Difference between revisions of "Language/Dutch/Grammar/Modal-Verbs"

Latest revision as of 02:48, 18 June 2023

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Dutch → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Verbs and Conjugation → Modal Verbs

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on modal verbs in Dutch! In this lesson, we will explore the importance of modal verbs in the Dutch language and how to use them correctly. Modal verbs play a crucial role in expressing ability, possibility, necessity, and permission. They are essential for effective communication and are commonly used in everyday conversations.

Throughout this lesson, we will delve into the details of modal verbs, their conjugation, and usage. We will provide numerous examples to illustrate each point, ensuring that you have a clear understanding of how to use modal verbs in different contexts. We will also explore any regional variations in the usage of modal verbs and share interesting cultural facts related to this topic.

By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in using modal verbs confidently and accurately. So, let's dive right in!

Understanding Modal Verbs[edit | edit source]

Modal verbs, also known as auxiliary verbs or helping verbs, are used to express various attitudes, abilities, permissions, and obligations. In Dutch, modal verbs are an integral part of the language and are commonly used in both written and spoken communication.

Modal verbs are unique because they change the meaning of the main verb in a sentence. They also affect the word order and sentence structure. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the correct usage and conjugation of modal verbs to convey your intended meaning effectively.

There are six main modal verbs in Dutch:

1. Kunnen - to be able to, can 2. Mogen - to be allowed to, may 3. Willen - to want to 4. Zullen - to be going to, shall 5. Moeten - to have to, must 6. Gaan - to be going to, will

Each of these modal verbs has its own unique conjugation pattern, which we will explore in the following sections. Let's take a closer look at each modal verb and its usage.

Kunnen (to be able to, can)[edit | edit source]

Kunnen is used to express ability or possibility. It is often translated as "to be able to" or "can" in English. Let's look at some examples:

Dutch	Pronunciation	English
Ik kan zwemmen.	Ik kahn zwem-men.	I can swim.
Hij kan Nederlands spreken.	Hay kahn Nay-dur-lahnts spay-ken.	He can speak Dutch.
We kunnen morgen afspreken.	Vay kahn-un mohr-ghun ahf-spray-ken.	We can meet tomorrow.

As you can see from the examples above, kunnen is conjugated according to the subject pronoun in the sentence. The infinitive form of the verb remains unchanged.

Mogen (to be allowed to, may)[edit | edit source]

Mogen is used to express permission or possibility. It is often translated as "to be allowed to" or "may" in English. Let's look at some examples:

Dutch	Pronunciation	English
Mag ik naar buiten gaan?	Mag ik naar buy-ten gahn?	May I go outside?
Je mag hier niet roken.	Yuh mag heer neet ro-ken.	You're not allowed to smoke here.
We mogen vandaag vroeg naar huis.	Vay moh-ghun vahn-dahgh vroog naar house.	We may leave early today.

Similar to kunnen, mogen is conjugated based on the subject pronoun in the sentence. The infinitive form of the verb remains unchanged.

Willen (to want to)[edit | edit source]

Willen is used to express desire or willingness. It is often translated as "to want to" in English. Let's look at some examples:

Dutch	Pronunciation	English
Ik wil graag een kopje koffie.	Ik wil graakh un kohp-yuh koh-fee.	I would like a cup of coffee.
Ze wil naar de bioscoop gaan.	Zay wil naar duh bee-oh-skohp gahn.	She wants to go to the cinema.
We willen vanavond uit eten.	Vay wil-un vah-nah-vont oat ay-ten.	We want to go out for dinner tonight.

Like the previous modal verbs, willen is conjugated according to the subject pronoun. The infinitive form of the verb remains unchanged.

Zullen (to be going to, shall)[edit | edit source]

Zullen is used to express future actions or intentions. It is often translated as "to be going to" or "shall" in English. Let's look at some examples:

Dutch	Pronunciation	English
Ik zal je later bellen.	Ik zal yuh lah-ter bel-len.	I will call you later.
Ze zullen morgen aankomen.	Zay zul-len mohr-ghun ahn-koh-men.	They will arrive tomorrow.
We zullen dit weekend naar het strand gaan.	Vay zul-len dit vay-kend naar het strand gahn.	We will go to the beach this weekend.

