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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Rundi/Vocabulary/Days-and-Months|◀️ Days and Months — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Rundi/Grammar/Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️]]
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{{Rundi-Page-Top}}
{{Rundi-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Rundi|Rundi]]  → [[Language/Rundi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Present Tense</div>
Welcome to our lesson on the '''Present Tense''' in Rundi! Understanding how to express actions happening now is fundamental in any language, and Rundi is no different. As you begin your journey into the Rundi language, mastering the present tense will enable you to communicate effectively about daily activities, feelings, and experiences.
In this lesson, we will explore the following key aspects:
* '''Structure of the Present Tense''': How Rundi verbs are formed in the present tense.
* '''Conjugation of Common Verbs''': Examples showing how to conjugate different verbs.
* '''Usage in Sentences''': How to construct meaningful sentences using the present tense.
* '''Practice Exercises''': Opportunities to practice what you’ve learned.


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Rundi|Rundi]]  → [[Language/Rundi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense</div>
By the end of this lesson, you’ll have a solid foundation in using the present tense in Rundi. Let's dive in!


__TOC__
__TOC__


<h1>Introducing Rundi Present Tense</h1>
=== Structure of the Present Tense ===
 
In Rundi, the present tense is used to describe actions that are currently happening or general truths. The structure is relatively straightforward, but it requires an understanding of how verbs are conjugated based on the subject.
 
The basic formula for forming the present tense in Rundi is as follows:
 
* '''Subject + Verb (in present form)'''
 
For example:
 
* '''Ndi''' (I) + '''ndakora''' (I work) = '''Ndi ndakora''' (I am working).
 
To understand this better, let's look at some common Rundi verbs and how they are conjugated in the present tense.
 
=== Common Rundi Verbs and Their Conjugation ===
 
Here are some frequently used Rundi verbs and their present tense conjugations:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Rundi !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| gukora || /koˈkaɾa/ || to work
 
|-
 
| kugenda || /kuˈɡenda/ || to go
 
|-
 
| gufungura || /ɡuˈfuŋɡuɾa/ || to open
 
|-
 
| kubona || /kuˈbona/ || to see
 
|-
 
| gukora amafunguro || /koˈkaɾa aˈmafuŋɡuɾo/ || to cook
 
|-
 
| gukina || /ɡuˈkina/ || to play
 
|-
 
| gusoma || /ɡuˈsoma/ || to read
 
|-
 
| kwiga || /kwiˈɡa/ || to learn
 
|-
 
| kubaza || /kuˈbaza/ || to ask
 
|-
 
| gukora imyitozo || /koˈkaɾa iˈmyitozo/ || to exercise
 
|}
 
Now, let’s see how these verbs change depending on the subject pronoun.
 
=== Conjugation Examples ===
 
Here are examples of how to conjugate these verbs with various subject pronouns:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Subject Pronoun !! Verb (to work) !! Verb (to go) !! Verb (to see)
 
|-
 
| Ndi (I) || ndi ndakora || ndi ndagenda || ndi ndabona
 
|-
 
| Uri (You - singular) || uri urakora || uri uragenda || uri urabona
 
|-
 
| Ariko (He/She) || ariko arakora || ariko aragenda || ariko arabona
 
|-
 
| Turi (We) || turi turakora || turi turagenda || turi turabona
 
|-
 
| Muri (You - plural) || muri murakora || muri muragenda || muri murabona
 
|-
 
| Bari (They) || bari barakora || bari baragenda || bari barabona
 
|}
 
In Rundi, the verb stem generally remains the same, while a prefix or suffix indicates the subject. This makes it easier to identify who is performing the action.
 
=== Using Present Tense in Sentences ===
 
Now that we understand how to conjugate verbs, let's look at how to form complete sentences. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Rundi Sentence !! English Translation
 
|-
 
| Ndi ndakora mu biro. || I am working in the office.
 
|-
 
| Uri uragenda ku isoko. || You are going to the market.
 
|-
 
| Ariko arakora neza. || He/She is working well.
 
|-
 
| Turi turakora imyitozo. || We are exercising.
 
|-
 
| Muri murakora amafunguro. || You (plural) are cooking food.
 
|-
 
| Bari barakina hanze. || They are playing outside.
 
|}
 
Understanding how to construct these sentences will empower you to express yourself more freely in Rundi.
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now it's time to put your knowledge to the test! Here are some exercises for you to practice:
 
1. '''Translate the following sentences into Rundi''':
 
* I am reading a book.
 
* You are going to school.
 
* They are opening the door.
 
