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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Southern-sotho|Southern Sotho]]  → [[Language/Southern-sotho/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Southern-sotho/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Negating Sentences</div>
In this lesson, we will explore the fascinating world of negation in Southern Sotho. Understanding how to negate sentences is essential for effective communication in any language, and Southern Sotho is no exception. Negation allows you to express disagreement, deny statements, and convey a variety of meanings, making it a crucial element of grammar that every beginner must grasp.
This lesson will cover:
* The concept of negation in Southern Sotho
* How to negate verbs, nouns, and adjectives
* The formation of negative questions
* Numerous examples to illustrate these concepts
* Exercises for you to practice your newfound skills


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Southern-sotho|Southern Sotho]]  → [[Language/Southern-sotho/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Southern-sotho/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Questions and Negation → Negating Sentences</div>
By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to negate sentences in Southern Sotho, which will enhance your ability to communicate more clearly and accurately.


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__TOC__


Negating sentences in any language can be a tough task, but with practice, it can become second nature. In this lesson, we will focus on how to negate sentences in Southern Sotho by negating verbs, nouns, adjectives, and forming negative questions. By the end of the lesson, you will be able to confidently construct negative sentences and questions in Southern Sotho.
=== Understanding Negation ===
 
Negation in Southern Sotho involves using specific particles to change affirmative statements into negative ones. The primary negation particle in Southern Sotho is '''"ha"'''. It is important to note that negation affects verbs, nouns, adjectives, and even questions differently.


== Negating Verbs ==
=== Negating Verbs ===


To negate a verb in Southern Sotho, all you need to do is add the negative particle "ha" or "ho" (depending on the tense) before the verb. Let's take a look at some examples:
To negate a verb in Southern Sotho, we typically place the negation particle '''"ha"''' before the verb. Here are some examples to illustrate this:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Southern Sotho !! Pronunciation !! English
! Southern Sotho !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Ke kopa lihlopha. || ke kɔpa liɬɔpha || I want a pen.
 
| Ke ja !! /ke ja/ !! I eat
 
|-
|-
| Ha ke kopa lihlopha. || ha ke kɔpa liɬɔpha || I don't want a pen.
 
| Ha ke ja !! /ha ke ja/ !! I do not eat
 
|-
|-
| O tla bona ka sebaka. || ɔ t͡ɬa bɔna ka sɛbaka || He will see with glasses.
 
| O a bona !! /o a bona/ !! You see
 
|-
 
| Ha o a bona !! /ha o a bona/ !! You do not see
 
|-
 
| Re a dula !! /re a dula/ !! We are staying
 
|-
|-
| Ho tla bona ke sebaka. || hɔ t͡ɬa bɔna ke sɛbaka || He will not see with glasses.
 
| Ha re a dula !! /ha re a dula/ !! We are not staying
 
|-
 
| Ba a sebetsa !! /ba a sebetsa/ !! They are working
 
|-
 
| Ha ba a sebetsa !! /ha ba a sebetsa/ !! They are not working
 
|}
|}


As you can see, all you need to do is place "ha" or "ho" before the verb to make it negative. "Ha" is used in the present tense while "ho" is used in other tenses.
As you can see from the examples above, the placement of '''"ha"''' before the verb effectively negates the action.
 
=== Negating Nouns ===
 
When negating nouns, we typically use the negation particle '''"ha"''' along with the appropriate form of the noun. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Southern Sotho !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| Ke ngwana !! /ke ŋwana/ !! I am a child
 
|-
 
| Ha ke ngwana !! /ha ke ŋwana/ !! I am not a child
 
|-
 
| O mosali !! /o mosali/ !! You are a woman
 
|-
 
| Ha o mosali !! /ha o mosali/ !! You are not a woman
 
|-
 
| Re monna !! /re monna/ !! We are men
 
|-
 
| Ha re monna !! /ha re monna/ !! We are not men
 
|-
 
| Ba basali !! /ba basali/ !! They are women
 
|-
 
| Ha ba basali !! /ha ba basali/ !! They are not women
 
|}


== Negating Nouns and Adjectives ==
Here, '''"ha"''' is used to negate the identity expressed by the noun.