Once again, zullen is conjugated based on the subject pronoun. The infinitive form of the verb remains unchanged.

Moeten (to have to, must)[edit | edit source]

Moeten is used to express obligation or necessity. It is often translated as "to have to" or "must" in English. Let's look at some examples:

Dutch	Pronunciation	English
Ik moet vroeg opstaan.	Ik moht vroog op-stahn.	I have to wake up early.
Je moet je huiswerk maken.	Yuh moht yuh house-werk mah-ken.	You have to do your homework.
We moeten naar de supermarkt.	Vay moht-un naar duh soo-per-markt.	We must go to the supermarket.

As with the previous modal verbs, moeten is conjugated according to the subject pronoun. The infinitive form of the verb remains unchanged.

Gaan (to be going to, will)[edit | edit source]

Gaan is used to express future actions or intentions. It is often translated as "to be going to" or "will" in English. Let's look at some examples:

Dutch	Pronunciation	English
Ik ga vanavond naar de film.	Ik gah vah-nah-vont naar duh film.	I am going to the movie tonight.
Ga je mee naar het feest?	Gah yuh may naar het fest?	Are you coming to the party?
We gaan binnenkort op vakantie.	Vay gahn bin-nen-kort op vah-kahn-tee.	We are going on vacation soon.

Similar to the previous modal verbs, gaan is conjugated based on the subject pronoun. The infinitive form of the verb remains unchanged.

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

In Dutch culture, the use of modal verbs reflects the directness and pragmatism of the Dutch people. Dutch speakers often use modal verbs to express their intentions, opinions, and expectations explicitly. They value clarity and efficiency in communication, and the use of modal verbs helps achieve this.

It is also worth noting that the usage of modal verbs can vary slightly between regions in the Netherlands and Belgium. While the core meaning and conjugation patterns remain the same, certain regional variations may exist in spoken language. These variations add a touch of cultural diversity to the Dutch language and highlight the rich linguistic heritage of the region.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to put your knowledge of modal verbs into practice! Below, you will find some exercises to help you reinforce what you have learned. Try to complete the exercises on your own, and then check your answers and explanations provided.

Exercise 1: Conjugation Practice Conjugate the modal verb in parentheses according to the subject pronoun provided.

1. (moeten) Ik __________ naar de tandarts. 2. (mogen) Je __________ deze pen gebruiken. 3. (kunnen) Hij __________ goed zingen. 4. (zullen) We __________ vanavond naar de bioscoop. 5. (willen) Jullie __________ graag een ijsje.

Exercise 2: Sentence Completion Complete the sentences with the appropriate modal verb.

1. Mag ik __________ de hond uitlaten? 2. We moeten __________ op tijd komen. 3. Ze __________ vanavond naar het concert. 4. Ik wil __________ een boek lezen. 5. Mogen we __________ de radio aanzetten?

Exercise 3: Translation Practice Translate the following sentences from English to Dutch.

1. Can you speak French? 2. We will go shopping tomorrow. 3. I have to study for the exam. 4. She wants to travel to Spain. 5. You are allowed to use my computer.

Solutions[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1: Conjugation Practice

1. (moeten) Ik moet naar de tandarts. 2. (mogen) Je mag deze pen gebruiken. 3. (kunnen) Hij kan goed zingen. 4. (zullen) We zullen vanavond naar de bioscoop. 5. (willen) Jullie willen graag een ijsje.

Exercise 2: Sentence Completion

1. Mag ik de hond uitlaten? 2. We moeten op tijd komen. 3. Ze gaat vanavond naar het concert. 4. Ik wil een boek lezen. 5. Mogen we de radio aanzetten?

