Difference between revisions of "Language/Marathi/Grammar/Adjectives"

Latest revision as of 23:48, 20 June 2023

Marathi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Introduction to Marathi grammar → Adjectives

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will explore the world of adjectives in Marathi. Adjectives are an essential part of any language and play a crucial role in describing nouns. By learning adjectives, you will be able to add more detail and color to your Marathi sentences. In this lesson, we will cover the basics of adjectives, including their agreement with nouns and their comparison forms. We will also discuss any regional variations in the usage of adjectives and share interesting cultural facts related to this topic. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to use adjectives in Marathi effectively.

Basics of Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns. In Marathi, adjectives agree with nouns in gender, number, and case. This means that the form of the adjective changes based on the gender, number, and case of the noun it is describing. Let's take a look at some examples to understand this concept better:

Gender Agreement[edit | edit source]

In Marathi, nouns are classified into masculine, feminine, and neuter genders. Adjectives must agree with the gender of the noun they describe. Here are a few examples:

Marathi	Pronunciation	English
उंच	uñcha	tall (masculine)
उंची	uñchī	tall (feminine)
उंच	uñcha	tall (neuter)

As you can see in the examples above, the adjective "उंच" (uñcha) changes its form based on the gender of the noun it describes. "उंच" (uñcha) is used with masculine nouns, "उंची" (uñchī) is used with feminine nouns, and "उंच" (uñcha) is used with neuter nouns.

Number Agreement[edit | edit source]

Adjectives in Marathi also agree with the number of the noun they describe. This means that the form of the adjective changes based on whether the noun is singular or plural. Let's take a look at some examples:

Marathi	Pronunciation	English
लांब	lāmba	long (singular)
लांबे	lāmbe	long (plural)
लांब	lāmba	long (neuter)

In the examples above, the adjective "लांब" (lāmba) changes its form based on the number of the noun it describes. "लांब" (lāmba) is used with singular nouns, "लांबे" (lāmbe) is used with plural nouns, and "लांब" (lāmba) is used with neuter nouns.

Case Agreement[edit | edit source]

In Marathi, adjectives also agree with the case of the noun they describe. The case of a noun indicates its role in the sentence, such as subject, object, or possessive. Let's take a look at some examples:

Marathi	Pronunciation	English
माझी नवी सुवार्ता	mājhī navī suvārtā	my new car (nominative case)
माझे नवे कार्यालय	mājhe nave kāryālaya	my new office (nominative case)
माझी नवी सुवार्ता	mājhī navī suvārtā	of my new car (genitive case)

In the examples above, the adjectives "नवी" (navī) and "नवे" (nave) change their form based on the case of the noun they describe. "नवी" (navī) is used with singular feminine nouns in the nominative case, "नवे" (nave) is used with plural masculine nouns in the nominative case, and "नवी" (navī) is used with singular feminine nouns in the genitive case.

Comparison of Adjectives[edit | edit source]

In addition to agreement, adjectives in Marathi can also be compared to express degrees of comparison. There are three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative. Let's explore each of these in detail:

Positive Degree[edit | edit source]

The positive degree of an adjective is used to simply describe a noun without any comparison. Here are some examples:

Marathi	Pronunciation	English
छान	chān	good
वाईट	vāīṭ	white
मोठ	mōṭh	big

In the examples above, the adjectives "छान" (chān), "वाईट" (vāīṭ), and "मोठ" (mōṭh) are in the positive degree and simply describe the nouns without any comparison.

Comparative Degree[edit | edit source]

The comparative degree of an adjective is used to compare two nouns. It indicates that one noun has a higher or lower degree of the quality described by the adjective compared to the other noun. Here are some examples:

Marathi	Pronunciation	English
जास्त	jāst	more
लहान	lahān	smaller
जास्त	jāst	better

In the examples above, the adjectives "जास्त" (jāst) and "लहान" (lahān) are in the comparative degree and are used to compare two nouns. "जास्त" (jāst) indicates that one noun has more of the quality described by the adjective compared to the other noun, while "लहान" (lahān) indicates that one noun is smaller in size compared to the other noun.

