Difference between revisions of "Language/Hebrew/Grammar/Vowels"

Latest revision as of 13:50, 18 June 2023

◀️ Consonants — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Nikkud ▶️

Hebrew → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Introduction to Hebrew Alphabet → Vowels

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on Hebrew vowels! In this lesson, we will explore the five vowels of the Hebrew alphabet and the sounds they make. Understanding vowels is crucial for learning Hebrew pronunciation and reading. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to recognize and pronounce Hebrew vowels with confidence.

Importance of Vowels in Hebrew[edit | edit source]

Hebrew is a Semitic language that uses a unique writing system called the Hebrew alphabet. Unlike other alphabets, Hebrew is written from right to left. The Hebrew alphabet consists of 22 consonants and 5 vowels. While consonants form the backbone of Hebrew words, vowels play a vital role in determining word meaning and pronunciation.

The Hebrew vowels, also known as "nikkud," are usually indicated by diacritical marks placed above or below the consonants. These vowel marks help differentiate between words that have the same consonants but different meanings. For example, the Hebrew word "kitzur" (קִצּוּר) means "short," while "katzar" (קָצָר) means "he cut." The only difference between these words is the placement of the vowel marks.

Understanding Hebrew vowels is essential for accurate pronunciation and comprehension. Without proper knowledge of vowels, reading Hebrew texts can be challenging, as the absence of vowel marks makes it difficult to distinguish between similar-looking words.

Throughout this lesson, we will learn the five Hebrew vowels, their pronunciation, and their impact on word meaning and pronunciation. We will also explore some cultural aspects related to Hebrew vowels and provide exercises to practice what you have learned.

Hebrew Vowels[edit | edit source]

The Five Hebrew Vowels[edit | edit source]

The Hebrew alphabet has five vowel letters, which are used to represent different vowel sounds. These vowel letters are:

א (Alef)
ה (He)
ו (Vav)
י (Yod)
ע (Ayin)

Each vowel letter can represent multiple vowel sounds, depending on its position and context within a word. Let's explore each vowel letter and the sounds it can make.

א (Alef)[edit | edit source]

The first vowel letter we will learn is א (Alef). While א is primarily a consonant, it can also represent a glottal stop, a sound made by closing and then releasing the vocal cords. The glottal stop is a common sound in many languages and is similar to the sound between the syllables of "uh-oh." In Hebrew, א (Alef) is used to indicate the presence of a vowel sound at the beginning of a word.

Here are some examples of Hebrew words containing א (Alef):

Hebrew	Pronunciation	English
אָבִיב	a-veev	spring
אָדָם	a-dam	man
אָז	az	then
אָמַר	a-mar	he said

In these examples, א (Alef) represents the vowel sound /a/ as in "father." However, it is important to note that א (Alef) does not produce a sound on its own and is only used to indicate the presence of a vowel sound.

ה (He)[edit | edit source]

The second vowel letter we will learn is ה (He). ה (He) is primarily a consonant, but it can also function as a vowel letter to represent two vowel sounds: "a" and "e." The pronunciation of ה (He) as a vowel depends on the vowel pointing system, which we will cover in a later lesson.

Here are some examples of Hebrew words containing ה (He):

Hebrew	Pronunciation	English
הָאָדָם	ha-a-dam	the man
הַכָּתוֹן	ha-ka-ton	the jacket
הַשֶּׁלֶג	ha-she-leg	the snow
הַמֶּלֶךְ	ha-me-lech	the king

In these examples, ה (He) represents the vowel sounds /a/ and /e/, respectively. The exact pronunciation of ה (He) will be determined by the vowel pointing system, which we will explore in the next lesson.

ו (Vav)[edit | edit source]

The third vowel letter we will learn is ו (Vav). ו (Vav) is primarily a consonant, but it can also function as a vowel letter to represent the vowel sound "o" or "u." The pronunciation of ו (Vav) as a vowel depends on the vowel pointing system, which we will cover in a later lesson.