Exercise 3: Translation Practice

1. Kun jij Frans spreken? 2. We gaan morgen winkelen. 3. Ik moet voor het examen studeren. 4. Ze wil naar Spanje reizen. 5. Je mag mijn computer gebruiken.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have successfully completed the lesson on modal verbs in Dutch. You have learned about the six main modal verbs and their conjugation patterns. You have also gained insight into the cultural aspects of using modal verbs in Dutch and practiced applying your knowledge through various exercises.

Modal verbs are an essential tool in expressing attitudes, abilities, permissions, and obligations in Dutch. By mastering their usage, you will be able to communicate more effectively and confidently in both written and spoken Dutch.

Keep practicing and incorporating modal verbs into your conversations to further enhance your language skills. In the next lesson, we will explore another aspect of Dutch grammar and continue our journey towards mastering the Dutch language.

Table of Contents - Dutch Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Alphabet and Pronunciation

Nouns and Articles

Verbs and Conjugation

Adjectives and Adverbs

Prepositions and Pronouns

Family

Food and Drinks

Travel

Work and Jobs

The Netherlands

Dutch Customs

Videos[edit | edit source]

Learn Dutch Grammar _ Master MODAL VERBS in Present Tense ...[edit | edit source]

Dutch modal verbs: the auxiliary verb 'zullen'. - YouTube[edit | edit source]

