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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Irish|Irish]]  → [[Language/Irish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Irish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions → Common Prepositions</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Irish|Irish]]  → [[Language/Irish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Irish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Common Prepositions</div>
 
In this lesson, we’re going to dive into the world of '''prepositions''' in the Irish language. Prepositions are the little words that connect our nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other words in a sentence. They give spatial, temporal, and directional context. Understanding prepositions is crucial for building simple sentences and expressing relationships between different elements.
 
As a beginner, you might find prepositions a bit challenging at first, but don't worry! Once you get the hang of them, you’ll be able to create more complex sentences and communicate your thoughts more effectively.
 
We’ll cover the most common prepositions in Irish, along with their meanings and usage in sentences. To make it easier for you, we will provide plenty of examples and practice exercises to reinforce your learning.


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== Common Prepositions in Irish ===
 
Irish prepositions are typically short words that indicate relationships in time, place, and direction. Here are some of the most common prepositions you will encounter:
 
* '''i''' (in)
 
* '''ar''' (on)
 
* '''ag''' (at)
 
* '''do''' (to/for)
 
* '''le''' (with)
 
* '''ó''' (from)
 
* '''trí''' (through)
 
* '''roimh''' (before)
 
* '''tar éis''' (after)


Welcome to the lesson on common prepositions in the Irish language! Prepositions are an essential part of any language and are used to indicate relationships between different words in a sentence. In this lesson, we will explore the most commonly used prepositions in Irish and learn how to use them correctly. Understanding prepositions will greatly enhance your ability to express yourself in Irish and improve your overall language skills.
* '''faoi''' (under/about)


To begin, we will discuss the importance of prepositions in the context of the Irish language and outline the structure of this lesson. Next, we will delve into the details of the topic, providing numerous examples to illustrate each point. We will explore the various ways in which prepositions are used in Irish sentences and examine their different meanings and functions. This portion of the lesson will be clear, thorough, and pedagogically sound, ensuring that you have a solid understanding of the topic.
* '''i dtaobh''' (about/in relation to)


Following the detailed explanation, we will take a cultural dive into the usage and understanding of prepositions in different regions of Ireland. We will explore any regional variations in the usage of prepositions and discuss the historical reasons for these differences. Additionally, we will share interesting cultural facts and anecdotes related to the topic, providing you with a deeper understanding of Irish language and culture.
* '''i gcoinne''' (against)


To reinforce what you have learned, we will then move on to a series of exercises and practice scenarios. These exercises will allow you to apply your knowledge of common prepositions in practical contexts. You will have the opportunity to construct sentences and answer questions using the prepositions you have learned. Solutions and explanations will be provided, ensuring that you receive immediate feedback and further clarification.
* '''i láthair''' (in the presence of)


Throughout this lesson, I will strive to use natural, human-like language to engage and relate to you as a student. I will inject my own unique teaching style and creativity into the lesson, making the learning experience memorable and enjoyable. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of common prepositions in Irish and be able to use them confidently in your own conversations and written texts.
* '''as''' (out of)


Now, let's begin our journey into the world of common prepositions in the Irish language!
* '''go''' (to/until)


== The Basics of Prepositions ==
* '''de''' (of)


Before we dive into the specific prepositions, let's start by understanding what prepositions are and how they function in Irish sentences. Prepositions are words that link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other words in a sentence. They indicate relationships of time, place, direction, manner, or reason.
* '''laistigh de''' (inside of)


In Irish, prepositions are an integral part of sentence structure and play a crucial role in conveying meaning. They are typically placed before the noun or pronoun they relate to and may undergo changes in form depending on the context and the word they are connected to.
* '''lasmuigh de''' (outside of)


For example, in the sentence "Tá an leabhar ar an mbord" (The book is on the table), the preposition "ar" indicates the relationship between the book and the table. Without the preposition, the sentence would not convey the same meaning.
* '''thar''' (over)


Now that we have a basic understanding of prepositions, let's explore some of the most common prepositions in the Irish language.
* '''faoin''' (underneath)


== Common Prepositions in Irish ==
Let’s explore these prepositions in detail, along with examples.