Here are some examples of Hebrew words containing ו (Vav):

Hebrew	Pronunciation	English
וְרָק	ve-rak	and only
וְתֹם	ve-tom	and innocence
וְלֶחֶם	ve-le-chem	and bread
וְסֵפֶר	ve-se-fer	and book

In these examples, ו (Vav) represents the vowel sounds /o/ and /u/, respectively. The exact pronunciation of ו (Vav) will be determined by the vowel pointing system, which we will explore in the next lesson.

י (Yod)[edit | edit source]

The fourth vowel letter we will learn is י (Yod). י (Yod) is primarily a consonant, but it can also function as a vowel letter to represent the vowel sound "i" or "e." The pronunciation of י (Yod) as a vowel depends on the vowel pointing system, which we will cover in a later lesson.

Here are some examples of Hebrew words containing י (Yod):

Hebrew	Pronunciation	English
יָם	yam	sea
יָד	yad	hand
יָרוּק	ya-ruk	green
יָצָא	ya-tsa	he went out

In these examples, י (Yod) represents the vowel sounds /i/ and /e/, respectively. The exact pronunciation of י (Yod) will be determined by the vowel pointing system, which we will explore in the next lesson.

ע (Ayin)[edit | edit source]

The fifth vowel letter we will learn is ע (Ayin). ע (Ayin) is primarily a consonant, but it can also function as a vowel letter to represent the vowel sound "a." The pronunciation of ע (Ayin) as a vowel depends on the vowel pointing system, which we will cover in a later lesson.

Here are some examples of Hebrew words containing ע (Ayin):

Hebrew	Pronunciation	English
עֵץ	ets	tree
עִיר	eer	city
עָנָן	a-nan	cloud
עָבַר	a-var	he passed

In these examples, ע (Ayin) represents the vowel sound /a/. The exact pronunciation of ע (Ayin) will be determined by the vowel pointing system, which we will explore in the next lesson.

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

The Hebrew language has a rich cultural history dating back thousands of years. The vowels in Hebrew have evolved over time, and their pronunciation has varied across different regions and historical periods.

One interesting aspect of Hebrew vowels is their connection to Hebrew poetry. Vowels play a crucial role in Hebrew poetry, as they determine the meter and rhythm of the verses. Ancient Hebrew poetry relied heavily on vowel patterns to create a harmonious and melodic flow of words.

Another cultural aspect related to Hebrew vowels is the influence of Sephardic and Ashkenazi pronunciation. Sephardic Jews, who trace their ancestry to the Iberian Peninsula, have a distinct pronunciation of Hebrew vowels. Ashkenazi Jews, originating from Eastern Europe, have their own pronunciation of Hebrew vowels. These regional variations in vowel pronunciation add diversity and depth to the Hebrew language.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Below are some exercises to help you solidify your knowledge of Hebrew vowels. For each exercise, pronounce the Hebrew word aloud and try to identify the vowel sound represented by the vowel letter.

Exercise 1: Identify the Vowel Sound For each word, identify the vowel sound represented by the vowel letter.

יָד
אֶרֶץ
וֶאֱמֶת
הָעִיר

Exercise 2: Complete the Word Complete the word by adding the correct vowel letter.

שָ__
כָ__
נָ__
תָ__

Exercise 3: Match the Vowel Sound Match each Hebrew word with the corresponding vowel sound.

עֵץ
יָד
וֶאֱמֶת
הָעִיר

a. /e/ b. /o/ c. /i/ d. /a/

Solutions[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1: Identify the Vowel Sound

יָד - /a/
אֶרֶץ - /e/
וֶאֱמֶת - /e/
הָעִיר - /a/

Exercise 2: Complete the Word

שָׁם
כָּל
נֶפֶשׁ
תֹּהוּ

Exercise 3: Match the Vowel Sound

עֵץ - c. /e/
יָד - a. /a/
וֶאֱמֶת - c. /i/
הָעִיר - d. /a/

Congratulations on completing the exercises! You are now one step closer to mastering Hebrew vowels.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we explored the importance of Hebrew vowels and learned about the five vowel letters in the Hebrew alphabet. We discussed the sounds that each vowel letter can represent and how they impact word meaning and pronunciation. We also delved into some cultural insights related to Hebrew vowels and provided exercises to practice what you've learned.