Superlative Degree[edit | edit source]

The superlative degree of an adjective is used to compare more than two nouns. It indicates that one noun has the highest or lowest degree of the quality described by the adjective compared to all other nouns. Here are some examples:

Marathi	Pronunciation	English
सर्वात जास्त	sarvāt jāst	the most
सर्वांचं लहान	sarvāñcaṁ lahān	the smallest
सर्वोत्कृष्ट	sarvōtkr̥ṣṭa	the best

In the examples above, the adjectives "सर्वात जास्त" (sarvāt jāst) and "सर्वांचं लहान" (sarvāñcaṁ lahān) are in the superlative degree and are used to compare more than two nouns. "सर्वात जास्त" (sarvāt jāst) indicates that one noun has the most of the quality described by the adjective compared to all other nouns, while "सर्वांचं लहान" (sarvāñcaṁ lahān) indicates that one noun is the smallest in size compared to all other nouns.

Regional Variations and Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

Marathi is a rich language with diverse regional variations. While the basic rules of using adjectives remain the same across different regions, there may be slight variations in vocabulary and usage. For example, in some regions, certain adjectives may be more commonly used or have different forms compared to other regions. Similarly, some cultural practices and beliefs may influence the choice or usage of adjectives in different contexts.

One interesting cultural fact related to adjectives in Marathi is the concept of "उभा नाका दिलेला वाक्य" (ubhā nākā dilelā vākya), which translates to "a sentence with a raised nose." This phrase is used to describe a sentence that is grammatically correct but sounds pompous or pretentious due to the excessive use of adjectives. Marathi speakers often use this phrase humorously to poke fun at someone who is trying too hard to impress others with their language skills.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now, let's put your knowledge of adjectives to the test with some practice exercises. Translate the following sentences from English to Marathi, making sure to use the appropriate form of the adjective:

1. The tall man is wearing a white shirt. 2. She has two small dogs. 3. This is the best book I have ever read. 4. The red flowers are blooming in the garden. 5. My new car is faster than his old car.

Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. उंच व्यक्ती धावपिण्यास एक वाईट कमीज घालतो. 2. तिच्याकडे दोन लहान कुत्रे आहेत. 3. ही सर्वोत्कृष्ट पुस्तक माझं कधीही वाचलेलं नाही. 4. लाल फुले बागात खुशीत खुशीत खोड़ावतात. 5. माझी नवी कार त्याच्या जुन्या कारपेक्षा जलद आहे.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we have learned about the basics of using adjectives in Marathi. We explored the concepts of agreement and comparison, and how adjectives change their form based on the gender, number, and case of the noun they describe. We also discussed some interesting cultural insights related to the usage of adjectives in Marathi. Now that you have a solid foundation in adjectives, you can start using them to add more detail and color to your Marathi sentences. Keep practicing and exploring the beautiful world of Marathi language and culture!

Table of Contents - Marathi Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Basic Greetings and Introductions

Basic Sentence Structure

Numbers and Time

Nouns and Pronouns

Common Verbs and Adjectives

Questions and Answers

Food and Dining

Marathi Festivals and Traditions

Travel and Transportation

Prepositions and Conjunctions

Family and Relationships

Marathi Literature and Cinema

Videos[edit | edit source]

English Grammar Adjective //In Marathi //All exams - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Marathi - English Grammar Adjectives part 2 - YouTube[edit | edit source]

List of adjectives in Marathi : Learn Marathi - YouTube[edit | edit source]

ENGLISH GRAMMAR -ADJECTIVE IN MARATHI - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