In this section, we will examine a variety of common prepositions in Irish and learn how to use them in different contexts. It is important to note that prepositions in Irish can have multiple meanings and functions depending on the context in which they are used. Therefore, it is essential to understand the specific meanings and usages of each preposition to ensure accurate communication.
=== Examples of Common Prepositions ===


Let's begin with the preposition "i" which means "in" or "at" in English. This preposition is used to indicate location, time, or manner. Here are some examples:
Here are some examples to illustrate how these prepositions are used in sentences.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Tá mé '''i''' mo sheomra. || Taw may '''ee''' muh shuhm-ra. || I am '''in''' my room.
|-
| Tá an leabhar '''ar''' an tábla. || Taw on la-har '''ar''' an taw-blah. || The book is '''on''' the table.
|-
| Tá mé '''ag''' an doras. || Taw may '''eg''' an dor-as. || I am '''at''' the door.
|-
| Is é '''do''' mo chara. || Is ay '''duh''' muh khar-a. || He is '''your''' friend.
|-
| Tá mé '''le''' mo mháthair. || Taw may '''leh''' muh wah-hir. || I am '''with''' my mother.
|-
| Fuair mé é '''ó''' mo chara. || Foor may ay '''oh''' muh khar-a. || I got it '''from''' my friend.
|-
| Walk '''trí''' na páirce. || Walk '''tree''' nah paw-rk-eh. || Walk '''through''' the park.
|-
|-
| i mbun an chócaireachta  || ee mboon un khoh-keer-uhk-tuh || in the kitchen
 
| Tá sé '''roimh''' an scoil. || Taw shay '''roim''' an skoyl. || It’s '''before''' the school.
 
|-
|-
| i mBaile Átha Cliath  || ee mahl-uh aw-huh klee-uh || in Dublin
 
| Tar éis '''an''' ocras. || Tar '''aysh''' an oh-kras. || After '''the''' hunger.
 
|-
|-
| i ndiaidh an chluiche  || ee nee-uh un khloo-uh || after the game
|}


Next, let's explore the preposition "ar" which means "on" or "upon" in English. This preposition is used to indicate location, possession, or time. Here are some examples:
| Tá an cat '''faoi''' an bord. || Taw an cat '''fee''' an bord. || The cat is '''under''' the table.


{| class="wikitable"
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ar an mbord  || ar un mohrd || on the table
 
| '''I dtaobh''' an leabhar. || '''Ee djow''' an la-har. || About '''the''' book.
 
|-
|-
| ar mo leabhar  || ar muh lyow-wuhr || on my book
 
| '''I gcoinne''' an fhuinneoige. || '''Ee gwin-ye''' an win-yo-iga. || Against '''the''' window.
 
|-
 
| Tá mé '''i láthair''' an dochtúra. || Taw may '''ee''' '''law-har''' an duck-too-ra. || I am '''in the presence of''' the doctor.
 
|-
|-
| ar ball  || ar bahl || in a moment
|}


Moving on, we have the preposition "le" which means "with" or "by" in English. This preposition is used to indicate companionship, means, or manner. Here are some examples:
| Tháinig sé '''as''' an teach. || '''Haw-nee''' shay '''as''' an tahch. || He came '''out of''' the house.


{| class="wikitable"
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| le mo chara  || le muh khah-ruh || with my friend
 
| Téim '''go''' dtí an siopa. || Tay-im '''guh''' jee an shop-a. || I go '''to''' the shop.
 
|-
|-
| le haghaidh teagaisc  || le hah-ee tyah-gishk || for teaching
 
| '''De''' na daoine. || '''Duh''' nah dee-nee. || '''Of''' the people.
 
|-
|-
| le brí  || le bree || with meaning
|}


Another common preposition is "thar" which means "over" or "beyond" in English. This preposition is used to indicate movement or extent. Here are some examples:
| Tá sé '''laistigh de''' an teach. || Taw shay '''lah-ish''' de an tahch. || It’s '''inside of''' the house.


{| class="wikitable"
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| thar an mballa  || hahr un mahl-uh || over the wall
 
| Tá an cat '''lasmuigh de''' an teach. || Taw an cat '''lass-moy''' de an tahch. || The cat is '''outside of''' the house.
 
|-
|-
| thar an teorainn  || hahr un tyoh-ruhn || beyond the border
 
| Tá sé '''thar''' an gairdín. || Taw shay '''har''' an gard-een. || It is '''over''' the garden.
 
|-
|-
| thar fhad  || hahr fahd || over a distance
 
| Tá sé '''faoin''' doras. || Taw shay '''foyn''' dor-as. || It is '''underneath''' the door.
 
|}
|}


These are just a few examples of common prepositions in Irish. As you continue to learn and explore the language, you will encounter many more prepositions with different meanings and functions. It is important to practice using prepositions in context to develop a strong understanding of their usage.
=== Understanding Prepositions in Context ===
 
Now that we've seen examples of common prepositions, let’s delve a little deeper into how to use them in various contexts.
 