To negate a noun or an adjective, you need to add the negative prefix "le" or "se" before the noun or adjective.
=== Negating Adjectives ===


Let's take a look at some examples:
Negating adjectives in Southern Sotho follows a similar pattern. You will still use '''"ha"''' before the adjective. Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Southern Sotho !! Pronunciation !! English
! Southern Sotho !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Motho o motle !! /motʰo o motle/ !! The person is beautiful
|-
| Ha motho o motle !! /ha motʰo o motle/ !! The person is not beautiful
|-
|-
| Ntate Mohapi ke moruti. || n̩tate mɔhapɪ ke mɔruti || Mr. Mohapi is a teacher.
 
| Phala e khōlō !! /pʰala e kʰolo/ !! The fruit is big
 
|-
|-
| Se ntate Mohapi ke le moruti. || sɛ n̩tate mɔhapɪ ke ɬɛ mɔruti || Mr. Mohapi is not a teacher.
 
| Ha phala e khōlō !! /ha pʰala e kʰolo/ !! The fruit is not big
 
|-
|-
| Kgotso e tla u fihla. || kgot͡so ɛ t͡ɬa u fiɬla || Peace will come to you.
 
| Ntlo e tšoeu !! /ntlo e tʃoeu/ !! The house is white
 
|-
|-
| Kgotso e se u fihla. || kgot͡so ɛ sɛ u fiɬla || Peace will not come to you.
 
| Ha ntlo e tšoeu !! /ha ntlo e tʃoeu/ !! The house is not white
 
|-
 
| Mofuthu o monate !! /mofuthu o monate/ !! The food is tasty
 
|-
 
| Ha mofuthu o monate !! /ha mofuthu o monate/ !! The food is not tasty
 
|}
|}


In the examples above, we used the negative prefix "le" in the present tense to make the noun or adjective negative.
As we can see, negation can effectively change the qualities of nouns into their opposite meanings.


== Forming Negative Questions ==
=== Forming Negative Questions ===


In Southern Sotho, negative questions are formed by adding the negative particle "ha" or "ho" at the beginning of a question. Let's take a look at some examples:
When forming negative questions in Southern Sotho, we still use the negation particle '''"ha"'''. The structure of the question remains intact, but we add '''"ha"''' to indicate negation. Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Southern Sotho !! Pronunciation !! English
! Southern Sotho !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Ha o tla bona? || ha ɔ t͡ɬa bɔna || Will you not see?  
 
| Na o ja? !! /na o ja?/ !! Do you eat?
 
|-
|-
| Ho na le sebaka? || hɔ na ɬɛ sɛbaka || Is there no glass?  
 
| Na ha o ja? !! /na ha o ja?/ !! Do you not eat?
 
|-
|-
| Ha ke batla ruri? || ha ke bæt͡ɬa ruri || Don't I want it for real?  
 
| Na ke ngwana? !! /na ke ŋwana?/ !! Am I a child?
 
|-
 
| Na ha ke ngwana? !! /na ha ke ŋwana?/ !! Am I not a child?
 
|-
 
| Na re a dula? !! /na re a dula?/ !! Are we staying?
 
|-
 
| Na ha re a dula? !! /na ha re a dula?/ !! Are we not staying?
 
|-
 
| Na ba a sebetsa? !! /na ba a sebetsa?/ !! Are they working?
 
|-
 
| Na ha ba a sebetsa? !! /na ha ba a sebetsa?/ !! Are they not working?
 
|}
|}


As you can see, the negative particle "ha" or "ho" is added at the beginning of the question. It is important to note that the question word stays in the same position as in a positive question.
This structure allows you to inquire about the negation of an action or state effectively.
 