Understanding Hebrew vowels is crucial for accurate pronunciation and reading comprehension. By mastering Hebrew vowels, you will gain a deeper appreciation for the beauty and intricacies of the Hebrew language. Keep practicing and exploring the fascinating world of Hebrew vowels!

Table of Contents - Hebrew Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Introduction to Hebrew Alphabet

Everyday Hebrew Vocabulary

Hebrew Grammar

Israeli Culture

Hebrew Expressions

Hebrew Numbers

Hebrew Geography and Landmarks

Hebrew Literature and Language

Grammar Review

Videos[edit | edit source]

Hebrew Vowels and Sheva (נקוד ושווא) - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Biblical Hebrew Grammar 1: The Vowels - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Hebrew vowels - Segol, Chataf Segol and Tsere - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Hebrew Alphabet (Alefbet) + Vowels - full tutorial! - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Consonants — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Nikkud ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Hebrew/Grammar/Consonants|◀️ Consonants — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Hebrew/Grammar/Nikkud|Next Lesson — Nikkud ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Hebrew-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Hebrew|Hebrew]]  → [[Language/Hebrew/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Hebrew/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Introduction to Hebrew Alphabet → Vowels</div>
+__TOC__
+== Introduction ==
+Welcome to the lesson on Hebrew vowels! In this lesson, we will explore the five vowels of the Hebrew alphabet and the sounds they make. Understanding vowels is crucial for learning Hebrew pronunciation and reading. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to recognize and pronounce Hebrew vowels with confidence.
+== Importance of Vowels in Hebrew ==
+Hebrew is a Semitic language that uses a unique writing system called the Hebrew alphabet. Unlike other alphabets, Hebrew is written from right to left. The Hebrew alphabet consists of 22 consonants and 5 vowels. While consonants form the backbone of Hebrew words, vowels play a vital role in determining word meaning and pronunciation.
+The Hebrew vowels, also known as "nikkud," are usually indicated by diacritical marks placed above or below the consonants. These vowel marks help differentiate between words that have the same consonants but different meanings. For example, the Hebrew word "kitzur" (קִצּוּר) means "short," while "katzar" (קָצָר) means "he cut." The only difference between these words is the placement of the vowel marks.
+Understanding Hebrew vowels is essential for accurate pronunciation and comprehension. Without proper knowledge of vowels, reading Hebrew texts can be challenging, as the absence of vowel marks makes it difficult to distinguish between similar-looking words.
+Throughout this lesson, we will learn the five Hebrew vowels, their pronunciation, and their impact on word meaning and pronunciation. We will also explore some cultural aspects related to Hebrew vowels and provide exercises to practice what you have learned.
+== Hebrew Vowels ==
-<div class="pg_page_title">Hebrew Grammar → Introduction to Hebrew Alphabet → Vowels</div>
+=== The Five Hebrew Vowels ===
-__TOC__
-As a Hebrew language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I am always happy to introduce new students to the beauty of the Hebrew language. In this lesson, we will cover the five vowels of the Hebrew alphabet and the sounds they make. This lesson is part of the "Complete 0 to A1 Hebrew Course," which aims to take students from absolute beginner to an A1 level in Hebrew. Let's get started!
+The Hebrew alphabet has five vowel letters, which are used to represent different vowel sounds. These vowel letters are:
-== The Hebrew Alphabet ==
+* א (Alef)
+* ה (He)
+* ו (Vav)
+* י (Yod)
+* ע (Ayin)
