Difference between revisions of "Language/Shona/Grammar/Negation"

Latest revision as of 21:27, 27 March 2023

Shona Grammar - Negation

Hi Shona learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about negation in Shona. Negation is the opposite of affirmation, meaning to say "no" or to deny something. It is an essential part of Shona grammar that you need to understand to express yourself correctly in everyday conversations. Let's get started!

Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: Learn about Gender in Shona Grammar, Adjectives and Adverbs, Conditional Mood & Pronouns.

Negation particles[edit | edit source]

In Shona, negation is expressed by using particles that are placed before the verb. The most common negation particles are "ha-" and "si-".

"Ha-" is used to negate present and future tense verbs, while "si-" is used to negate past tense verbs.

Examples[edit | edit source]

Shona	English	Affirmative	Negative
Ndinofara.	I am happy.	Ndi(no)-, -no-, -fa-, -ra.	Handifari(no), -no-, -fa-, -ra.
Utakhala pano.	You will cry here.	U-, -ta-, -khala, -pa-, -no.	Hatutakhale(no), -no-, -khala, -pa-, -no.
Taitenderera.	We listened.	Ta-, -i-, -ten-, -dera.	Sitaitenderi(no), -no-, -ten-, -dera.

Double Negation[edit | edit source]

In Shona, Double Negation is possible. This happens when two negation particles are used in a sentence. This is grammatically correct in Shona but redundant in English.

Examples[edit | edit source]

Shona	English
Handifari.	I'm not happy.
Handinoziva.	I don't know.
Handichadi.	I don't want.
Haana kupa mari.	He/She didn't give me money.
Hatirozhari.	We're not worrying.

Word order[edit | edit source]

In Shona, the word order of the sentence is subject, verb, object (SVO) whether affirmative or negative.

Examples[edit | edit source]

Affirmative:

Mainini (subject) aenda (verb) kumusha (object). - Aunt went to the village.
Simba (subject) akamubata (verb) musikana (object). - Simba caught a girl.

Negative:

Mainini (subject) haendi (verb) kumusha (object). - Aunt does not go to the village.
Simba (subject) sakamubati (verb) musikana (object). - Simba did not catch a girl.

Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Person 1: Ndakange ndafunga kuti toda kuchengeta gotsi yakakomana.
Person 2: Hapana, handisi kutsigira zvakanaka.
Person 1: Zvino haudzokere panonetsa.
Person 2: Senge ndinoona drama muchini mangu.

Person 1: Ndakuda kudya sadza nehuku yakanaka.
Person 2: Kukwirana. Handikude,i huku. Let’s go eat sadza yeMacimbi.
Person 1: Handina mari kuenda pakarepo.
Person 2: Sisi, handidi kuvhuririra mana. Enda unoshopera pamusana apo, tomuona Mari kuti akazoti anotipa.

Cultural Tips[edit | edit source]

- In Shona culture people often use double negatives for emphasis. - In Shona culture, it is important to greet people and ask how they are doing before proceeding to major topics. - Elders in Shona culture are treated with respect, and you should use "Mudhara/Muroora" to address them.