2. '''Conjugate the verb "gukina" (to play) with the following subjects''':
 
* Ndi
 
* Uri
 
* Bari
 
3. '''Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb "gukora" (to work)''':
 
* Turi ________ mu kigo.
 
* Ariko ________ mu rugo.
 
4. '''Rewrite the following sentences in Rundi''':
 
* We are cooking dinner.
 
* You (plural) are exercising.
 
5. '''Choose the correct present tense verb form to complete the sentence''':
 
* Muri ________ (gufungura/gukina) amafunguro.
 
* Ndi ________ (kwiga/kugenda) mu ishuri.
 
6. '''Make sentences using the following subjects and verbs''':
 
* (Ndi, gusoma)
 
* (Uri, gukora)
 
* (Bari, kugenda)
 
7. '''Create three original sentences using any verbs you learned today.'''
 
8. '''Match the subjects with the correct verb forms''':
 
* Match the subject pronoun on the left with the correct verb form on the right.
 
* 1. Ndi      a. arakina
 
* 2. Uri      b. turagenda
 
* 3. Bari    c. urakora
 
9. '''Translate the following Rundi sentences into English''':
 
* Turi turakora mu kigo.
 
* Muri murabona umunsi mwiza.
 
10. '''Identify the mistake in the following sentence and correct it''':
 
* Ariko ari gukina hanze.
 
=== Solutions to the Exercises ===
 
1.
 
* Ndi ndasoma igitabo.
 
* Uri uragenda ku ishuri.
 
* Bari barafungura urugi.
 
2.
 
* Ndi ndakina.
 
* Uri urakina.


<p>
* Bari barakina.
    In this lesson, you will learn about the present tense in Rundi. Understanding the present tense is vital to speaking and expressing yourself in the language. By the end of this lesson, you will know how to form and use the present tense of verbs in Rundi.
</p>


<h2>Present Tense Overview</h2>
3.


<p>
* Turi dukora mu kigo.
    The present tense in Rundi is used to describe actions that are happening now. It is formed using a combination of the verb stem and subject agreement markers (prefixes that agree with the subject of the sentence).
</p>


<p>
* Ariko arakora mu rugo.
    This is different from English, where the present tense also describes habitual actions or actions occurring in the near future. Rundi has other verb forms to express these concepts, which will be covered in future lessons.
</p>


<h2>Conjugating Regular Verbs in the Present Tense</h2>
4.


<p>
* Turi turakora ifunguro rya nimugoroba.
    Regular verbs in Rundi have predictable conjugation patterns in the present tense, based on the noun class of the subject.  
</p>


<p>
* Muri murakora imyitozo.
    Noun classes are groups of nouns that share the same prefix, based on certain characteristics like animacy, shape, or size. The noun class of the subject determines which subject agreement marker is used to form the present tense of the verb.
</p>


<p>
5.
    The present tense subject agreement markers for regular verbs in Rundi are:
</p>


<table class="wikitable">
* Muri gufungura amafunguro.
  <tr>
    <th>Noun Class</th>
    <th>Subject Agreement Marker</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>1</td>
    <td>a-</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>2</td>
    <td>ba-</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>3</td>
    <td>tu-</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>4</td>
    <td>a-</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>5</td>
    <td>zi-</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>6</td>
    <td>a-</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>7</td>
    <td>ku-</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>8</td>
    <td>tu-</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>9</td>
    <td>a-</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>10</td>
    <td>a-</td>
  </tr>
</table>


<p>
* Ndi kwiga mu ishuri.
    To form the present tense of a regular verb, you take the verb stem and add the appropriate subject agreement marker. For example:
</p>


<ul>
6.
    <li>kwandika (to write)</li>
    <li>kw-</li>
    <li>a-</li>
    <li>=> akwandika (he/she is writing)</li>
</ul>


<p>
* Ndi ndasoma.
    Here are more examples of how you can form the present tense for different noun classes:
</p>


<table class="wikitable">
* Uri urakora.
    <tr>
        <th>Rundi</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Abadafite bose barimo ibirenge</td>
        <td>a-ba-da-fi-te bo-se ba-ri-mo i-bi-ren-ge</td>
        <td>All the farmers are cultivating beans.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Ndaguma nandora ingomero</td>
        <td>n-da-gu-ma n-an-do-ra in-go-me-ro</td>
        <td>I'm currently planting onions.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Muvakuli yari afite amahirwe</td>
        <td>mu-va-ku-li ya-ri a-fi-te a-ma-hi-rwe</td>
        <td>The student has talent.</td>
    </tr>
</table>


<h2>Irregular Verbs in the Present Tense</h2>
* Bari baragenda.