How to use modal verbs in Dutch - Form longer sentences! - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Modal Verbs in Dutch: kunnen, mogen, moeten - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Irregular Verbs — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Dutch/Grammar/Irregular-Verbs|◀️ Irregular Verbs — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Dutch/Grammar/Comparison-of-Adjectives-and-Adverbs|Next Lesson — Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Dutch-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Dutch|Dutch]]  → [[Language/Dutch/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Conjugation → Modal Verbs</div>
+__TOC__
+== Introduction ==
+Welcome to the lesson on modal verbs in Dutch! In this lesson, we will explore the importance of modal verbs in the Dutch language and how to use them correctly. Modal verbs play a crucial role in expressing ability, possibility, necessity, and permission. They are essential for effective communication and are commonly used in everyday conversations.
+Throughout this lesson, we will delve into the details of modal verbs, their conjugation, and usage. We will provide numerous examples to illustrate each point, ensuring that you have a clear understanding of how to use modal verbs in different contexts. We will also explore any regional variations in the usage of modal verbs and share interesting cultural facts related to this topic.
+By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in using modal verbs confidently and accurately. So, let's dive right in!
+== Understanding Modal Verbs ==
+Modal verbs, also known as auxiliary verbs or helping verbs, are used to express various attitudes, abilities, permissions, and obligations. In Dutch, modal verbs are an integral part of the language and are commonly used in both written and spoken communication.
+Modal verbs are unique because they change the meaning of the main verb in a sentence. They also affect the word order and sentence structure. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the correct usage and conjugation of modal verbs to convey your intended meaning effectively.
+There are six main modal verbs in Dutch:
+. Kunnen - to be able to, can
+. Mogen - to be allowed to, may
+. Willen - to want to
+. Zullen - to be going to, shall
+. Moeten - to have to, must
+. Gaan - to be going to, will
+Each of these modal verbs has its own unique conjugation pattern, which we will explore in the following sections. Let's take a closer look at each modal verb and its usage.
-<div class="pg_page_title">Dutch Grammar → Verbs and Conjugation → Modal Verbs</div>
+=== Kunnen (to be able to, can) ===
-__TOC__
+Kunnen is used to express ability or possibility. It is often translated as "to be able to" or "can" in English. Let's look at some examples:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Dutch !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Ik kan zwemmen. || Ik kahn zwem-men. || I can swim.
+|-
+| Hij kan Nederlands spreken. || Hay kahn Nay-dur-lahnts spay-ken. || He can speak Dutch.
+|-
+| We kunnen morgen afspreken. || Vay kahn-un mohr-ghun ahf-spray-ken. || We can meet tomorrow.
+|}
-Modal verbs play an important role in the Dutch language as they allow us to express our ability, obligation, permission, and suggestion. In this lesson, we will learn how to use Dutch modal verbs.
+As you can see from the examples above, kunnen is conjugated according to the subject pronoun in the sentence. The infinitive form of the verb remains unchanged.
-== Modal Verbs ==
+=== Mogen (to be allowed to, may) ===
-In Dutch, we use modal verbs to indicate modality, which is the speaker's attitude towards the action of the verb. These verbs are always used with a main verb that appears in its infinitive form at the end of the sentence. The most common modal verbs in Dutch are:
+Mogen is used to express permission or possibility. It is often translated as "to be allowed to" or "may" in English. Let's look at some examples:
-* kunnen (can)
+{| class="wikitable"
-* moeten (must, have to)
+! Dutch !! Pronunciation !! English
-* mogen (may, be allowed to)
+|-
-* willen (want)
+| Mag ik naar buiten gaan? || Mag ik naar buy-ten gahn? || May I go outside?
-* zullen (will, going to)
+|-
+| Je mag hier niet roken. || Yuh mag heer neet ro-ken. || You're not allowed to smoke here.
+|-
+| We mogen vandaag vroeg naar huis. || Vay moh-ghun vahn-dahgh vroog naar house. || We may leave early today.
+|}
-Note that unlike English, Dutch does not use a gerund after a modal verb, but an infinitive.
+Similar to kunnen, mogen is conjugated based on the subject pronoun in the sentence. The infinitive form of the verb remains unchanged.
-=== Usage ===
+=== Willen (to want to) ===
-Here are the main uses of Dutch modal verbs:
+Willen is used to express desire or willingness. It is often translated as "to want to" in English. Let's look at some examples:
-* Kunnen: used to express ability or possibility. Example: Ik kan Nederlands spreken. (I can speak Dutch.)
+{| class="wikitable"
-* Moeten: used to express obligation. Example: Ik moet Nederlands leren. (I have to learn Dutch.)
+! Dutch !! Pronunciation !! English
-* Mogen: used to express permission or prohibition. Example: Mag ik de krant lezen? (May I read the newspaper?)
+|-