== Practice Exercises ==
 
Now that we have explored the various aspects of negation in Southern Sotho, it's time to put your knowledge to the test with some exercises. These exercises will help reinforce what you've learned and give you the confidence to use negation in everyday conversations.
 
=== Exercise 1: Negate the Following Sentences ===
 
Transform the following affirmative sentences into negative sentences.
 
1. Ke a ja. (I am eating.)
 
2. O a bona. (You see.)
 
3. Re a dula. (We are staying.)
 
4. Ba a sebetsa. (They are working.)
 
5. O mosali. (You are a woman.)
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Ha ke a ja. (I am not eating.)
 
2. Ha o a bona. (You do not see.)
 
3. Ha re a dula. (We are not staying.)
 
4. Ha ba a sebetsa. (They are not working.)
 
5. Ha o mosali. (You are not a woman.)
 
=== Exercise 2: Identify the Negated Verb ===
 
Identify the negated verb in the following sentences.
 
1. Ha ke a ja.
 
2. Ha o a bona.
 
3. Ha re a dula.
 
4. Ha ba a sebetsa.
 
5. Ha o mosali.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. ja (to eat)
 
2. bona (to see)
 
3. dula (to stay)
 
4. sebetsa (to work)
 
5. mosali (woman)
 
=== Exercise 3: Change to Negative Questions ===
 
Convert the following affirmative questions into negative questions.
 
1. Na o ja?
 
2. Na ke ngwana?
 
3. Na re a dula?
 
4. Na ba a sebetsa?
 
5. Na o mosali?
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Na ha o ja?
 
2. Na ha ke ngwana?
 
3. Na ha re a dula?
 
4. Na ha ba a sebetsa?
 
5. Na ha o mosali?
 
=== Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct negation form.
 
1. _____ ke a ja. (I am not eating.)
 
2. _____ o a bona. (You do not see.)
 
3. _____ re a dula. (We are not staying.)
 
4. _____ ba a sebetsa. (They are not working.)
 
5. _____ o mosali. (You are not a woman.)
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Ha
 
2. Ha
 
3. Ha
 
4. Ha
 
5. Ha
 
=== Exercise 5: Translate to Southern Sotho ===
 
Translate the following English sentences into Southern Sotho using negation.
 
1. I do not eat.
 
2. You are not a woman.
 
3. We are not staying.
 
4. They are not working.
 
5. He is not happy.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Ha ke ja.
 
2. Ha o mosali.
 
3. Ha re a dula.
 
4. Ha ba a sebetsa.
 
5. Ha o thabile.
 
=== Exercise 6: Create Negative Sentences ===
 
Create negative sentences using the following prompts.
 
1. (I, eat)
 
2. (You, see)
 
3. (We, stay)
 
4. (They, work)
 
5. (She, happy)
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Ha ke ja.
 
2. Ha o a bona.
 
3. Ha re a dula.
 
4. Ha ba a sebetsa.
 
5. Ha o thabile.
 
=== Exercise 7: Negate the Following Questions ===
 
Negate the following questions.
 
1. Na o ja?
 
2. Na ke ngwana?
 
3. Na re a dula?
 
4. Na ba a sebetsa?
 
5. Na o mosali?
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Na ha o ja?
 
2. Na ha ke ngwana?


In conclusion, negating sentences in Southern Sotho is quite easy once you understand the rules. All you need to do is add the negative particle "ha" or "ho" before a verb, and the negative prefix "le" or "se" before a noun or adjective. Negative questions are formed by adding "ha" or "ho" at the beginning of a question. Practice these rules and you will be able to confidently construct negative sentences and questions in Southern Sotho.
3. Na ha re a dula?


* Remember to take your time and practice these rules until you feel confident.
4. Na ha ba a sebetsa?


* Try to use negation in everyday sentences to help you remember the rules.
5. Na ha o mosali?


* If you're unsure, don't hesitate to ask a native speaker or your Southern Sotho teacher for help.
=== Exercise 8: Identify Negation in Context ===
 
Read the following sentences and identify the negation.
 