<p>
7. (Answers will vary; students should create original sentences.)
    Some verbs in Rundi do not follow the regular conjugation pattern in the present tense. These are called irregular verbs, and they must be memorized individually.
</p>


<p>
8.
    Here are some common irregular verbs in the present tense:
</p>


<table class="wikitable">
* 1 - b
  <tr>
    <th>Rundi</th>
    <th>Pronunciation</th>
    <th>English</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>kugira ngo</td>
    <td>ku-gi-ra n-go</td>
    <td>to have to</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>kubona</td>
    <td>ku-bo-na</td>
    <td>to see</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>kubona</td>
    <td>ku-bo-na</td>
    <td>to see</td>
  </tr>
</table>


<p>
* 2 - c
    Note that some irregular verbs also have irregular stem changes. For example:
</p>


<ul>
* 3 - a
    <li>kubona (to see) => mbone (I see)</li>
    <li>guhita (to stop) => nshaka (I want to stop)</li>
</ul>


<h2>Using the Present Tense in Sentences</h2>
9.


<p>
* We are working in the school.
    In Rundi, the verb usually comes at the end of the sentence. Here are some examples of how to use the present tense in sentences:
</p>


<ul>
* You (plural) are seeing a beautiful day.
    <li>Umugabo aragira ngo abantu baramugira ikibi.</li>
    <li>Imbere yanjye hasigaye kurya isombe.</li>
    <li>Abari bananiwe bari mu rukundo rwabo.</li>
</ul>


<p>
10.  
    Notice how the verb changes based on the noun class of the subject, as seen in the subject agreement marker. The noun class must correspond to the class of the subject in the sentence.
</p>


<h2>Conclusion</h2>
* Corrected: Ariko arakina hanze. (Remove "ari")


<p>
Congratulations on completing the first lesson on the present tense in Rundi! Keep practicing, and soon you'll be able to express yourself confidently in everyday situations. Remember, language learning is a journey, and every step brings you closer to fluency.
    Congratulations! You now know how to form and use the present tense in Rundi. Be sure to practice using it in sentences and read up on noun classes in order to further understand how verbs are used. In the next lesson, we will discuss verb conjugation in the past tense.
</p>


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Rundi Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense
 
|keywords=Rundi, Rundi language, present tense in Rundi, Rundi verbs, verb conjugation in Rundi, regular Rundi verbs, irregular Rundi verbs
|title=Learn Rundi Present Tense
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the present tense in Rundi. Understanding the present tense is vital to speaking and expressing yourself in the language. By the end of this lesson, you will know how to form and use the present tense of verbs in Rundi.
 
|keywords=Rundi, Rundi grammar, present tense, language learning, conjugation, verbs
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate Rundi verbs in the present tense and use them in sentences to describe actions happening now.
 
}}
}}


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<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 
==Sources==
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Rundi/Grammar/Past-Tense Rundi Grammar: Learn About the Past Tense for Verbs and Tenses]




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* [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]


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{{Rundi-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Rundi/Vocabulary/Days-and-Months|◀️ Days and Months — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Rundi/Grammar/Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 15:22, 2 August 2024

◀️ Days and Months — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

Flag-Burundi.jpg
Rundi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Present Tense

Welcome to our lesson on the Present Tense in Rundi! Understanding how to express actions happening now is fundamental in any language, and Rundi is no different. As you begin your journey into the Rundi language, mastering the present tense will enable you to communicate effectively about daily activities, feelings, and experiences.

In this lesson, we will explore the following key aspects:

  • Structure of the Present Tense: How Rundi verbs are formed in the present tense.
  • Conjugation of Common Verbs: Examples showing how to conjugate different verbs.
  • Usage in Sentences: How to construct meaningful sentences using the present tense.
  • Practice Exercises: Opportunities to practice what you’ve learned.

By the end of this lesson, you’ll have a solid foundation in using the present tense in Rundi. Let's dive in!

Structure of the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

In Rundi, the present tense is used to describe actions that are currently happening or general truths. The structure is relatively straightforward, but it requires an understanding of how verbs are conjugated based on the subject.

The basic formula for forming the present tense in Rundi is as follows:

  • Subject + Verb (in present form)

For example:

  • Ndi (I) + ndakora (I work) = Ndi ndakora (I am working).

To understand this better, let's look at some common Rundi verbs and how they are conjugated in the present tense.