Template:Marathi-Page-Bottom

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Marathi-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Marathi|Marathi]]  → [[Language/Marathi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Marathi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Introduction to Marathi grammar → Adjectives</div>
+__TOC__
+== Introduction ==
-<div class="pg_page_title">Marathi Grammar - Adjectives</div>
+In this lesson, we will explore the world of adjectives in Marathi. Adjectives are an essential part of any language and play a crucial role in describing nouns. By learning adjectives, you will be able to add more detail and color to your Marathi sentences. In this lesson, we will cover the basics of adjectives, including their agreement with nouns and their comparison forms. We will also discuss any regional variations in the usage of adjectives and share interesting cultural facts related to this topic. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to use adjectives in Marathi effectively.
-Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/marathi Marathi] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn about adjectives in Marathi grammar. Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns or pronouns. For example, in the sentence "The red car is fast", the words "red" and "fast" are adjectives that describe the noun "car".
+== Basics of Adjectives ==
-Let's start with the basics about Marathi adjectives.
+Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns. In Marathi, adjectives agree with nouns in gender, number, and case. This means that the form of the adjective changes based on the gender, number, and case of the noun it is describing. Let's take a look at some examples to understand this concept better:
-== Gender and number ==
+=== Gender Agreement ===
-In Marathi, adjectives agree with the gender and number of the noun they describe. There are two genders in Marathi: masculine and feminine. The plural form applies to both genders.
-Here are some examples of how adjectives change in Marathi:
+In Marathi, nouns are classified into masculine, feminine, and neuter genders. Adjectives must agree with the gender of the noun they describe. Here are a few examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Marathi !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| शाळेतील छाती || shaaLetil chaati || School chest (masculine singular)
+| उंच || uñcha || tall (masculine)
 |-
-| शाळेतील छात्या || shaaLetil chaatya || School chests (masculine plural)
+| उंची || uñchī || tall (feminine)
+|-
+| उंच || uñcha || tall (neuter)
+|}
+As you can see in the examples above, the adjective "उंच" (uñcha) changes its form based on the gender of the noun it describes. "उंच" (uñcha) is used with masculine nouns, "उंची" (uñchī) is used with feminine nouns, and "उंच" (uñcha) is used with neuter nouns.
+=== Number Agreement ===
+Adjectives in Marathi also agree with the number of the noun they describe. This means that the form of the adjective changes based on whether the noun is singular or plural. Let's take a look at some examples:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Marathi !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| शाळेतील छातीची || shaaLetil chaatichii || School chest's (feminine singular)
+| लांब || lāmba || long (singular)
 |-
-| शाळेतील छातींची || shaaLetil chaatiinchii || School chest's (feminine plural)
+| लांबे || lāmbe || long (plural)
+|-
+| लांब || lāmba || long (neuter)
 |}
-Notice how the endings differ depending on gender and number.
+In the examples above, the adjective "लांब" (lāmba) changes its form based on the number of the noun it describes. "लांब" (lāmba) is used with singular nouns, "लांबे" (lāmbe) is used with plural nouns, and "लांब" (lāmba) is used with neuter nouns.
-== Placement of adjectives ==
+=== Case Agreement ===
-In Marathi, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe. For example, "Veg biryani" (वेज बिर्याणी) means "vegetarian biryani". Here, "veg" comes after "biryani". However, if the adjective is an abstract quality or an evaluative adjective, it may come before the noun.
-Here are some examples:
+In Marathi, adjectives also agree with the case of the noun they describe. The case of a noun indicates its role in the sentence, such as subject, object, or possessive. Let's take a look at some examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Marathi !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| माझं छात्र मुलगा || maaJha chaatra mulagaa || My student boy (masculine singular)