1. Ha ke a ja, empa ke batla ho ja.
 
2. Ha re a dula, re fumana sebaka.
 
3. Ba a sebetsa, empa ha ba a fumana.
 
4. Ha o mosali, o na le boikarabelo.
 
5. O motle, empa ha o na le mahlohonolo.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Ha ke a ja
 
2. Ha re a dula
 
3. ha ba a fumana
 
4. Ha o mosali
 
5. ha o na le mahlohonolo
 
=== Exercise 9: Rewrite the Sentences ===
 
Rewrite the following sentences to make them negative.
 
1. Ke thabile. (I am happy.)
 
2. O a tseba. (You know.)
 
3. Re a phela. (We live.)
 
4. Ba a tsamaya. (They walk.)
 
5. O a tseba. (She knows.)
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Ha ke thabile. (I am not happy.)
 
2. Ha o a tseba. (You do not know.)
 
3. Ha re a phela. (We do not live.)
 
4. Ha ba a tsamaya. (They do not walk.)
 
5. Ha o a tseba. (She does not know.)
 
=== Exercise 10: Create Your Own Negative Sentences ===
 
Use the following subjects and verbs to create your own negative sentences.
 
1. I (to eat)
 
2. You (to see)
 
3. We (to stay)
 
4. They (to work)
 
5. She (to be beautiful)
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Ha ke ja.
 
2. Ha o a bona.
 
3. Ha re a dula.
 
4. Ha ba a sebetsa.
 
5. Ha o motle.
 
Congratulations! You have now completed the lesson on negating sentences in Southern Sotho. Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep using these structures in your conversations. The more you engage with the language, the more confident you will become.


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Southern Sotho Grammar: Learning to Negate Sentences
 
|keywords=Southern Sotho, learn Southern Sotho, negating sentences, negating verbs in Southern Sotho, negating nouns in Southern Sotho, negating adjectives in Southern Sotho, negative questions in Southern Sotho, Southern Sotho course
|title=Southern Sotho Grammar: Negating Sentences
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to negate sentences in Southern Sotho by negating verbs, nouns, adjectives, and forming negative questions. Discover the tips to succeed in this exercise on this page.
 
|keywords=Southern Sotho, grammar, negation, sentences, beginners
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to negate sentences in Southern Sotho, including negating verbs, nouns, and adjectives, as well as forming negative questions.
 
}}
}}


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Latest revision as of 14:36, 2 August 2024

◀️ Asking Questions — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Shopping Vocabulary ▶️

Lesotho-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png
Southern Sotho → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Negating Sentences

In this lesson, we will explore the fascinating world of negation in Southern Sotho. Understanding how to negate sentences is essential for effective communication in any language, and Southern Sotho is no exception. Negation allows you to express disagreement, deny statements, and convey a variety of meanings, making it a crucial element of grammar that every beginner must grasp.

This lesson will cover:

  • The concept of negation in Southern Sotho
  • How to negate verbs, nouns, and adjectives
  • The formation of negative questions
  • Numerous examples to illustrate these concepts
  • Exercises for you to practice your newfound skills

By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to negate sentences in Southern Sotho, which will enhance your ability to communicate more clearly and accurately.

Understanding Negation[edit | edit source]

Negation in Southern Sotho involves using specific particles to change affirmative statements into negative ones. The primary negation particle in Southern Sotho is "ha". It is important to note that negation affects verbs, nouns, adjectives, and even questions differently.

Negating Verbs[edit | edit source]

To negate a verb in Southern Sotho, we typically place the negation particle "ha" before the verb. Here are some examples to illustrate this:

Southern Sotho Pronunciation English
Ke ja !! /ke ja/ !! I eat
Ha ke ja !! /ha ke ja/ !! I do not eat
O a bona !! /o a bona/ !! You see
Ha o a bona !! /ha o a bona/ !! You do not see
Re a dula !! /re a dula/ !! We are staying
Ha re a dula !! /ha re a dula/ !! We are not staying
Ba a sebetsa !! /ba a sebetsa/ !! They are working
Ha ba a sebetsa !! /ha ba a sebetsa/ !! They are not working

As you can see from the examples above, the placement of "ha" before the verb effectively negates the action.

