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| '''The History of French Language'''
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| The origins of French
| | '''History of French language''' |
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| In the first century AD, after 800 years of war, the Roman Empire stretched from Egypt to England, from Asia Minor to Spain and Germany to North Africa.
| | == Gallo Romance: 2nd BC - 8th AD == |
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| Latin was the official language and all the logistical and human resources were used to carry the Latin language deep into the empire. After a long period of bilingualism, the defeated nations adopted the Latin. | | French is known as one of the romance languages coming from Latin, the language of ancient Rome. |
| | It was referred to as "Vulgar Latin". |
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| During the first century, the Latin spoken by the officials, the soldiers and the Roman colonists gradually changed. This new Latin with its regional colorations gradually became the most important language and was then used for writing official religious and civil documents. It defeated the classical Latin which was kept for the aristocracy and schools.
| | == Old French: 9th - 13th Centuries== |
| | A new language began to immerge. It was a mixture of Gaulish/Celtic and Germanic words with a strong Latin basis. |
| | This French was know as "Old French" which developped into regional dialects: Langue d'Oïl and Langue d'Oc. |
| | These dialects included "Le Francien" (around Paris), "Breton" (Brittany), "Le Picard" (Picardie) and "Occitan" (Southern France). |
| | The dialect of Paris actually became the law during the French Revolution and Le Francien soon became the standard for French. |
| | The first record of Old French is Le Serment de Strasbourg (the Oaths of Strasbourg) in 842 telling the story of Louis le Germanique and Charles Le Chauve. It is the birth of the French language because all written documents previously were written only in Latin. The Oaths had to be written in a language all soldiers could understand. This document can be considered "French" although we find this name applied to the language only to the twelfth century. |
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| Over the centuries this language mix continued to evolve and as the written Latin remained intact, spoken languages which were about to become French, Italian, Spanish, Catalan, etc., were formed slowly. It is in this sense we speak of the Romance languages.
| | == Middle French: 14th - 16th Centuries == |
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| In Gaul they were found in two dialects:
| | "Old French" evolved into "Middle French". It was a more refined language, with many words and expressions borrowed from Italian, Greek or Latin. |
| | French was also beginning to replace Latin in the publications of administration. |
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| -the language of oil: dialects north of the Loire | | == Modern French: 17th Century - Modern Day == |
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| -The Occitan language: dialects south of the Loire
| | By the 17th century, "Modern French" began to grow. |
| | Cardinal Richelieu created "l'Académie Française" (the French Academy) in 1635 with the aim of preserving the language from foreign influences and to encourage people to develop French literature. The Academy will create the first dictionary of the French language as well as grammar books. The French language started to flourish and started to be spoken all over the world until becoming the language of international diplomacy. |
| | However English quickly gained its place in the international arena and still is the international language of communication. |
| | Nowedays, French however continues to play an important role as the language of international institutions. |
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| Then the Romance languages ??have distinguished themselves more and more to become really distinct while retaining many common elements.
| | == French Today == |
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| The French language does not yet exist. It was not proven that in the ninth century and then was called "rustic language '(or vulgar language, vulgus: meaning" people "). Thus it was called at the Council of Tours in 813.
| | In today's world, French is considered as the second "Global Language" after English. |
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| Arguably the Oaths of Strasbourg (842) recounting the story of Louis the German and Charles the Bald alliance against Lothair (their brother) are the birth of the French (or Frankish) because all written documents previously were written only in Latin. The Oaths, they were written and for all the soldiers could understand that language.
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| The document can be considered "French" although we find this name applied to the language only to the twelfth century.
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| For political reasons in the 10th century, Hugues Capet, King of France imposes its dialect French as a national language but the language of administration and religious remains Latin
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| It was only in 1539 that François 1st impose French as the legal and administrative language. Latin remains to religious language
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| In the 17th century, in 1634 Cardinal Richelieu will base the French Academy who will create the first dictionary of the French language as well as grammar books.
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| Google Translate for Business:Translator ToolkitWebsite TranslatorGlobal Market Finder
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| Les origines du français
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| Au Ier siècle de notre ère, après 800 ans de guerre, l’empire romain s’étendait de l’Egypte à l’Angleterre, de l’Asie mineure à l’Espagne et de la Germanie à l’Afrique du nord.