+| माझी नवी सुवार्ता || mājhī navī suvārtā || my new car (nominative case)
+|-
+| माझे नवे कार्यालय || mājhe nave kāryālaya || my new office (nominative case)
+|-
+| माझी नवी सुवार्ता || mājhī navī suvārtā || of my new car (genitive case)
+|}
+In the examples above, the adjectives "नवी" (navī) and "नवे" (nave) change their form based on the case of the noun they describe. "नवी" (navī) is used with singular feminine nouns in the nominative case, "नवे" (nave) is used with plural masculine nouns in the nominative case, and "नवी" (navī) is used with singular feminine nouns in the genitive case.
+== Comparison of Adjectives ==
+In addition to agreement, adjectives in Marathi can also be compared to express degrees of comparison. There are three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative. Let's explore each of these in detail:
+=== Positive Degree ===
+The positive degree of an adjective is used to simply describe a noun without any comparison. Here are some examples:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Marathi !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| सुंदर फुलांचे बाग || sundar phulaanchae baag || Beautiful flowers' garden (masculine plural)
+| छान || chān || good
 |-
-| ते वाटा जड || te vaata jad || That wind hard (feminine singular)
+| वाईट || vāīṭ || white
 |-
-| सुंदर आकाराची गाडी || sundar aakaaraachii gaadii || Beautiful shape's car (feminine singular)
+| मोठ || mōṭh || big
 |}
-== Comparative and superlative adjectives ==
+In the examples above, the adjectives "छान" (chān), "वाईट" (vāīṭ), and "मोठ" (mōṭh) are in the positive degree and simply describe the nouns without any comparison.
-In Marathi, comparatives and superlatives are formed by adding appropriate suffixes to the base form of the adjective.
-Here are some examples:
+=== Comparative Degree ===
+The comparative degree of an adjective is used to compare two nouns. It indicates that one noun has a higher or lower degree of the quality described by the adjective compared to the other noun. Here are some examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Marathi !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| जास्त ऊन || jaast oon || More warm
+| जास्त || jāst || more
+|-
+| लहान || lahān || smaller
+|-
+| जास्त || jāst || better
+|}
+In the examples above, the adjectives "जास्त" (jāst) and "लहान" (lahān) are in the comparative degree and are used to compare two nouns. "जास्त" (jāst) indicates that one noun has more of the quality described by the adjective compared to the other noun, while "लहान" (lahān) indicates that one noun is smaller in size compared to the other noun.
+=== Superlative Degree ===
+The superlative degree of an adjective is used to compare more than two nouns. It indicates that one noun has the highest or lowest degree of the quality described by the adjective compared to all other nouns. Here are some examples:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Marathi !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| आणखी ऊन || aaNkhii oon || Warmest
+| सर्वात जास्त || sarvāt jāst || the most
 |-
-| जास्त जलद || jaast jalad || Faster
+| सर्वांचं लहान || sarvāñcaṁ lahān || the smallest
 |-
-| आणखी जलद || aaNkhii jalad || Fastest
+| सर्वोत्कृष्ट || sarvōtkr̥ṣṭa || the best
 |}
-== Examples in context ==
+In the examples above, the adjectives "सर्वात जास्त" (sarvāt jāst) and "सर्वांचं लहान" (sarvāñcaṁ lahān) are in the superlative degree and are used to compare more than two nouns. "सर्वात जास्त" (sarvāt jāst) indicates that one noun has the most of the quality described by the adjective compared to all other nouns, while "सर्वांचं लहान" (sarvāñcaṁ lahān) indicates that one noun is the smallest in size compared to all other nouns.
-Let's see some examples of adjectives in context:
-Dialogue:
+== Regional Variations and Cultural Insights ==
-* Person 1: हा आवाज आवडतो ना? (haa aavaaj aavaDato naa?) Can you like this voice?
-* Person 2: हो, ही ध्वनी खूप सुंदर आहे. (ho, hii dhvani khuup sundar aahe.) Yes, this sound is very beautiful.
-In this dialogue, the adjective "sundar" (सुंदर) is used to describe the noun "dhvani" (ध्वनी), meaning "sound".
+Marathi is a rich language with diverse regional variations. While the basic rules of using adjectives remain the same across different regions, there may be slight variations in vocabulary and usage. For example, in some regions, certain adjectives may be more commonly used or have different forms compared to other regions. Similarly, some cultural practices and beliefs may influence the choice or usage of adjectives in different contexts.
-Dialogue:
