Difference between revisions of "Language/Bashkir/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation"

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== Vowels ==
Bashkort has nine native vowel phonemes, i.e., sounds that differentiate word meaning. Two additional vowel phonemes occur only in loanwords. There is a contrast between unrounded and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounded_vowel rounded] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_vowel front] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_vowel back] vowels. Rounded vowels are produced with rounded protruding lips. All mid vowels in the language are reduced. All word-initial vowels are preceded by a glottal stop /ʔ/, i.e., a glottal catch that occurs in English in such words as ''uh-oh''. There is no standardized system for transliterating Bashkir using the Latin alphabet.
{| class="wikitable"
!
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_vowel Front]
!
! colspan="2" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_vowel Back]
|-
|
|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unrounded_vowel Unrounded]
|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounded_vowel Rounded]
|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unrounded_vowel Unrounded]
|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounded_vowel Rounded]
|-
|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_vowel Close]
|i
|y
|ɯ
|u
|-
|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_vowel Close-mid]
|e
|ø
|
|o
|-
|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_vowel Open]
|æ
|
|a
|
|}
* /i/ = ''ee'' in ''beet''
* /e/ = ''e'' in ''bait''
* /y/ = second vowel in ''statue''
* /ø/ has no equivalent in English
* /æ/ = ''a'' in ''bat''
* /ɯ/ has no equivalent in English
* /u/ = ''oo'' in ''boot''
* /o/ = ''o'' in ''bow'' 
== Consonants ==
Bashkort has 28 consonant phonemes, i.e., sounds that differentiate word meaning. Some of them occur exclusively in Russian loanwords.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilabial_consonant Bilabial]
!Labiodental
!Interdental
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_dental_stop Dental]
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_consonant Alveolar]
!Postalveolar
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatal_consonant Palatal]
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velar_consonant Velar]
!Uvular
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottal_consonant Glottal]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_consonant Stops]
|voiceless
|p
|
|
|t
|
|
|
|k
|q
|ʔ
|-
|voiced
|b
|
|
|d
|
|
|
|g
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricative_consonant Fricatives]
|voiceless
|
|f
|θ
|
|s
|ʃ
|
|x
|
|h
|-
|voiced
|
|v
|ð
|
|z
|ʒ
|
|ɣ
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |Affricates
|voiceless
|
|
|
|(ts)
|
|tʃ
|
|
|
|
|-
|voiced
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="2" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_consonant Nasals]
|m
|
|
|n
|
|
|
|ŋ
|
|
|-
| colspan="2" |Tap
|
|
|
|
|ɾ
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="2" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_approximant Lateral]
|
|
|
|
|l
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="2" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximant Approximant]
|w
|
|
|z
|z
|
|j
|z
|
|z
|}
* /q/ has no equivalent in English
* /ʔ/ = glottal catch between syllables in ''uh-oh''
* /x, ɣ/ have no equivalents in English
* /θ/ = ''th'' in ''thin''
* /ð/ = ''th'' in ''those''
* /ʃ/ = ''sh'' in ''shop''
* /ʒ/ = ''s'' in ''measure''
* /tʃ/ = ''ch'' in ''chop''
* /ŋ/ = ''ng'' in ''song''
* /j/ = ''y'' in ''yet''
* /j̃/ has no equivalent in English 
==== Stress ====
Stress in Bashkort words is normally placed on the final syllable of the word. The placement of the original stress in loanwords is usually preserved.


==Sounds table==
==Sounds table==
{| class=wikitable
{| class="wikitable"
|+Cyrillic
|+Cyrillic
!Letter
!Letter

Revision as of 14:03, 2 January 2021

Vowels

Bashkort has nine native vowel phonemes, i.e., sounds that differentiate word meaning. Two additional vowel phonemes occur only in loanwords. There is a contrast between unrounded and rounded front and back vowels. Rounded vowels are produced with rounded protruding lips. All mid vowels in the language are reduced. All word-initial vowels are preceded by a glottal stop /ʔ/, i.e., a glottal catch that occurs in English in such words as uh-oh. There is no standardized system for transliterating Bashkir using the Latin alphabet.

Front Back
Unrounded Rounded Unrounded Rounded
Close i y ɯ u
Close-mid e ø o
Open æ a
  • /i/ = ee in beet
  • /e/ = e in bait
  • /y/ = second vowel in statue
  • /ø/ has no equivalent in English
  • /æ/ = a in bat
  • /ɯ/ has no equivalent in English
  • /u/ = oo in boot
  • /o/ = o in bow 

Consonants

Bashkort has 28 consonant phonemes, i.e., sounds that differentiate word meaning. Some of them occur exclusively in Russian loanwords.

Bilabial Labiodental Interdental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Stops voiceless p t k q ʔ
voiced b d g
Fricatives voiceless f θ s ʃ x h
voiced v ð z ʒ ɣ
Affricates voiceless (ts) tʃ
voiced
Nasals m n ŋ
Tap ɾ
Lateral l
Approximant w z z j z z
  • /q/ has no equivalent in English
  • /ʔ/ = glottal catch between syllables in uh-oh
  • /x, ɣ/ have no equivalents in English
  • /θ/ = th in thin
  • /ð/ = th in those
  • /ʃ/ = sh in shop
  • /ʒ/ = s in measure
  • /tʃ/ = ch in chop
  • /ŋ/ = ng in song
  • /j/ = y in yet
  • /j̃/ has no equivalent in English 

Stress

Stress in Bashkort words is normally placed on the final syllable of the word. The placement of the original stress in loanwords is usually preserved.

Sounds table

Cyrillic
Letter Name IPA
А а а [ɑ], [a]
Б б бэ [b]
В в вэ [w], [v]
Г г гэ [ɡ]
Ғ ғ ғы [ʁ]
Д д дэ [d]
Ҙ ҙ ҙ [ð]
Е е йе [e], [je], [jɪ̞], [ɪ̞]
Ё ё йо [jo]
Ж ж жэ [ʒ]
З з зэ [z]
И и и [i]
Й й ҡыҫҡа и [j]
К к ка [k]
Ҡ ҡ ҡы [q]
Л л эль [l]
М м эм [m]
Н н эн [n]
Ң ң эң [ŋ]
О о о [o]
Ө ө ө [ø]
П п пэ [p]
Р р эр [r]
С с эс [s]
Ҫ ҫ ҫэ [θ]
Т т тэ [t]
У у у [u], [w]
Ү ү ү [y]
Ф ф эф [f]
Х х ха [χ]
Һ һ һа [h]
Ц ц цэ [t͡s]
Ч ч чэ [tɕ]
Ш ш ша [ʂ]
Щ щ ща [ɕ]
Ъ ъ ҡатылыҡ билдәһе
Ы ы ы [ɯ], [ɨ]
Ь ь йомшаҡлыҡ билдәһе [ʲ]
Э э э [ɪ̞], [e]
Ә ә ә [æ]
Ю ю йу [ju]
Я я йа [jɑ], [ja]
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