Negating Nouns[edit | edit source]

When negating nouns, we typically use the negation particle "ha" along with the appropriate form of the noun. Here are some examples:

Southern Sotho Pronunciation English
Ke ngwana !! /ke ŋwana/ !! I am a child
Ha ke ngwana !! /ha ke ŋwana/ !! I am not a child
O mosali !! /o mosali/ !! You are a woman
Ha o mosali !! /ha o mosali/ !! You are not a woman
Re monna !! /re monna/ !! We are men
Ha re monna !! /ha re monna/ !! We are not men
Ba basali !! /ba basali/ !! They are women
Ha ba basali !! /ha ba basali/ !! They are not women

Here, "ha" is used to negate the identity expressed by the noun.

Negating Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Negating adjectives in Southern Sotho follows a similar pattern. You will still use "ha" before the adjective. Here are some examples:

Southern Sotho Pronunciation English
Motho o motle !! /motʰo o motle/ !! The person is beautiful
Ha motho o motle !! /ha motʰo o motle/ !! The person is not beautiful
Phala e khōlō !! /pʰala e kʰolo/ !! The fruit is big
Ha phala e khōlō !! /ha pʰala e kʰolo/ !! The fruit is not big
Ntlo e tšoeu !! /ntlo e tʃoeu/ !! The house is white
Ha ntlo e tšoeu !! /ha ntlo e tʃoeu/ !! The house is not white
Mofuthu o monate !! /mofuthu o monate/ !! The food is tasty
Ha mofuthu o monate !! /ha mofuthu o monate/ !! The food is not tasty

As we can see, negation can effectively change the qualities of nouns into their opposite meanings.

Forming Negative Questions[edit | edit source]

When forming negative questions in Southern Sotho, we still use the negation particle "ha". The structure of the question remains intact, but we add "ha" to indicate negation. Here are some examples:

Southern Sotho Pronunciation English
Na o ja? !! /na o ja?/ !! Do you eat?
Na ha o ja? !! /na ha o ja?/ !! Do you not eat?
Na ke ngwana? !! /na ke ŋwana?/ !! Am I a child?
Na ha ke ngwana? !! /na ha ke ŋwana?/ !! Am I not a child?
Na re a dula? !! /na re a dula?/ !! Are we staying?
Na ha re a dula? !! /na ha re a dula?/ !! Are we not staying?
Na ba a sebetsa? !! /na ba a sebetsa?/ !! Are they working?
Na ha ba a sebetsa? !! /na ha ba a sebetsa?/ !! Are they not working?

This structure allows you to inquire about the negation of an action or state effectively.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we have explored the various aspects of negation in Southern Sotho, it's time to put your knowledge to the test with some exercises. These exercises will help reinforce what you've learned and give you the confidence to use negation in everyday conversations.

Exercise 1: Negate the Following Sentences[edit | edit source]

Transform the following affirmative sentences into negative sentences.

1. Ke a ja. (I am eating.)

2. O a bona. (You see.)

3. Re a dula. (We are staying.)

4. Ba a sebetsa. (They are working.)

5. O mosali. (You are a woman.)

Solutions:

1. Ha ke a ja. (I am not eating.)

2. Ha o a bona. (You do not see.)

3. Ha re a dula. (We are not staying.)

4. Ha ba a sebetsa. (They are not working.)

5. Ha o mosali. (You are not a woman.)

Exercise 2: Identify the Negated Verb[edit | edit source]

Identify the negated verb in the following sentences.

1. Ha ke a ja.

2. Ha o a bona.

3. Ha re a dula.

4. Ha ba a sebetsa.

5. Ha o mosali.

Solutions:

1. ja (to eat)

2. bona (to see)

3. dula (to stay)

4. sebetsa (to work)

5. mosali (woman)

Exercise 3: Change to Negative Questions[edit | edit source]

Convert the following affirmative questions into negative questions.