Common Rundi Verbs and Their Conjugation[edit | edit source]

Here are some frequently used Rundi verbs and their present tense conjugations:

Rundi Pronunciation English
gukora /koˈkaɾa/ to work
kugenda /kuˈɡenda/ to go
gufungura /ɡuˈfuŋɡuɾa/ to open
kubona /kuˈbona/ to see
gukora amafunguro /koˈkaɾa aˈmafuŋɡuɾo/ to cook
gukina /ɡuˈkina/ to play
gusoma /ɡuˈsoma/ to read
kwiga /kwiˈɡa/ to learn
kubaza /kuˈbaza/ to ask
gukora imyitozo /koˈkaɾa iˈmyitozo/ to exercise

Now, let’s see how these verbs change depending on the subject pronoun.

Conjugation Examples[edit | edit source]

Here are examples of how to conjugate these verbs with various subject pronouns:

Subject Pronoun Verb (to work) Verb (to go) Verb (to see)
Ndi (I) ndi ndakora ndi ndagenda ndi ndabona
Uri (You - singular) uri urakora uri uragenda uri urabona
Ariko (He/She) ariko arakora ariko aragenda ariko arabona
Turi (We) turi turakora turi turagenda turi turabona
Muri (You - plural) muri murakora muri muragenda muri murabona
Bari (They) bari barakora bari baragenda bari barabona

In Rundi, the verb stem generally remains the same, while a prefix or suffix indicates the subject. This makes it easier to identify who is performing the action.

Using Present Tense in Sentences[edit | edit source]

Now that we understand how to conjugate verbs, let's look at how to form complete sentences. Here are some examples:

Rundi Sentence English Translation
Ndi ndakora mu biro. I am working in the office.
Uri uragenda ku isoko. You are going to the market.
Ariko arakora neza. He/She is working well.
Turi turakora imyitozo. We are exercising.
Muri murakora amafunguro. You (plural) are cooking food.
Bari barakina hanze. They are playing outside.

Understanding how to construct these sentences will empower you to express yourself more freely in Rundi.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to put your knowledge to the test! Here are some exercises for you to practice:

1. Translate the following sentences into Rundi:

  • I am reading a book.
  • You are going to school.
  • They are opening the door.

2. Conjugate the verb "gukina" (to play) with the following subjects:

  • Ndi
  • Uri
  • Bari

3. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb "gukora" (to work):

  • Turi ________ mu kigo.
  • Ariko ________ mu rugo.

4. Rewrite the following sentences in Rundi:

  • We are cooking dinner.
  • You (plural) are exercising.

5. Choose the correct present tense verb form to complete the sentence:

  • Muri ________ (gufungura/gukina) amafunguro.
  • Ndi ________ (kwiga/kugenda) mu ishuri.

6. Make sentences using the following subjects and verbs:

  • (Ndi, gusoma)
  • (Uri, gukora)
  • (Bari, kugenda)

7. Create three original sentences using any verbs you learned today.

8. Match the subjects with the correct verb forms:

  • Match the subject pronoun on the left with the correct verb form on the right.
  • 1. Ndi a. arakina
  • 2. Uri b. turagenda
  • 3. Bari c. urakora

9. Translate the following Rundi sentences into English:

  • Turi turakora mu kigo.
  • Muri murabona umunsi mwiza.

10. Identify the mistake in the following sentence and correct it:

  • Ariko ari gukina hanze.

Solutions to the Exercises[edit | edit source]

1.

  • Ndi ndasoma igitabo.
  • Uri uragenda ku ishuri.
  • Bari barafungura urugi.

2.

  • Ndi ndakina.
  • Uri urakina.
  • Bari barakina.

3.

  • Turi dukora mu kigo.
  • Ariko arakora mu rugo.

4.

  • Turi turakora ifunguro rya nimugoroba.
  • Muri murakora imyitozo.

5.

  • Muri gufungura amafunguro.
  • Ndi kwiga mu ishuri.

6.

  • Ndi ndasoma.
  • Uri urakora.
  • Bari baragenda.

7. (Answers will vary; students should create original sentences.)

8.

  • 1 - b
  • 2 - c
  • 3 - a

9.

  • We are working in the school.
  • You (plural) are seeing a beautiful day.

10.

  • Corrected: Ariko arakina hanze. (Remove "ari")

Congratulations on completing the first lesson on the present tense in Rundi! Keep practicing, and soon you'll be able to express yourself confidently in everyday situations. Remember, language learning is a journey, and every step brings you closer to fluency.

Table of Contents - Rundi Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Rundi Language


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Travel and Transportation


Burundian Culture


Hobbies and Entertainment


Questions and Negation


Health and Emergencies


Rundi Etiquette and Customs

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]




◀️ Days and Months — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

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