-Before we dive into the vowels of the Hebrew alphabet, let's quickly review the 22 consonants. The Hebrew alphabet is written from right to left and contains 22 consonants, all of which are consonants except for certain vowel markers.
+Each vowel letter can represent multiple vowel sounds, depending on its position and context within a word. Let's explore each vowel letter and the sounds it can make.
-* א (aleph)
+==== א (Alef) ====
-* ב (bet)
-* ג (gimel)
-* ד (dalet)
-* ה (he)
-* ו (vav)
-* ז (zayin)
-* ח (het)
-* ט (tet)
-* י (yod)
-* כ (kaf)
-* ל (lamed)
-* מ (mem)
-* נ (nun)
-* ס (samekh)
-* ע (ayin)
-* פ (pe)
-* צ (tsadi)
-* ק (kuf)
-* ר (resh)
-* ש (shin)
-* ת (tav)
-Now, let's move on to the vowels!
+The first vowel letter we will learn is א (Alef). While א is primarily a consonant, it can also represent a glottal stop, a sound made by closing and then releasing the vocal cords. The glottal stop is a common sound in many languages and is similar to the sound between the syllables of "uh-oh." In Hebrew, א (Alef) is used to indicate the presence of a vowel sound at the beginning of a word.
-== Vowels ==
+Here are some examples of Hebrew words containing א (Alef):
-The vowels in Hebrew are known as "nekudot" or "points." While there are only five individual vowel sounds, they can be written different ways depending on how they are used within a word. The five individual vowels are:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Hebrew !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| אָבִיב || a-veev || spring
+|-
+| אָדָם || a-dam || man
+|-
+| אָז || az || then
+|-
+| אָמַר || a-mar || he said
+|}
-* א (a)
+In these examples, א (Alef) represents the vowel sound /a/ as in "father." However, it is important to note that א (Alef) does not produce a sound on its own and is only used to indicate the presence of a vowel sound.
-* ו (u)
-* י (i)
-* ה (e)
-* ע (ah)
-It's important to note that the vowels are usually marked with a diacritical mark below or above the consonant letter. Here are some examples:
+==== ה (He) ====
+The second vowel letter we will learn is ה (He). ה (He) is primarily a consonant, but it can also function as a vowel letter to represent two vowel sounds: "a" and "e." The pronunciation of ה (He) as a vowel depends on the vowel pointing system, which we will cover in a later lesson.
+Here are some examples of Hebrew words containing ה (He):
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Hebrew !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| אָ  || a || father
+| הָאָדָם || ha-a-dam || the man
+|-
+| הַכָּתוֹן || ha-ka-ton || the jacket
 |-
-| וֹ  || o || ocean
+| הַשֶּׁלֶג || ha-she-leg || the snow
 |-
-| יִ  || ee || bee
+| הַמֶּלֶךְ || ha-me-lech || the king
+|}
+In these examples, ה (He) represents the vowel sounds /a/ and /e/, respectively. The exact pronunciation of ה (He) will be determined by the vowel pointing system, which we will explore in the next lesson.
+==== ו (Vav) ====
+The third vowel letter we will learn is ו (Vav). ו (Vav) is primarily a consonant, but it can also function as a vowel letter to represent the vowel sound "o" or "u." The pronunciation of ו (Vav) as a vowel depends on the vowel pointing system, which we will cover in a later lesson.
+Here are some examples of Hebrew words containing ו (Vav):
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Hebrew !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| הֶ  || eh || get
+| וְרָק || ve-rak || and only
 |-
-| עָ  || ah || car
+| וְתֹם || ve-tom || and innocence
+|-
+| וְלֶחֶם || ve-le-chem || and bread
+|-
+| וְסֵפֶר || ve-se-fer || and book
 |}
-Note: the small lines and dots above or below the consonants in the table above represent the vowel marking system.
+In these examples, ו (Vav) represents the vowel sounds /o/ and /u/, respectively. The exact pronunciation of ו (Vav) will be determined by the vowel pointing system, which we will explore in the next lesson.
+==== י (Yod) ====