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| Le latin de César et de Cicéron était la langue officielle et tous les moyens logistiques et humains étaient utilisés pour le porter jusqu’au fin fond de l’empire. Après une longue période de bilinguisme, les nations vaincues adoptèrent la langue latine.
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| Mais ce latin parlé par les fonctionnaires, les soldats, les colons romains au contact des autochtones assimilés, se différencia peu à peu du latin classique du premier siècle. Progressivement ce latin populaire dont les colorations régionales étaient très importantes fut employé pour la rédaction des actes publics et d'une foule de documents religieux ou civils. Il allait triompher définitivement du latin classique qui restait réservé à l'aristocratie et aux écoles.
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| Au cours des siècles le mixage des langues continua d’évoluer et pendant que le latin écrit restait intact, les langues parlées, qui allaient devenir le français, l'italien, l'espagnol, le catalan, etc., se formaient lentement. C'est en ce sens qu'on parle des langues romanes.
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| En Gaule on les trouvait sous forme de deux dialectes:
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| -la langue d'oïl : dialectes parlés au nord de la Loire
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| -la langue d'oc : dialectes parlés au sud de la Loire
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| Puis ces langues romanes se sont distinguées de plus en plus pour devenir réellement distinctes tout en conservant de nombreux éléments communs.
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| La langue française n'existait pas encore. Elle ne fut attestée qu'au IXe siècle et portait alors le nom de «langue rustique» (ou langue vulgaire, de vulgus : qui signifiait «peuple»). C'est ainsi qu'elle était appelée lors du Concile de Tours en 813.
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| On peut affirmer que les Serments de Strasbourg (842) relatant L'histoire de Louis le Germanique et Charles Le chauve s'alliant contre Lothaire (leur frère) constituent l'acte de naissance du français (ou francien) parce que tous les documents écrits antérieurement étaient rédigés uniquement en latin. Les Serments, eux, furent écrits ainsi car tous les soldats pouvaient comprendre cette langue.
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| Le document peut donc être considéré comme du «français», bien que l'on trouvera ce nom appliqué à la langue seulement vers le XIIe siècle.
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| Pour des raisons politiques au 10e siècle, Hugues Capet, roi de France impose son dialecte le français comme langue nationale mais la langue administrative et religieuse reste toujours le latin
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| Ce n'est qu'en 1539 que François 1er imposera le français comme langue juridique et administrative. Le latin restera pour langue religieuse
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| Au 17ème siècle, en l’année 1634 le Cardinal de Richelieu fondera l'Académie Française qui donnera naissance au premier dictionnaire de la langue française ainsi qu’à des livres de grammaire.
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History of French language
Gallo Romance: 2nd BC - 8th AD[edit | edit source]
French is known as one of the romance languages coming from Latin, the language of ancient Rome.
It was referred to as "Vulgar Latin".
Old French: 9th - 13th Centuries[edit | edit source]
A new language began to immerge. It was a mixture of Gaulish/Celtic and Germanic words with a strong Latin basis.
This French was know as "Old French" which developped into regional dialects: Langue d'Oïl and Langue d'Oc.
These dialects included "Le Francien" (around Paris), "Breton" (Brittany), "Le Picard" (Picardie) and "Occitan" (Southern France).
The dialect of Paris actually became the law during the French Revolution and Le Francien soon became the standard for French.
The first record of Old French is Le Serment de Strasbourg (the Oaths of Strasbourg) in 842 telling the story of Louis le Germanique and Charles Le Chauve. It is the birth of the French language because all written documents previously were written only in Latin. The Oaths had to be written in a language all soldiers could understand. This document can be considered "French" although we find this name applied to the language only to the twelfth century.
Middle French: 14th - 16th Centuries[edit | edit source]
"Old French" evolved into "Middle French". It was a more refined language, with many words and expressions borrowed from Italian, Greek or Latin.
French was also beginning to replace Latin in the publications of administration.
Modern French: 17th Century - Modern Day[edit | edit source]
By the 17th century, "Modern French" began to grow.
Cardinal Richelieu created "l'Académie Française" (the French Academy) in 1635 with the aim of preserving the language from foreign influences and to encourage people to develop French literature. The Academy will create the first dictionary of the French language as well as grammar books. The French language started to flourish and started to be spoken all over the world until becoming the language of international diplomacy.
However English quickly gained its place in the international arena and still is the international language of communication.
Nowedays, French however continues to play an important role as the language of international institutions.
In today's world, French is considered as the second "Global Language" after English.