1. '''Spatial relationships''': Prepositions like '''i''' (in), '''ar''' (on), and '''faoi''' (under) help describe where things are located. For instance, “Tá an leabhar '''ar''' an tábla” tells us the book is on the table, while “Tá an cat '''faoi''' an bord” indicates the cat is under the table.
 
2. '''Temporal relationships''': Some prepositions also describe time. For example, “Tar éis '''an''' ocras” means "after the hunger," which indicates a time relationship.
 
3. '''Direction''': Prepositions such as '''go''' (to) and '''trí''' (through) can show movement. For example, “Téim '''go''' dtí an siopa” translates to "I go to the shop."
 
4. '''Possession''': The preposition '''do''' (to/for) can indicate possession or relationship. “Is é '''do''' mo chara” translates as "He is your friend."
 
5. '''Comparison''': Prepositions are also used in comparative contexts. You might say “Tá sé '''i gcoinne''' an fhuinneoige” to express something against the window.
 
6. '''Idiomatic expressions''': Some prepositions are used in specific phrases and idioms. For example, “i láthair” is often used in formal contexts to indicate presence.
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Let’s put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises to help you practice using common prepositions in Irish.
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blank ====
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition from the list below:
 
( '''i''', '''ar''', '''ag''', '''do''', '''le''', '''ó''', '''trí''', '''roimh''', '''tar éis''', '''faoi''' )
 
1. Tá mé ___ mo sheomra.
 
2. Tá an leabhar ___ an tábla.
 
3. Tá mé ___ an doras.
 
4. Is é ___ mo chara.
 
5. Fuair mé é ___ mo chara.
 
6. Walk ___ na páirce.
 
7. Tá sé ___ an scoil.
 
8. Tar éis ___ an ocras.
 
9. Tá an cat ___ an bord.
 
10. '''I dtaobh''' ___ an leabhar.
 
==== Exercise 2: Translation ====
 
Translate the following sentences into Irish.
 
1. The book is under the table.
 
2. I am at the door.
 
3. He is your friend.
 
4. I came out of the house.
 
5. After the meal.
 
==== Exercise 3: Sentence Creation ====
 
Create sentences using the following prepositions.
 
1. '''i'''
 
2. '''ar'''
 
3. '''ag'''
 
4. '''do'''
 
5. '''le'''
 
==== Exercise 4: Matching ====
 
Match the Irish sentences with their English translations.
 
| Irish Sentence | English Translation |
 
|----------------|---------------------|
 
| 1. Tá an cat faoi an bord. | a. I am in my room. |
 
| 2. Is é do mo chara. | b. The cat is under the table. |
 
| 3. Fuair mé é ó mo chara. | c. He is your friend. |
 
| 4. Tá mé i mo sheomra. | d. I got it from my friend. |
 
==== Exercise 5: True or False ====
 
Decide whether the following statements about prepositions are true or false.
 
1. The preposition "ar" means "under."
 
2. "Faoi" is used to indicate location.
 
3. "Téim" means "I go."
 
4. "Roimh" is used for time-related expressions.
 
==== Exercise 6: Sentence Correction ====
 
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
 
1. Tá sé ar an doras. (It should mean "He is at the door.")
 
2. Fuair mé é laistigh de mo chara. (It should mean "I got it from my friend.")
 
3. Is é do an leabhar. (It should mean "It is your book.")
 
4. Walk do an páirce. (It should mean "walk through the park.")
 
==== Exercise 7: Create Questions ====
 
Formulate questions using the prepositions provided.
 
1. '''i'''
 
2. '''ar'''
 
3. '''ó'''
 
4. '''go'''
 
5. '''faoi'''
 
==== Exercise 8: Fill in the Correct Preposition ====
 
Choose the correct preposition to fill in the blanks.
 
1. Tá an leabhar ___ an tábla. (ar/i)
 
2. Is é ___ mo chara. (do/le)
 
3. Fuair mé é ___ mo chara. (ó/do)
 
4. Tá an cat ___ an bord. (faoi/ar)
 
==== Exercise 9: Short Answer ====
 
Answer the following questions in Irish.
 