+One interesting cultural fact related to adjectives in Marathi is the concept of "उभा नाका दिलेला वाक्य" (ubhā nākā dilelā vākya), which translates to "a sentence with a raised nose." This phrase is used to describe a sentence that is grammatically correct but sounds pompous or pretentious due to the excessive use of adjectives. Marathi speakers often use this phrase humorously to poke fun at someone who is trying too hard to impress others with their language skills.
-* Person 1: तुमचं घर कसं आहे? (tumach ghar kasaa aahe?) How is your house?
-* Person 2: माझं घर थोडं आहे पण विचारूक आहे. (maajha ghar thodaa aahe, pan vichaaruuk aahe.) My house is small, but well-designed.
-In this dialogue, the adjective "vichaaruuk" (विचारूक) is used before the noun "ghar" (घर), because it is an abstract quality.
+== Practice Exercises ==
+Now, let's put your knowledge of adjectives to the test with some practice exercises. Translate the following sentences from English to Marathi, making sure to use the appropriate form of the adjective:
+. The tall man is wearing a white shirt.
+. She has two small dogs.
+. This is the best book I have ever read.
+. The red flowers are blooming in the garden.
+. My new car is faster than his old car.
+=== Solutions ===
+. उंच व्यक्ती धावपिण्यास एक वाईट कमीज घालतो.
+. तिच्याकडे दोन लहान कुत्रे आहेत.
+. ही सर्वोत्कृष्ट पुस्तक माझं कधीही वाचलेलं नाही.
+. लाल फुले बागात खुशीत खुशीत खोड़ावतात.
+. माझी नवी कार त्याच्या जुन्या कारपेक्षा जलद आहे.
 == Conclusion ==
-Adjectives are an important part of Marathi grammar. Knowing how to use them will help you describe objects, people and situations effectively. To improve your [[Language/Marathi|Marathi]] [[Language/Marathi/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=83 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/marathi/question questions]!
-<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
+In this lesson, we have learned about the basics of using adjectives in Marathi. We explored the concepts of agreement and comparison, and how adjectives change their form based on the gender, number, and case of the noun they describe. We also discussed some interesting cultural insights related to the usage of adjectives in Marathi. Now that you have a solid foundation in adjectives, you can start using them to add more detail and color to your Marathi sentences. Keep practicing and exploring the beautiful world of Marathi language and culture!
 {{#seo:
-|title=Marathi Grammar - Adjectives
+|title=Marathi Grammar: Introduction to Marathi grammar: Adjectives
-|keywords=Marathi Grammar, Marathi adjectives
+|keywords=Marathi grammar, Marathi adjectives, Marathi language, Marathi vocabulary
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Marathi adjectives and how they describe or modify nouns or pronouns. Learn about gender, number, placement, and comparison in Marathi grammar.
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn the basics of using adjectives in Marathi, including their agreement and comparison forms. We will also explore any regional variations in the usage of adjectives and share interesting cultural facts related to this topic.
 }}
+{{Marathi-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
+[[Category:Course]]
+[[Category:Marathi-Course]]
+[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
+[[Category:Marathi-0-to-A1-Course]]
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 ==Videos==
@@ Line 102: / Line 170: @@
 ===ENGLISH GRAMMAR -ADJECTIVE IN MARATHI - YouTube===
 <youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrW97v8RefA</youtube>
+==Sources==
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathi_grammar Marathi grammar - Wikipedia]
+* [http://mylanguages.org/marathi_adjectives.php Marathi Adjectives]
+* [http://kaushiklele-learnmarathi.blogspot.com/2012/05/adjectives.html Adjectives in Marathi]
+==Other Lessons==
+* [[Language/Marathi/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
+* [[Language/Marathi/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
+* [[Language/Marathi/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
+* [[Language/Marathi/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
+* [[Language/Marathi/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
+* [[Language/Marathi/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
+* [[Language/Marathi/Grammar/Negation-nakaar-नकार|Negation nakaar नकार]]
+* [[Language/Marathi/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
+* [[Language/Marathi/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
 {{Marathi-Page-Bottom}}