Difference between revisions of "Language/Afar/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation"
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(Created page with "{| class="wikitable" !Letter |A a |B b |T t |S s |E e |C c |K k |X x |I i |D d |Q q |R r |F f |G g |O o |L l |M m |N n |U u |W w |H h |Y y |- !IPA |[ʌ] |[e] |[i] |[o] |[u] |[...") |
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[[File:Afar-Language-PolyglotClub.jpg|thumb]] | |||
Following the completion of this lesson, consider taking a look at these associated topics: [[Language/Afar/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-Week|Days of the Week]], [[Language/Afar/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use "Have"]]. | |||
__TOC__ | |||
==Letters== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Letter | !'''Letter''' | ||
!'''Name''' | |||
!'''IPA''' | |||
|- | |||
|A a | |A a | ||
|a | |||
|[ʌ] | |||
|- | |||
|B b | |B b | ||
|ba | |||
|[b] | |||
|- | |||
|T t | |T t | ||
|ta | |||
|[t] | |||
|- | |||
|S s | |S s | ||
|sa | |||
|[s] | |||
|- | |||
|E e | |E e | ||
|e | |||
|[e] | |||
|- | |||
|C c | |C c | ||
|ca | |||
|[ħ] | |||
|- | |||
|K k | |K k | ||
|ka | |||
|[k] | |||
|- | |||
|X x | |X x | ||
|xa | |||
|[ɖ] | |||
|- | |||
|I i | |I i | ||
|i | |||
|[i] | |||
|- | |||
|D d | |D d | ||
|da | |||
|[d] | |||
|- | |||
|Q q | |Q q | ||
|qa | |||
|[ʕ] | |||
|- | |||
|R r | |R r | ||
|ra | |||
|[r] | |||
|- | |||
|F f | |F f | ||
|fa | |||
|[f] | |||
|- | |||
|G g | |G g | ||
|ga | |||
|[g] | |||
|- | |||
|O o | |O o | ||
|o | |||
|[o] | |||
|- | |||
|L l | |L l | ||
|la | |||
|[l] | |||
|- | |||
|M m | |M m | ||
|ma | |||
|[m] | |||
|- | |||
|N n | |N n | ||
|na | |||
|[n] | |||
|- | |||
|U u | |U u | ||
|u | |||
|[u] | |||
|- | |||
|W w | |W w | ||
|wa | |||
|[w] | |||
|- | |||
|H h | |H h | ||
|ha | |||
|[h] | |||
|- | |||
|Y y | |Y y | ||
|ya | |||
|[j] | |||
|} | |||
== Consonants == | |||
The consonants of the Afar language in the standard orthography are listed below (with IPA notation in brackets): | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
!Labial | |||
!Alveolar | |||
!Retroflex | |||
!Palatal | |||
!Velar | |||
!Pharyngeal | |||
!Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Stops | |||
!voiceless | |||
| | |||
| '''t''' [t] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''k''' [k] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!voiced | |||
| '''b''' [b] | |||
| '''d''' [d] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''g''' [ɡ] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Fricatives | |||
!voiceless | |||
| '''f''' [f] | |||
| '''s''' [s] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''c''' [ħ] | |||
| '''h''' [h] | |||
|- | |||
!voiced | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''q''' [ʕ] | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Nasals | |||
| '''m''' [m] | |||
| '''n''' [n] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! colspan="2" |Approximants | ||
| | | '''w''' [w] | ||
|[ | | '''l''' [l] | ||
|[ | | | ||
| | | '''y''' [j] | ||
|[ | | | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | |- | ||
| | ! colspan="2" |Tap | ||
| | | | ||
| | | '''r''' [ɾ] | ||
| | | '''x''' [ɖ] | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