1. Cá bhfuil an cat? (Where is the cat?)
 
2. Cad é do ainm? (What is your name?)
 
3. Cén t-am é? (What time is it?)
 
4. Cén áit atá tú? (Where are you?)


== Regional Variations and Cultural Insights ==
==== Exercise 10: Rewrite the Sentences ====


In this section, we will explore any regional variations in the usage and understanding of prepositions in the Irish language. It is worth noting that while Irish is the official language of Ireland, there are dialectal differences that influence the usage of prepositions. These regional variations can be seen in both spoken and written Irish.
Rewrite the sentences using different prepositions where applicable.


For example, in the Munster dialect, the preposition "i" (in) is often pronounced as "sa" or "san" when followed by a definite article. This variation reflects the unique characteristics of the Munster dialect and adds a distinct flavor to the language in that region.
1. Tá an cat ar an tábla.


Additionally, cultural factors can also influence the usage of prepositions in Irish. For example, in certain regions of Ireland, there may be specific prepositions used to describe local landmarks or geographical features. These prepositions may not have a direct translation in English and are deeply rooted in the local culture and history.
2. Fuair mé é i mo sheomra.


Understanding these regional variations and cultural insights can greatly enhance your understanding and appreciation of the Irish language. It allows you to connect with the rich linguistic and cultural heritage of Ireland and communicate more effectively with native speakers of Irish.
3. Is é do mo chara.


== Practice Exercises ==
4. Walk trí na páirce.


Now it's time to put your knowledge of common prepositions in Irish to the test! In this section, you will find a series of exercises and practice scenarios to help you apply what you have learned. Take your time and do your best to complete each exercise. Solutions and explanations will be provided to assist you in your learning journey.
=== Solutions and Explanations ===


Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition:
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blank ====


1. Tá an leabhar _____ an ___.
1. i
2. Tá mé ag siúl _____ an bhaile.
3. Tá an carr ____ an doras.
4. Tá an cat ____ an gcathaoir.
5. Tá sé ag caint ____ an fón.


Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences into Irish:
2. ar


1. The ball is under the table.
3. ag
2. She is going to the park with her friends.
3. He is waiting for the bus at the bus stop.
4. We are studying for the exam in the library.
5. They are talking about the weather on the phone.


Exercise 3: Answer the following questions using the correct preposition:
4. do


1. Cá bhfuil an leabhar? (Where is the book?)
5. ó
2. Cén t-am a bhíonn an traein ag teacht? (When does the train come?)
3. Céard a bhíonn tú ag déanamh ar an deireadh seachtaine? (What do you do on the weekend?)
4. Cén áit a bhfuil tú i do chónaí? (Where do you live?)
5. Cé leis a bhíonn tú ag siúl go dtí an scoil? (Who do you walk to school with?)


Take your time to complete these exercises and feel free to refer back to the lesson material if needed. Once you have finished, you can compare your answers with the provided solutions and explanations.
6. trí


== Solutions and Explanations ==
7. roimh


Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition:
8. tar éis


1. Tá an leabhar ar an mbord.
9. faoi
2. Tá mé ag siúl sa bhaile.
3. Tá an carr ag an doras.
4. Tá an cat ar an gcathaoir.
5. Tá sé ag caint ar an bhfón.


Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences into Irish:
10. i dtaobh


1. Tá an liathróid faoin mbord.
==== Exercise 2: Translation ====
2. Tá sí ag dul chuig an bpáirc lena cairde.
3. Tá sé ag fanacht leis an mbus ag an stad bus.
4. Tá muid ag staidéar don scrúdú sa leabharlann.
5. Tá siad ag caint faoi na haimsir ar an bhfón.


Exercise 3: Answer the following questions using the correct preposition:
1. Tá an leabhar faoí an bord.


1. Tá an leabhar ar an mbord. (The book is on the table.)
2. Tá mé ag an doras.
2. Tagann an traein ag a hocht a chlog. (The train comes at eight o'clock.)
3. Bíonn mé ag dul ag siopadóireacht. (I go shopping.)
4. Tá mé i mo chónaí i mBaile Átha Cliath. (I live in Dublin.)
5. Bím ag siúl le mo chara go dtí an scoil. (I walk to school with my friend.)


Congratulations! You have completed the practice exercises. By actively engaging with the material and applying your knowledge, you are reinforcing your understanding of common prepositions in Irish.
3. Is é do mo chara.