-* Willen: used to express desire. Example: Ik wil een koffie, alstublieft. (I want a coffee, please.)
+| Ik wil graag een kopje koffie. || Ik wil graakh un kohp-yuh koh-fee. || I would like a cup of coffee.
-* Zullen: used to express intention or future events. Example: We zullen vanavond uit eten gaan. (We will go out for dinner tonight.)
+|-
+| Ze wil naar de bioscoop gaan. || Zay wil naar duh bee-oh-skohp gahn. || She wants to go to the cinema.
+|-
+| We willen vanavond uit eten. || Vay wil-un vah-nah-vont oat ay-ten. || We want to go out for dinner tonight.
+|}
+Like the previous modal verbs, willen is conjugated according to the subject pronoun. The infinitive form of the verb remains unchanged.
+=== Zullen (to be going to, shall) ===
+Zullen is used to express future actions or intentions. It is often translated as "to be going to" or "shall" in English. Let's look at some examples:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Dutch !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Ik zal je later bellen. || Ik zal yuh lah-ter bel-len. || I will call you later.
+|-
+| Ze zullen morgen aankomen. || Zay zul-len mohr-ghun ahn-koh-men. || They will arrive tomorrow.
+|-
+| We zullen dit weekend naar het strand gaan. || Vay zul-len dit vay-kend naar het strand gahn. || We will go to the beach this weekend.
+|}
-Note that the verb that follows the modal verb is always in its infinitive form.
+Once again, zullen is conjugated based on the subject pronoun. The infinitive form of the verb remains unchanged.
-=== Conjugation ===
+=== Moeten (to have to, must) ===
-Modal verbs are irregular in Dutch, meaning that they do not follow the regular conjugation pattern of the Dutch verbs. Here is the conjugation of the modal verbs in Dutch:
+Moeten is used to express obligation or necessity. It is often translated as "to have to" or "must" in English. Let's look at some examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Dutch !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| kunnen || ['kʏnə ŋ] || can
+| Ik moet vroeg opstaan. || Ik moht vroog op-stahn. || I have to wake up early.
 |-
-| moeten || ['mustə ŋ] || must, have to
+| Je moet je huiswerk maken. || Yuh moht yuh house-werk mah-ken. || You have to do your homework.
 |-
-| mogen || ['moɣə ŋ] || may, be allowed to
+| We moeten naar de supermarkt. || Vay moht-un naar duh soo-per-markt. || We must go to the supermarket.
+|}
+As with the previous modal verbs, moeten is conjugated according to the subject pronoun. The infinitive form of the verb remains unchanged.
+=== Gaan (to be going to, will) ===
+Gaan is used to express future actions or intentions. It is often translated as "to be going to" or "will" in English. Let's look at some examples:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Dutch !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| willen || ['wɪlə ŋ] || want
+| Ik ga vanavond naar de film. || Ik gah vah-nah-vont naar duh film. || I am going to the movie tonight.
 |-
-| zullen || ['zʏlə ŋ] || will, going to
+| Ga je mee naar het feest? || Gah yuh may naar het fest? || Are you coming to the party?
+|-
+| We gaan binnenkort op vakantie. || Vay gahn bin-nen-kort op vah-kahn-tee. || We are going on vacation soon.
 |}
-Note that the pronunciation column includes the IPA symbol for each sound, in square brackets. The last column includes the English translation of the verbs.
+Similar to the previous modal verbs, gaan is conjugated based on the subject pronoun. The infinitive form of the verb remains unchanged.
+== Cultural Insights ==
+In Dutch culture, the use of modal verbs reflects the directness and pragmatism of the Dutch people. Dutch speakers often use modal verbs to express their intentions, opinions, and expectations explicitly. They value clarity and efficiency in communication, and the use of modal verbs helps achieve this.
+It is also worth noting that the usage of modal verbs can vary slightly between regions in the Netherlands and Belgium. While the core meaning and conjugation patterns remain the same, certain regional variations may exist in spoken language. These variations add a touch of cultural diversity to the Dutch language and highlight the rich linguistic heritage of the region.
+== Practice Exercises ==
+Now it's time to put your knowledge of modal verbs into practice! Below, you will find some exercises to help you reinforce what you have learned. Try to complete the exercises on your own, and then check your answers and explanations provided.
-=== Examples ===
+Exercise 1: Conjugation Practice
+Conjugate the modal verb in parentheses according to the subject pronoun provided.
-Here are some examples of Dutch modal verbs in use:
+. (moeten) Ik __________ naar de tandarts.
+. (mogen) Je __________ deze pen gebruiken.
+. (kunnen) Hij __________ goed zingen.
+. (zullen) We __________ vanavond naar de bioscoop.
+. (willen) Jullie __________ graag een ijsje.
-* Ik kan Nederlands spreken. (I can speak Dutch.)
+Exercise 2: Sentence Completion
-* Ik moet naar de dokter. (I have to go to the doctor.)
+Complete the sentences with the appropriate modal verb.
-* Mag ik de menukaart zien? (May I see the menu?)
-* Ik wil graag een glas water, alstublieft. (I would like a glass of water, please.)
+. Mag ik __________ de hond uitlaten?
-* We zullen op vakantie gaan naar Spanje. (We will go on vacation to Spain.)
