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<div class="pg_page_title">Comprehensive Guide to Welsh Grammar: Understanding Pronouns</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">Welsh Grammar - Pronouns</div>
Hello, aspiring [https://polyglotclub.com/language/welsh Welsh] speakers! 😊<br>Today, we will delve into the captivating realm of Welsh pronouns. Pronouns serve as an integral part of any language, substituting for nouns to make our communication more concise and fluid.
Hi Welsh learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be looking at Welsh pronouns. Pronouns are words that replace nouns in a sentence. They can be used to refer to people, places, things, or ideas. Knowing how to use pronouns correctly is essential for speaking and writing Welsh fluently.  


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<span class="link">Before you proceed, you might also be interested in these related topics: [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]], [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]], [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use 'Have']], and [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]].</span>
== Introduction ==
Pronouns, known in Welsh as "atebion" or "berfefeddion," are words that replace nouns or noun phrases. This guide will primarily focus on personal pronouns, which are among the most commonly used pronouns in Welsh.


== Personal Pronouns ==
== Personal Pronouns ==
Welsh personal pronouns vary based on number, gender, and formality. Below is a table detailing these variations:


Personal pronouns are used to refer to people. In Welsh, there are two sets of personal pronouns: formal and informal.
=== Singular Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English Equivalent
|-
| i || ['i:] || I
|-
| ti || ['ti:] || you (informal)
|-
| e/o || [ɛ/ɔ] || he
|-
| hi || [hi:] || she
|}
 
=== Plural Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English Equivalent
|-
| ni || [ni:] || we
|-
| chi || [χi:] || you (plural)
|-
| nhw || [nʊ] || they
|}


=== Formal Pronouns ===
=== Formal Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English Equivalent
|-
| chi || [χi:] || you (formal)
|}


Formal pronouns are used when talking to someone you don't know well, or someone who is older than you. Here are the formal pronouns in Welsh:  
=== Examples in Context ===
Here are some examples of Welsh personal pronouns in context:


* Fi - I  
* Person 1: Dw i eisiau cig oen. (I want lamb)
* Ti - You
* Person 2: Dw i eisiau cig eidion. (I want beef)
* Ef - He
* Person 1: Dw i'n hoffi'r gath hon. (I like this cat)
* Hi - She
* Person 2: Dw i'n hoffi'r ci hwn. (I like this dog)
* Ni - We
* Chi - You (plural)  
* Nhw - They


=== Informal Pronouns ===
It is important to note that in Welsh, the verb agrees with the subject pronoun, and there is no general article ('a') in Welsh.


Informal pronouns are used when talking to someone you know well, or someone who is younger than you. Here are the informal pronouns in Welsh:  
== Possessive Pronouns ==
Possessive pronouns, known in Welsh as berfenwau eiddo, indicate ownership or possession. These pronouns must agree with the noun they modify in both number and gender. The following tables break down the different forms of possessive pronouns in Welsh:


* Mi - I
=== Singular Possessive Pronouns ===
* Ti - You
{| class="wikitable"
* E - He
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English Equivalent
* Hi - She
|-
* Ni - We
| fy || /və/ || my (singular)
* Chi - You (plural)  
|-
* Nhw - They
| dy || /də/ || your (singular, informal)
|-
| ei || /eɪ/ || his, her, its (singular)
|}


== Possessive Pronouns ==
=== Plural Possessive Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English Equivalent
|-
| ein || /n̥aɪn/ || our
|-
| eich || /eɪx/ || your (plural, informal)
|-
| eu || /eɪ/ || their
|}


Possessive pronouns are used to show ownership or possession. In Welsh, there are two sets of possessive pronouns: formal and informal.
=== Formal Possessive Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English Equivalent
|-
| eich || /eɪx/ || your (singular or plural, formal)
|}


=== Formal Possessive Pronouns ===
=== Examples in Context ===


Formal possessive pronouns are used when talking to someone you don't know well, or someone who is older than you. Here are the formal possessive pronouns in Welsh:  
Here are some examples of Welsh possessive pronouns in context:


* Fy - My  
* Person 1: Mae fy nhŷ yn y dref. (My house is in the town)
* Dy - Your
* Person 2: Mae ein tai ni ar y bryn. (Our houses are on the hill)
* Ei - His
* Person 1: Ble mae dy gar? (Where is your car?)
* Ei - Her
* Person 2: Mae eich car chi yn y garej. (Your car is in the garage)
* Ein - Our  
* Eich - Your (plural)  
* Eu - Their


=== Informal Possessive Pronouns ===
== Reflexive Pronouns ==
Reflexive pronouns in Welsh, known as berfenwau adlewyrchol, are used when the subject and object of a verb are the same. These pronouns must agree in number and gender with the noun they modify.