== Conclusion ==
4. Tháinig mé as an teach.


In this lesson, we have explored the importance of common prepositions in the Irish language. We have learned how prepositions function in Irish sentences and examined a variety of common prepositions, their meanings, and their usage in different contexts. We have also delved into regional variations in the usage of prepositions and discussed cultural insights related to the topic.
5. Tar éis an ithe.


Through a series of exercises and practice scenarios, you have had the opportunity to apply what you have learned and reinforce your understanding of common prepositions in Irish. By completing these exercises, you have gained practical experience in using prepositions accurately and effectively.
==== Exercise 3: Sentence Creation ====


As you continue your journey in learning the Irish language, remember to practice using prepositions in context and explore additional resources to further expand your knowledge. Developing a strong understanding of common prepositions will greatly enhance your ability to express yourself in Irish and deepen your connection to the rich linguistic and cultural heritage of Ireland.
1. Tá mé i mo sheomra. (I am in my room.)


Go n-éirí an t-ádh leat! (Good luck!)
2. Tá an leabhar ar an tábla. (The book is on the table.)


{{Irish-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
3. Tá mé ag an doras. (I am at the door.)
 
4. Is é do mo chara. (He is your friend.)
 
5. Tá mé le mo mháthair. (I am with my mother.)
 
==== Exercise 4: Matching ====
 
1 - b
 
2 - c
 
3 - d
 
4 - a
 
==== Exercise 5: True or False ====
 
1. False
 
2. True
 
3. True
 
4. True
 
==== Exercise 6: Sentence Correction ====
 
1. Tá sé ag an doras.
 
2. Fuair mé é ó mo chara.
 
3. Is é an leabhar do.
 
4. Walk trí an páirce.
 
==== Exercise 7: Create Questions ====
 
1. Cá bhfuil tú i do sheomra? (Where are you in your room?)
 
2. Cad atá ar an tábla? (What is on the table?)
 
3. Ón áit a bhfuil tú? (From where are you?)
 
4. Cá bhfuil tú ag dul? (Where are you going?)
 
5. Cad é faoi an leabhar? (What is about the book?)
 
==== Exercise 8: Fill in the Correct Preposition ====
 
1. ar
 
2. do
 
3. ó
 
4. faoi
 
==== Exercise 9: Short Answer ====
 
1. Tá an cat ar an tábla. (The cat is on the table.)
 
2. Tusa an t-ainm. (Your name is ...)
 
3. Tá sé a hocht. (It is eight o'clock.)
 
4. Tá mé i mo sheomra. (I am in my room.)
 
==== Exercise 10: Rewrite the Sentences ====
 
1. Tá an cat faoi an tábla.
 
2. Fuair mé é ar an tábla.
 
3. Is é do an leabhar.
 
4. Walk ar an páirce.
 
=== Conclusion ===
 
Congratulations! You've now taken a significant step in your journey towards mastering Irish grammar. Understanding common prepositions is a fundamental part of constructing sentences and expressing relationships in the Irish language. With practice, you’ll become more comfortable using them in conversation. Remember to revisit these examples and exercises regularly to reinforce your understanding.
 
Keep exploring the beauty of the Irish language, and don't hesitate to reach out if you have questions or need further assistance.
 
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|keywords=Irish language, prepositions, grammar, learning Irish, beginner Irish
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about common prepositions in Irish, including examples and practice exercises to reinforce your understanding.
 
}}
 
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==Sources==
==Sources==

Latest revision as of 13:14, 2 August 2024

◀️ Travel Vocabulary — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Prepositional Pronouns ▶️

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Irish → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Common Prepositions

In this lesson, we’re going to dive into the world of prepositions in the Irish language. Prepositions are the little words that connect our nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other words in a sentence. They give spatial, temporal, and directional context. Understanding prepositions is crucial for building simple sentences and expressing relationships between different elements.

As a beginner, you might find prepositions a bit challenging at first, but don't worry! Once you get the hang of them, you’ll be able to create more complex sentences and communicate your thoughts more effectively.

We’ll cover the most common prepositions in Irish, along with their meanings and usage in sentences. To make it easier for you, we will provide plenty of examples and practice exercises to reinforce your learning.