+. We moeten __________ op tijd komen.
+. Ze __________ vanavond naar het concert.
+. Ik wil __________ een boek lezen.
+. Mogen we __________ de radio aanzetten?
+Exercise 3: Translation Practice
+Translate the following sentences from English to Dutch.
+. Can you speak French?
+. We will go shopping tomorrow.
+. I have to study for the exam.
+. She wants to travel to Spain.
+. You are allowed to use my computer.
+== Solutions ==
+Exercise 1: Conjugation Practice
+. (moeten) Ik moet naar de tandarts.
+. (mogen) Je mag deze pen gebruiken.
+. (kunnen) Hij kan goed zingen.
+. (zullen) We zullen vanavond naar de bioscoop.
+. (willen) Jullie willen graag een ijsje.
+Exercise 2: Sentence Completion
+. Mag ik de hond uitlaten?
+. We moeten op tijd komen.
+. Ze gaat vanavond naar het concert.
+. Ik wil een boek lezen.
+. Mogen we de radio aanzetten?
+Exercise 3: Translation Practice
+. Kun jij Frans spreken?
+. We gaan morgen winkelen.
+. Ik moet voor het examen studeren.
+. Ze wil naar Spanje reizen.
+. Je mag mijn computer gebruiken.
 == Conclusion ==
-Modal verbs are a fundamental part of the Dutch language, as they allow us to express our attitude towards an action. Knowing how to use them correctly will greatly improve your Dutch communication skills.
+Congratulations! You have successfully completed the lesson on modal verbs in Dutch. You have learned about the six main modal verbs and their conjugation patterns. You have also gained insight into the cultural aspects of using modal verbs in Dutch and practiced applying your knowledge through various exercises.
+Modal verbs are an essential tool in expressing attitudes, abilities, permissions, and obligations in Dutch. By mastering their usage, you will be able to communicate more effectively and confidently in both written and spoken Dutch.
-== Sources ==
+Keep practicing and incorporating modal verbs into your conversations to further enhance your language skills. In the next lesson, we will explore another aspect of Dutch grammar and continue our journey towards mastering the Dutch language.
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_grammar Dutch grammar]
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_language Dutch language]
 {{#seo:
-|title=Complete 0 to A1 Dutch Course: Dutch Grammar → Verbs and Conjugation → Modal Verbs
+|title=Dutch Grammar → Verbs and Conjugation → Modal Verbs
-|keywords=Dutch modal verbs, Dutch conjugation, Dutch grammar, Dutch language, learn Dutch
+|keywords=Dutch grammar, modal verbs, Dutch verbs, Dutch conjugation
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use Dutch modal verbs, their conjugation, and examples on how to use them. Improve your Dutch communication skills with our A1 Dutch course.
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use modal verbs in Dutch. Modal verbs play a crucial role in expressing ability, possibility, necessity, and permission. We will explore the details of modal verbs, their conjugation, and usage, providing numerous examples to ensure a clear understanding.
 }}
@@ Line 82: / Line 217: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Dutch-0-to-A1-Course]]
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
+==Videos==
+===Learn Dutch Grammar _ Master MODAL VERBS in Present Tense ...===
+<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7an0cOBG3U</youtube>
+===Dutch modal verbs: the auxiliary verb 'zullen'. - YouTube===
+<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFtPhAmB6no</youtube>
+===How to use modal verbs in Dutch - Form longer sentences! - YouTube===
+<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tN3rjiCHaS4</youtube>
+===Modal Verbs in Dutch: kunnen, mogen, moeten - YouTube===
+<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFckJLmSL3Y</youtube>
+==Sources==
+* [https://ielanguages.com/dutch-modal-verbs.html Dutch Modal Verbs - ielanguages.com]
+* [https://thedutchonlineacademy.com/en/grammar/modal-verbs-in-dutch Learn modal verbs in Dutch. How to use the modal verbs and hoeven]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_grammar Dutch grammar - Wikipedia]
+==Other Lessons==
+* [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/Present-Tense-and-Regular-Verbs|Present Tense and Regular Verbs]]
+* [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/Plural|Plural]]
+* [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
+* [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/Plural-and-Diminutives|Plural and Diminutives]]
+* [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/Definite-Articles-in-Dutch|Definite Articles in Dutch]]
+* [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
+* [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
+* [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/How-to-use-“to-be”-with-names-and-places|How to use “to be” with names and places]]
+* [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/Gender-and-Articles|Gender and Articles]]
+* [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/Ablative-Case-in-Dutch|Ablative Case in Dutch]]
 {{Dutch-Page-Bottom}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Dutch/Grammar/Irregular-Verbs|◀️ Irregular Verbs — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Dutch/Grammar/Comparison-of-Adjectives-and-Adverbs|Next Lesson — Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>