| | |||
|[ | | | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
Voiceless stop consonants which close syllables are released, e.g., [ʌkʰˈme]. | |||
==Vowels== | |||
===Long Vowels=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |||
!Long vowel | !Long vowel | ||
|aa | |aa | ||
|ee | |ee | ||
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|oo | |oo | ||
|uu | |uu | ||
|- | |||
!IPA | !IPA | ||
|[aː] | |[aː] | ||
|[eː] | |[eː] | ||
Line 64: | Line 194: | ||
|[uː] | |[uː] | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== stress === | |||
==== ''short'' ==== | |||
:* '''a''' [ʌ] | |||
:* '''e''' [e] | |||
:* '''i''' [i] | |||
:* '''o''' [o] | |||
:* '''u''' [u] | |||
==== ''long'' ==== | |||
:* '''aa''' [aː] | |||
:* '''ee''' [eː] | |||
:* '''ii''' [iː] | |||
:* '''oo''' [oː] | |||
:* '''uu''' [uː] | |||
Sentence final vowels of affirmative verbs are aspirated (and stressed), e.g. '''''abeh''''' = /aˈbeʰ/ 'He did.' Sentence final vowels of negative verbs are not aspirated (nor stressed), e.g. '''''maabinna''''' = /ˈmaabinna/ 'He did not do.' Sentence final vowels of interrogative verbs are lengthened (and stressed), e.g. '''''abee?''''' = /aˈbeː/ 'Did he do?' Otherwise, stress in word-final. | |||
== Sources == | |||
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afar_language | |||
[[Category:Alphabet-and-Pronunciation]] | |||
<span links></span> |
Latest revision as of 19:36, 26 March 2023
Following the completion of this lesson, consider taking a look at these associated topics: Days of the Week, How to Use "Have".
Letters[edit | edit source]
Letter | Name | IPA |
---|---|---|
A a | a | [ʌ] |
B b | ba | [b] |
T t | ta | [t] |
S s | sa | [s] |
E e | e | [e] |
C c | ca | [ħ] |
K k | ka | [k] |
X x | xa | [ɖ] |
I i | i | [i] |
D d | da | [d] |
Q q | qa | [ʕ] |
R r | ra | [r] |
F f | fa | [f] |
G g | ga | [g] |
O o | o | [o] |
L l | la | [l] |
M m | ma | [m] |
N n | na | [n] |
U u | u | [u] |
W w | wa | [w] |
H h | ha | [h] |
Y y | ya | [j] |
Consonants[edit | edit source]
The consonants of the Afar language in the standard orthography are listed below (with IPA notation in brackets):
Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stops | voiceless | t [t] | k [k] | |||||
voiced | b [b] | d [d] | g [ɡ] | |||||
Fricatives | voiceless | f [f] | s [s] | c [ħ] | h [h] | |||
voiced | q [ʕ] | |||||||
Nasals | m [m] | n [n] | ||||||
Approximants | w [w] | l [l] | y [j] | |||||
Tap | r [ɾ] | x [ɖ] |
Voiceless stop consonants which close syllables are released, e.g., [ʌkʰˈme].
Vowels[edit | edit source]
Long Vowels[edit | edit source]
Long vowel | aa | ee | ii | oo | uu |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IPA | [aː] | [eː] | [iː] | [oː] | [uː] |
stress[edit | edit source]
short[edit | edit source]
- a [ʌ]
- e [e]
- i [i]
- o [o]
- u [u]
long[edit | edit source]
- aa [aː]
- ee [eː]
- ii [iː]
- oo [oː]
- uu [uː]
Sentence final vowels of affirmative verbs are aspirated (and stressed), e.g. abeh = /aˈbeʰ/ 'He did.' Sentence final vowels of negative verbs are not aspirated (nor stressed), e.g. maabinna = /ˈmaabinna/ 'He did not do.' Sentence final vowels of interrogative verbs are lengthened (and stressed), e.g. abee? = /aˈbeː/ 'Did he do?' Otherwise, stress in word-final.
Sources[edit | edit source]