Common Prepositions in Irish[edit | edit source]

Irish prepositions are typically short words that indicate relationships in time, place, and direction. Here are some of the most common prepositions you will encounter:

  • i (in)
  • ar (on)
  • ag (at)
  • do (to/for)
  • le (with)
  • ó (from)
  • trí (through)
  • roimh (before)
  • tar éis (after)
  • faoi (under/about)
  • i dtaobh (about/in relation to)
  • i gcoinne (against)
  • i láthair (in the presence of)
  • as (out of)
  • go (to/until)
  • de (of)
  • laistigh de (inside of)
  • lasmuigh de (outside of)
  • thar (over)
  • faoin (underneath)

Let’s explore these prepositions in detail, along with examples.

Examples of Common Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Here are some examples to illustrate how these prepositions are used in sentences.

Irish Pronunciation English
Tá mé i mo sheomra. Taw may ee muh shuhm-ra. I am in my room.
Tá an leabhar ar an tábla. Taw on la-har ar an taw-blah. The book is on the table.
Tá mé ag an doras. Taw may eg an dor-as. I am at the door.
Is é do mo chara. Is ay duh muh khar-a. He is your friend.
Tá mé le mo mháthair. Taw may leh muh wah-hir. I am with my mother.
Fuair mé é ó mo chara. Foor may ay oh muh khar-a. I got it from my friend.
Walk trí na páirce. Walk tree nah paw-rk-eh. Walk through the park.
Tá sé roimh an scoil. Taw shay roim an skoyl. It’s before the school.
Tar éis an ocras. Tar aysh an oh-kras. After the hunger.
Tá an cat faoi an bord. Taw an cat fee an bord. The cat is under the table.
I dtaobh an leabhar. Ee djow an la-har. About the book.
I gcoinne an fhuinneoige. Ee gwin-ye an win-yo-iga. Against the window.
Tá mé i láthair an dochtúra. Taw may ee law-har an duck-too-ra. I am in the presence of the doctor.
Tháinig sé as an teach. Haw-nee shay as an tahch. He came out of the house.
Téim go dtí an siopa. Tay-im guh jee an shop-a. I go to the shop.
De na daoine. Duh nah dee-nee. Of the people.
Tá sé laistigh de an teach. Taw shay lah-ish de an tahch. It’s inside of the house.
Tá an cat lasmuigh de an teach. Taw an cat lass-moy de an tahch. The cat is outside of the house.
Tá sé thar an gairdín. Taw shay har an gard-een. It is over the garden.
Tá sé faoin doras. Taw shay foyn dor-as. It is underneath the door.

Understanding Prepositions in Context[edit | edit source]

Now that we've seen examples of common prepositions, let’s delve a little deeper into how to use them in various contexts.

1. Spatial relationships: Prepositions like i (in), ar (on), and faoi (under) help describe where things are located. For instance, “Tá an leabhar ar an tábla” tells us the book is on the table, while “Tá an cat faoi an bord” indicates the cat is under the table.

2. Temporal relationships: Some prepositions also describe time. For example, “Tar éis an ocras” means "after the hunger," which indicates a time relationship.

3. Direction: Prepositions such as go (to) and trí (through) can show movement. For example, “Téim go dtí an siopa” translates to "I go to the shop."

4. Possession: The preposition do (to/for) can indicate possession or relationship. “Is é do mo chara” translates as "He is your friend."

5. Comparison: Prepositions are also used in comparative contexts. You might say “Tá sé i gcoinne an fhuinneoige” to express something against the window.

6. Idiomatic expressions: Some prepositions are used in specific phrases and idioms. For example, “i láthair” is often used in formal contexts to indicate presence.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Let’s put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises to help you practice using common prepositions in Irish.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blank[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition from the list below:

( i, ar, ag, do, le, ó, trí, roimh, tar éis, faoi )

1. Tá mé ___ mo sheomra.

2. Tá an leabhar ___ an tábla.

3. Tá mé ___ an doras.

4. Is é ___ mo chara.

5. Fuair mé é ___ mo chara.

6. Walk ___ na páirce.

7. Tá sé ___ an scoil.

8. Tar éis ___ an ocras.

9. Tá an cat ___ an bord.

10. I dtaobh ___ an leabhar.

Exercise 2: Translation[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Irish.

1. The book is under the table.

2. I am at the door.

3. He is your friend.

4. I came out of the house.

5. After the meal.

Exercise 3: Sentence Creation[edit | edit source]

Create sentences using the following prepositions.