Informal possessive pronouns are used when talking to someone you know well, or someone who is younger than you. Here are the informal possessive pronouns in Welsh:
=== Singular Reflexive Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English Equivalent
|-
| fy hun || /və hɪn/ || myself
|-
| dy hun || /də hɪn/ || yourself (singular, informal)
|-
| ei hunan || /eɪ hɪnan/ || himself, herself, itself
|}


* Mwyn - My
=== Plural Reflexive Pronouns ===
* Dyn - Your
{| class="wikitable"
* Ei - His
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English Equivalent
* Ei - Her
|-
* Ein - Our
| ein hunain || /n̥aɪn hɪnaɪn/ || ourselves
* Eich - Your (plural)  
|-
* Eu - Their
| eich hunan || /eɪx hɪnan/ || yourselves (plural, formal)
|-
| eu hunain || /eɪ hɪnaɪn/ || themselves
|}


== Demonstrative Pronouns ==
=== Formal Reflexive Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English Equivalent
|-
| eich hunan || /eɪx hɪnan/ || yourself/yourselves (singular or plural, formal)
|}


Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out specific people, places, things, or ideas. In Welsh, there are two sets of demonstrative pronouns: formal and informal.  
=== Examples in Context ===
* Person 1: Dw i'n barod iawn ar gyfer y cyfweliad. (I am very ready for the interview)
* Person 2: Gadewch i mi drefnu'r dyddiadur ar gyfer eich hun. (Let me schedule the diary for yourself)
* Person 1: A ydych chi'n teimlo'n iawn? (Are you feeling okay?)
* Person 2: Dw i'n teimlo'n iawn fy hun. (I'm feeling okay myself)


=== Formal Demonstrative Pronouns ===
== Demonstrative Pronouns ==
Demonstrative pronouns, known as berfenwau dangosol in Welsh, help in identifying or pointing out specific people, places, or things. These pronouns must agree in number and proximity with the noun they modify.


Formal demonstrative pronouns are used when talking to someone you don't know well, or someone who is older than you. Here are the formal demonstrative pronouns in Welsh:
=== Singular Demonstrative Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English Equivalent
|-
| hwn || /huːn/ || this (masculine singular)
|-
| hon || /hɔn/ || this (feminine singular)
|-
| hwnna || /huːna/ || that (masculine singular)
|-
| honna || /hɔna/ || that (feminine singular)
|}


* Yr hwn - The one
=== Plural Demonstrative Pronouns ===
* Y rhai - Those
{| class="wikitable"
* Yr un - The same
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English Equivalent
* Y rhain - These
|-
| hyn || /hɨn/ || these
|-
| y rhain || /ə r̥ai̯n/ || these (emphatic)
|-
| y rheinau || /ə r̥aɪnaɪ/ || those
|}


=== Informal Demonstrative Pronouns ===
=== Examples in Context ===
* Person 1: Mae hwn yn ysgubor. (This is a barn)
* Person 2: Nac yw hon yn stafell haul? (Isn't this a sunny room?)
* Person 1: Mae hyn yn beth da! (These are good things!)
* Person 2: Pwy yw'r chwaraewr hwnna? (Who is that player?)


Informal demonstrative pronouns are used when talking to someone you know well, or someone who is younger than you. Here are the informal demonstrative pronouns in Welsh:
== Practice makes perfect! ==
Now that we have explored the different types of Welsh pronouns, it is important to practice and use them in context. Practice with your friends, family, or [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] friends by engaging in conversation and asking questions. Don't be afraid to make mistakes, as they are all part of the learning process. Remember to be patient with yourself and enjoy the journey!


* Yr hwnnw - The one
Remember, to improve your [[Language/Welsh|Welsh]] [[Language/Welsh/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=141 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/welsh/question questions]!
* Y rhain - Those
* Yr un - The same
* Y rhain - These


That's it for today's lesson on Welsh pronouns! We hope you have a better understanding of how to use them correctly.  
<span class='maj'></span>
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Welsh/Grammar/Pronouns Welsh/Grammar/Pronouns - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloquial_Welsh_morphology Colloquial Welsh morphology - Wikipedia]
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/learnwelsh/comments/sdwnn2/welsh_grammar_using_pronouns_with_verbnouns_i_to/ Welsh Grammar: Using pronouns with verb-nouns - { i (to) + ei / eu + ...]


<br><hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
{{#seo:
|title=Welsh Grammar - Pronouns
|keywords=Welsh grammar, Welsh personal pronouns, Possessive pronoun, Reflexive pronouns, Demonstrative pronouns
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Welsh pronouns, including personal, possessive, reflexive, and demonstrative pronouns. Improve your Welsh grammar and have fun learning.
}}


<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


==Related Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/The-article|The article]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/The-article|The article]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]


{{Welsh-Page-Bottom}}
{{Welsh-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 16:04, 25 August 2024

Welsh-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Comprehensive Guide to Welsh Grammar: Understanding Pronouns

Hello, aspiring Welsh speakers! 😊
Today, we will delve into the captivating realm of Welsh pronouns. Pronouns serve as an integral part of any language, substituting for nouns to make our communication more concise and fluid.

Before you proceed, you might also be interested in these related topics: Adjectives, Plurals, How to Use 'Have', and Conditional Mood.