1. Na o ja?

2. Na ke ngwana?

3. Na re a dula?

4. Na ba a sebetsa?

5. Na o mosali?

Solutions:

1. Na ha o ja?

2. Na ha ke ngwana?

3. Na ha re a dula?

4. Na ha ba a sebetsa?

5. Na ha o mosali?

Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct negation form.

1. _____ ke a ja. (I am not eating.)

2. _____ o a bona. (You do not see.)

3. _____ re a dula. (We are not staying.)

4. _____ ba a sebetsa. (They are not working.)

5. _____ o mosali. (You are not a woman.)

Solutions:

1. Ha

2. Ha

3. Ha

4. Ha

5. Ha

Exercise 5: Translate to Southern Sotho[edit | edit source]

Translate the following English sentences into Southern Sotho using negation.

1. I do not eat.

2. You are not a woman.

3. We are not staying.

4. They are not working.

5. He is not happy.

Solutions:

1. Ha ke ja.

2. Ha o mosali.

3. Ha re a dula.

4. Ha ba a sebetsa.

5. Ha o thabile.

Exercise 6: Create Negative Sentences[edit | edit source]

Create negative sentences using the following prompts.

1. (I, eat)

2. (You, see)

3. (We, stay)

4. (They, work)

5. (She, happy)

Solutions:

1. Ha ke ja.

2. Ha o a bona.

3. Ha re a dula.

4. Ha ba a sebetsa.

5. Ha o thabile.

Exercise 7: Negate the Following Questions[edit | edit source]

Negate the following questions.

1. Na o ja?

2. Na ke ngwana?

3. Na re a dula?

4. Na ba a sebetsa?

5. Na o mosali?

Solutions:

1. Na ha o ja?

2. Na ha ke ngwana?

3. Na ha re a dula?

4. Na ha ba a sebetsa?

5. Na ha o mosali?

Exercise 8: Identify Negation in Context[edit | edit source]

Read the following sentences and identify the negation.

1. Ha ke a ja, empa ke batla ho ja.

2. Ha re a dula, re fumana sebaka.

3. Ba a sebetsa, empa ha ba a fumana.

4. Ha o mosali, o na le boikarabelo.

5. O motle, empa ha o na le mahlohonolo.

Solutions:

1. Ha ke a ja

2. Ha re a dula

3. ha ba a fumana

4. Ha o mosali

5. ha o na le mahlohonolo

Exercise 9: Rewrite the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Rewrite the following sentences to make them negative.

1. Ke thabile. (I am happy.)

2. O a tseba. (You know.)

3. Re a phela. (We live.)

4. Ba a tsamaya. (They walk.)

5. O a tseba. (She knows.)

Solutions:

1. Ha ke thabile. (I am not happy.)

2. Ha o a tseba. (You do not know.)

3. Ha re a phela. (We do not live.)

4. Ha ba a tsamaya. (They do not walk.)

5. Ha o a tseba. (She does not know.)

Exercise 10: Create Your Own Negative Sentences[edit | edit source]

Use the following subjects and verbs to create your own negative sentences.

1. I (to eat)

2. You (to see)

3. We (to stay)

4. They (to work)

5. She (to be beautiful)

Solutions:

1. Ha ke ja.

2. Ha o a bona.

3. Ha re a dula.

4. Ha ba a sebetsa.

5. Ha o motle.

Congratulations! You have now completed the lesson on negating sentences in Southern Sotho. Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep using these structures in your conversations. The more you engage with the language, the more confident you will become.

Table of Contents - Southern Sotho Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Southern Sotho


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Everyday Activities


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Southern Sotho Traditions


Travel and Transportation


Questions and Negation


Shopping and Money


Southern Sotho Family Life


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Asking Questions — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Shopping Vocabulary ▶️

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