-== Practice ==
+The fourth vowel letter we will learn is י (Yod). י (Yod) is primarily a consonant, but it can also function as a vowel letter to represent the vowel sound "i" or "e." The pronunciation of י (Yod) as a vowel depends on the vowel pointing system, which we will cover in a later lesson.
-The best way to practice the Hebrew vowels is to use them in context. Here are two examples of words that use all five of the Hebrew vowels:
+Here are some examples of Hebrew words containing י (Yod):
-* קָם (kam) - He stood up.
+{| class="wikitable"
-* כֹּהֵן (kohen) - Priest.
+! Hebrew !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| יָם || yam || sea
+|-
+| יָד || yad || hand
+|-
+| יָרוּק || ya-ruk || green
+|-
+| יָצָא || ya-tsa || he went out
+|}
-Try saying these words out loud and listening for each of the five vowel sounds. As you practice more, you will become more comfortable with the Hebrew vowel sounds and be able to use them more naturally in your speech.
+In these examples, י (Yod) represents the vowel sounds /i/ and /e/, respectively. The exact pronunciation of י (Yod) will be determined by the vowel pointing system, which we will explore in the next lesson.
+==== ע (Ayin) ====
+The fifth vowel letter we will learn is ע (Ayin). ע (Ayin) is primarily a consonant, but it can also function as a vowel letter to represent the vowel sound "a." The pronunciation of ע (Ayin) as a vowel depends on the vowel pointing system, which we will cover in a later lesson.
+Here are some examples of Hebrew words containing ע (Ayin):
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Hebrew !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| עֵץ || ets || tree
+|-
+| עִיר || eer || city
+|-
+| עָנָן || a-nan || cloud
+|-
+| עָבַר || a-var || he passed
+|}
+In these examples, ע (Ayin) represents the vowel sound /a/. The exact pronunciation of ע (Ayin) will be determined by the vowel pointing system, which we will explore in the next lesson.
+== Cultural Insights ==
+The Hebrew language has a rich cultural history dating back thousands of years. The vowels in Hebrew have evolved over time, and their pronunciation has varied across different regions and historical periods.
+One interesting aspect of Hebrew vowels is their connection to Hebrew poetry. Vowels play a crucial role in Hebrew poetry, as they determine the meter and rhythm of the verses. Ancient Hebrew poetry relied heavily on vowel patterns to create a harmonious and melodic flow of words.
+Another cultural aspect related to Hebrew vowels is the influence of Sephardic and Ashkenazi pronunciation. Sephardic Jews, who trace their ancestry to the Iberian Peninsula, have a distinct pronunciation of Hebrew vowels. Ashkenazi Jews, originating from Eastern Europe, have their own pronunciation of Hebrew vowels. These regional variations in vowel pronunciation add diversity and depth to the Hebrew language.
+== Practice Exercises ==
+Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Below are some exercises to help you solidify your knowledge of Hebrew vowels. For each exercise, pronounce the Hebrew word aloud and try to identify the vowel sound represented by the vowel letter.
+Exercise 1: Identify the Vowel Sound
+For each word, identify the vowel sound represented by the vowel letter.
+* יָד
+* אֶרֶץ
+* וֶאֱמֶת
+* הָעִיר
+Exercise 2: Complete the Word
+Complete the word by adding the correct vowel letter.
+* שָ__
+* כָ__
+* נָ__
+* תָ__
+Exercise 3: Match the Vowel Sound
+Match each Hebrew word with the corresponding vowel sound.
+* עֵץ
+* יָד
+* וֶאֱמֶת
+* הָעִיר
+a. /e/
+b. /o/
+c. /i/
+d. /a/
+== Solutions ==
+Exercise 1: Identify the Vowel Sound
+* יָד - /a/
+* אֶרֶץ - /e/
+* וֶאֱמֶת - /e/
+* הָעִיר - /a/
+Exercise 2: Complete the Word
+* שָׁם
+* כָּל
+* נֶפֶשׁ
+* תֹּהוּ
+Exercise 3: Match the Vowel Sound
+* עֵץ - c. /e/
+* יָד - a. /a/
+* וֶאֱמֶת - c. /i/
+* הָעִיר - d. /a/
+Congratulations on completing the exercises! You are now one step closer to mastering Hebrew vowels.