To improve your Shona Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 <div class="pg_page_title">Shona Grammar - Negation</div>
-Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/shona Shona] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will be discussing the basics of negation in Shona. Negation is an important part of any language, and it is essential to understand how to use it correctly in order to communicate effectively. We will look at the different ways to express negation in Shona, as well as some examples of how to use them. So let's get started! __TOC__
-==Negation in Shona==
+Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/shona Shona] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn about negation in Shona. Negation is the opposite of affirmation, meaning to say "no" or to deny something. It is an essential part of Shona grammar that you need to understand to express yourself correctly in everyday conversations. Let's get started!
-Negation in Shona is expressed using a variety of words and phrases. The most common way to express negation is by using the word "hazvina" (pronounced /hɑzˈviːnɑ/), which means "no" or "not". This word can be used to negate both verbs and nouns. For example:
+__TOC__
+<span link>Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Gender|Learn about Gender in Shona Grammar]], [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Descriptive-Adjectives|Adjectives and Adverbs]], [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]] & [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]].</span>
+== Negation particles ==
+In Shona, negation is expressed by using particles that are placed before the verb. The most common negation particles are "ha-" and "si-".
+"Ha-" is used to negate present and future tense verbs, while "si-" is used to negate past tense verbs.
+=== Examples ===
 {| class="wikitable"
+! Shona !! English !! Affirmative !! Negative
 |-
-! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
+| Ndinofara. || I am happy. || Ndi(no)-, -no-, -fa-, -ra. || Handifari(no), -no-, -fa-, -ra.
-|-
-| Hazvina kuenda || /hɑzˈviːnɑ kuˈɛndɑ/ || I'm not going
-|-
-| Hazvina mukadzi || /hɑzˈviːnɑ muˈkɑdzi/ || He's not a woman
 |-
-| Hazvina nyama || /hɑzˈviːnɑ ˈnyɑmɑ/ || It's not meat
+| Utakhala pano. || You will cry here. || U-, -ta-, -khala, -pa-, -no. || Hatutakhale(no), -no-, -khala, -pa-, -no.
 |-
-| Hazvina zvakanaka || /hɑzˈviːnɑ zvɑkɑˈnɑkɑ/ || It's not good
+| Taitenderera. || We listened. || Ta-, -i-, -ten-, -dera. || Sitaitenderi(no), -no-, -ten-, -dera.
 |}
-Another way to express negation in Shona is by using the phrase "hazvina kana" (pronounced /hɑzˈviːnɑ kɑˈnɑ/), which means "not even". This phrase is used to emphasize the negation of a statement. For example:
+== Double Negation ==
+In Shona, Double Negation is possible. This happens when two negation particles are used in a sentence. This is grammatically correct in Shona but redundant in English.
+=== Examples ===
 {| class="wikitable"
+! Shona !! English
 |-
-! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
+| Handifari. || I'm not happy.
 |-
-| Hazvina kana kuenda || /hɑzˈviːnɑ kɑˈnɑ kuˈɛndɑ/ || I'm not even going
+| Handinoziva. || I don't know.
 |-
-| Hazvina kana mukadzi || /hɑzˈviːnɑ kɑˈnɑ muˈkɑdzi/ || He's not even a woman
+| Handichadi. || I don't want.
 |-
-| Hazvina kana nyama || /hɑzˈviːnɑ kɑˈnɑ ˈnyɑmɑ/ || It's not even meat
+| Haana kupa mari. || He/She didn't give me money.
 |-
-| Hazvina kana zvakanaka || /hɑzˈviːnɑ kɑˈnɑ zvɑkɑˈnɑkɑ/ || It's not even good
+| Hatirozhari. || We're not worrying.
 |}
-Finally, negation can also be expressed using the phrase "hazvina chokwadi" (pronounced /hɑzˈviːnɑ tʃokˈwɑdi/), which means "it's not true". This phrase is used to deny the truth of a statement. For example:
+== Word order ==
+In Shona, the word order of the sentence is subject, verb, object (SVO) whether affirmative or negative.
+=== Examples ===
+Affirmative:
+* Mainini (subject) aenda (verb) kumusha (object). - Aunt went to the village.
+* Simba (subject) akamubata (verb) musikana (object). - Simba caught a girl.
+Negative:
+* Mainini (subject) haendi (verb) kumusha (object). - Aunt does not go to the village.
+* Simba (subject) sakamubati (verb) musikana (object). - Simba did not catch a girl.
+== Dialogue ==
-{| class="wikitable"
+* Person 1: Ndakange ndafunga kuti toda kuchengeta gotsi yakakomana.
-|-
+* Person 2: Hapana, handisi kutsigira zvakanaka.
-! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
+* Person 1: Zvino haudzokere panonetsa.
-|-
+* Person 2: Senge ndinoona drama muchini mangu.
-| Hazvina chokwadi kuenda || /hɑzˈviːnɑ tʃokˈwɑdi kuˈɛndɑ/ || It's not true that I'm going
-|-
+* Person 1: Ndakuda kudya sadza nehuku yakanaka.
-| Hazvina chokwadi mukadzi || /hɑzˈviːnɑ tʃokˈwɑdi muˈkɑdzi/ || It's not true that he's a woman
+* Person 2: Kukwirana. Handikude,i huku. Let’s go eat sadza yeMacimbi.
-|-
+* Person 1: Handina mari kuenda pakarepo.
-| Hazvina chokwadi nyama || /hɑzˈviːnɑ tʃokˈwɑdi ˈnyɑmɑ/ || It's not true that it's meat
+* Person 2: Sisi, handidi kuvhuririra mana. Enda unoshopera pamusana apo, tomuona Mari kuti akazoti anotipa.
-|-
-| Hazvina chokwadi zvakanaka || /hɑzˈviːnɑ tʃokˈwɑdi zvɑkɑˈnɑkɑ/ || It's not true that it's good
+== Cultural Tips ==
-|}
+- In Shona culture people often use double negatives for emphasis.
+- In Shona culture, it is important to greet people and ask how they are doing before proceeding to major topics.
+- Elders in Shona culture are treated with respect, and you should use "Mudhara/Muroora" to address them.
-==Conclusion==
+To improve your [[Language/Shona|Shona]] [[Language/Shona/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=111 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/shona/question questions]!
-In this lesson, we have looked at the different ways to express negation in Shona. We have seen that the most common way to express negation is by using the word "hazvina", but that there are other ways to express negation as well. We have also seen some examples of how to use these words and phrases in context.
-Now that you have a better understanding of negation in Shona, why not try using it in your own conversations? You can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website to find native speakers and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/shona/question questions] you may have about Shona grammar.
+<span class='maj'></span>
+==Sources==
+* [http://learn101.org/shona_grammar.php Shona Grammar | LEARN101.ORG]
+* [http://waltercommons.digital.conncoll.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Shona-Textbook.pdf Shona-Textbook.pdf]
-<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shona_grammar Shona Grammar wikipedia]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe Zimbabwe wikipedia]
+{{#seo:
+|title=Shona Grammar - Negation
+|keywords=Shona, Negation, particles, double negation, SVO, Shona culture
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn about negation in Shona. Negation is an essential part of Shona grammar that you need to understand to express yourself correctly in everyday conversations. Learn about particles, double negation, and cultural tips in this guide.
+}}
-==Related Lessons==
+==Other Lessons==
-* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
+* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
+* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
 * [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
+* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
 * [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
+* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
+* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
+* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
 * [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
-* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
-* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
 {{Shona-Page-Bottom}}
+<span links></span>

Difference between revisions of "Language/Shona/Grammar/Negation"

Latest revision as of 21:27, 27 March 2023

Contents

Negation particles[edit | edit source]

Examples[edit | edit source]

Double Negation[edit | edit source]

Examples[edit | edit source]

Word order[edit | edit source]

Examples[edit | edit source]

Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Cultural Tips[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

Navigation menu

Difference between revisions of "Language/Shona/Grammar/Negation"

Latest revision as of 21:27, 27 March 2023

Negation particles[edit | edit source]

Examples[edit | edit source]

Double Negation[edit | edit source]

Examples[edit | edit source]

Word order[edit | edit source]

Examples[edit | edit source]

Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Cultural Tips[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

Navigation menu

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