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Pronouns, known in Welsh as "atebion" or "berfefeddion," are words that replace nouns or noun phrases. This guide will primarily focus on personal pronouns, which are among the most commonly used pronouns in Welsh.


Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Welsh personal pronouns vary based on number, gender, and formality. Below is a table detailing these variations:

Singular Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Welsh Pronunciation English Equivalent
i ['i:] I
ti ['ti:] you (informal)
e/o [ɛ/ɔ] he
hi [hi:] she

Plural Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Welsh Pronunciation English Equivalent
ni [ni:] we
chi [χi:] you (plural)
nhw [nʊ] they

Formal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Welsh Pronunciation English Equivalent
chi [χi:] you (formal)

Examples in Context[edit | edit source]

Here are some examples of Welsh personal pronouns in context:

  • Person 1: Dw i eisiau cig oen. (I want lamb)
  • Person 2: Dw i eisiau cig eidion. (I want beef)
  • Person 1: Dw i'n hoffi'r gath hon. (I like this cat)
  • Person 2: Dw i'n hoffi'r ci hwn. (I like this dog)

It is important to note that in Welsh, the verb agrees with the subject pronoun, and there is no general article ('a') in Welsh.

Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Possessive pronouns, known in Welsh as berfenwau eiddo, indicate ownership or possession. These pronouns must agree with the noun they modify in both number and gender. The following tables break down the different forms of possessive pronouns in Welsh:

Singular Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Welsh Pronunciation English Equivalent
fy /və/ my (singular)
dy /də/ your (singular, informal)
ei /eɪ/ his, her, its (singular)

Plural Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Welsh Pronunciation English Equivalent
ein /n̥aɪn/ our
eich /eɪx/ your (plural, informal)
eu /eɪ/ their

Formal Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Welsh Pronunciation English Equivalent
eich /eɪx/ your (singular or plural, formal)

Examples in Context[edit | edit source]

Here are some examples of Welsh possessive pronouns in context:

  • Person 1: Mae fy nhŷ yn y dref. (My house is in the town)
  • Person 2: Mae ein tai ni ar y bryn. (Our houses are on the hill)
  • Person 1: Ble mae dy gar? (Where is your car?)
  • Person 2: Mae eich car chi yn y garej. (Your car is in the garage)

Reflexive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Reflexive pronouns in Welsh, known as berfenwau adlewyrchol, are used when the subject and object of a verb are the same. These pronouns must agree in number and gender with the noun they modify.

Singular Reflexive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Welsh Pronunciation English Equivalent
fy hun /və hɪn/ myself
dy hun /də hɪn/ yourself (singular, informal)
ei hunan /eɪ hɪnan/ himself, herself, itself

Plural Reflexive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Welsh Pronunciation English Equivalent
ein hunain /n̥aɪn hɪnaɪn/ ourselves
eich hunan /eɪx hɪnan/ yourselves (plural, formal)
eu hunain /eɪ hɪnaɪn/ themselves

Formal Reflexive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Welsh Pronunciation English Equivalent
eich hunan /eɪx hɪnan/ yourself/yourselves (singular or plural, formal)

Examples in Context[edit | edit source]

  • Person 1: Dw i'n barod iawn ar gyfer y cyfweliad. (I am very ready for the interview)
  • Person 2: Gadewch i mi drefnu'r dyddiadur ar gyfer eich hun. (Let me schedule the diary for yourself)
  • Person 1: A ydych chi'n teimlo'n iawn? (Are you feeling okay?)
  • Person 2: Dw i'n teimlo'n iawn fy hun. (I'm feeling okay myself)

Demonstrative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Demonstrative pronouns, known as berfenwau dangosol in Welsh, help in identifying or pointing out specific people, places, or things. These pronouns must agree in number and proximity with the noun they modify.

Singular Demonstrative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Welsh Pronunciation English Equivalent
hwn /huːn/ this (masculine singular)
hon /hɔn/ this (feminine singular)
hwnna /huːna/ that (masculine singular)
honna /hɔna/ that (feminine singular)

Plural Demonstrative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Welsh Pronunciation English Equivalent
hyn /hɨn/ these
y rhain /ə r̥ai̯n/ these (emphatic)
y rheinau /ə r̥aɪnaɪ/ those

Examples in Context[edit | edit source]

  • Person 1: Mae hwn yn ysgubor. (This is a barn)
  • Person 2: Nac yw hon yn stafell haul? (Isn't this a sunny room?)
  • Person 1: Mae hyn yn beth da! (These are good things!)
  • Person 2: Pwy yw'r chwaraewr hwnna? (Who is that player?)

Practice makes perfect![edit | edit source]

Now that we have explored the different types of Welsh pronouns, it is important to practice and use them in context. Practice with your friends, family, or Polyglot Club friends by engaging in conversation and asking questions. Don't be afraid to make mistakes, as they are all part of the learning process. Remember to be patient with yourself and enjoy the journey!

Remember, to improve your Welsh Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources[edit | edit source]

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


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