 == Conclusion ==
-Congratulations! You've just learned the five basic vowel sounds of the Hebrew language. Keep practicing and incorporating them into your language studies. In the next lesson, we will cover the nikkud or vowel pointing system used in Hebrew to indicate vowel sounds.
+In this lesson, we explored the importance of Hebrew vowels and learned about the five vowel letters in the Hebrew alphabet. We discussed the sounds that each vowel letter can represent and how they impact word meaning and pronunciation. We also delved into some cultural insights related to Hebrew vowels and provided exercises to practice what you've learned.
-== Sources ==
+Understanding Hebrew vowels is crucial for accurate pronunciation and reading comprehension. By mastering Hebrew vowels, you will gain a deeper appreciation for the beauty and intricacies of the Hebrew language. Keep practicing and exploring the fascinating world of Hebrew vowels!
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_Alphabet Hebrew Alphabet]
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_vowels Hebrew Vowels]
 {{#seo:
-|title=Introduction to Hebrew Alphabet - Hebrew Grammar - Vowels
+|title=Hebrew Grammar → Introduction to Hebrew Alphabet → Vowels
-|keywords=Hebrew Grammar, Hebrew Alphabet, vowels, learn Hebrew
+|keywords=Hebrew grammar, Hebrew alphabet, Hebrew vowels, Hebrew pronunciation, Hebrew language
-|description=Learn the 5 vowels of the Hebrew alphabet and the sounds they make in this lesson of our Complete 0 to A1 Hebrew Course.
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the five vowels of the Hebrew alphabet, their pronunciation, and their impact on word meaning and pronunciation. Explore some cultural insights related to Hebrew vowels and practice exercises to solidify your knowledge.
 }}
@@ Line 95: / Line 222: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Hebrew-0-to-A1-Course]]
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
+==Videos==
+===Hebrew Vowels and Sheva (נקוד ושווא) - YouTube===
+<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91w_UiE_Uyg</youtube>
+===Biblical Hebrew Grammar 1: The Vowels - YouTube===
+<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qS9LKlPvsM0</youtube>
+===Hebrew vowels - Segol, Chataf Segol and Tsere - YouTube===
+<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWJjmr_yFgY</youtube>
+===Hebrew Alphabet (Alefbet) + Vowels - full tutorial! - YouTube===
+<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkxvqIxTE3A</youtube>
+==Sources==
+* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qS9LKlPvsM0 Biblical Hebrew Grammar 1: The Vowels - YouTube]
+* [https://www.hebrew4christians.com/Grammar/Unit_Two/Vowel_List/vowel_list.html The Complete Hebrew Vowel List]
+* [https://hebrewrootsmom.com/an-introduction-to-hebrew-vowels/ An Introduction to the Hebrew Vowels – Hebrew Roots Mom]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew Biblical Hebrew - Wikipedia]
+==Other Lessons==
+* [[Language/Hebrew/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
+* [[Language/Hebrew/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
+* [[Language/Hebrew/Grammar/Review-of-Nouns-and-Pronouns|Review of Nouns and Pronouns]]
+* [[Language/Hebrew/Grammar/Ordinal-Numbers|Ordinal Numbers]]
+* [[Language/Hebrew/Grammar/Verb-to-Have|Verb to Have]]
+* [[Language/Hebrew/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
+* [[Language/Hebrew/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
+* [[Language/Hebrew/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
+* [[Language/Hebrew/Grammar/Consonants|Consonants]]
+* [[Language/Hebrew/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
 {{Hebrew-Page-Bottom}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Hebrew/Grammar/Consonants|◀️ Consonants — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Hebrew/Grammar/Nikkud|Next Lesson — Nikkud ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>