1. i

2. ar

3. ag

4. do

5. le

Exercise 4: Matching[edit | edit source]

Match the Irish sentences with their English translations.

| Irish Sentence | English Translation |

|----------------|---------------------|

| 1. Tá an cat faoi an bord. | a. I am in my room. |

| 2. Is é do mo chara. | b. The cat is under the table. |

| 3. Fuair mé é ó mo chara. | c. He is your friend. |

| 4. Tá mé i mo sheomra. | d. I got it from my friend. |

Exercise 5: True or False[edit | edit source]

Decide whether the following statements about prepositions are true or false.

1. The preposition "ar" means "under."

2. "Faoi" is used to indicate location.

3. "Téim" means "I go."

4. "Roimh" is used for time-related expressions.

Exercise 6: Sentence Correction[edit | edit source]

Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.

1. Tá sé ar an doras. (It should mean "He is at the door.")

2. Fuair mé é laistigh de mo chara. (It should mean "I got it from my friend.")

3. Is é do an leabhar. (It should mean "It is your book.")

4. Walk do an páirce. (It should mean "walk through the park.")

Exercise 7: Create Questions[edit | edit source]

Formulate questions using the prepositions provided.

1. i

2. ar

3. ó

4. go

5. faoi

Exercise 8: Fill in the Correct Preposition[edit | edit source]

Choose the correct preposition to fill in the blanks.

1. Tá an leabhar ___ an tábla. (ar/i)

2. Is é ___ mo chara. (do/le)

3. Fuair mé é ___ mo chara. (ó/do)

4. Tá an cat ___ an bord. (faoi/ar)

Exercise 9: Short Answer[edit | edit source]

Answer the following questions in Irish.

1. Cá bhfuil an cat? (Where is the cat?)

2. Cad é do ainm? (What is your name?)

3. Cén t-am é? (What time is it?)

4. Cén áit atá tú? (Where are you?)

Exercise 10: Rewrite the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Rewrite the sentences using different prepositions where applicable.

1. Tá an cat ar an tábla.

2. Fuair mé é i mo sheomra.

3. Is é do mo chara.

4. Walk trí na páirce.

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blank[edit | edit source]

1. i

2. ar

3. ag

4. do

5. ó

6. trí

7. roimh

8. tar éis

9. faoi

10. i dtaobh

Exercise 2: Translation[edit | edit source]

1. Tá an leabhar faoí an bord.

2. Tá mé ag an doras.

3. Is é do mo chara.

4. Tháinig mé as an teach.

5. Tar éis an ithe.

Exercise 3: Sentence Creation[edit | edit source]

1. Tá mé i mo sheomra. (I am in my room.)

2. Tá an leabhar ar an tábla. (The book is on the table.)

3. Tá mé ag an doras. (I am at the door.)

4. Is é do mo chara. (He is your friend.)

5. Tá mé le mo mháthair. (I am with my mother.)

Exercise 4: Matching[edit | edit source]

1 - b

2 - c

3 - d

4 - a

Exercise 5: True or False[edit | edit source]

1. False

2. True

3. True

4. True

Exercise 6: Sentence Correction[edit | edit source]

1. Tá sé ag an doras.

2. Fuair mé é ó mo chara.

3. Is é an leabhar do.

4. Walk trí an páirce.

Exercise 7: Create Questions[edit | edit source]

1. Cá bhfuil tú i do sheomra? (Where are you in your room?)

2. Cad atá ar an tábla? (What is on the table?)

3. Ón áit a bhfuil tú? (From where are you?)

4. Cá bhfuil tú ag dul? (Where are you going?)

5. Cad é faoi an leabhar? (What is about the book?)

Exercise 8: Fill in the Correct Preposition[edit | edit source]

1. ar

2. do

3. ó

4. faoi

Exercise 9: Short Answer[edit | edit source]

1. Tá an cat ar an tábla. (The cat is on the table.)

2. Tusa an t-ainm. (Your name is ...)

3. Tá sé a hocht. (It is eight o'clock.)

4. Tá mé i mo sheomra. (I am in my room.)

Exercise 10: Rewrite the Sentences[edit | edit source]

1. Tá an cat faoi an tábla.

2. Fuair mé é ar an tábla.

3. Is é do an leabhar.

4. Walk ar an páirce.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You've now taken a significant step in your journey towards mastering Irish grammar. Understanding common prepositions is a fundamental part of constructing sentences and expressing relationships in the Irish language. With practice, you’ll become more comfortable using them in conversation. Remember to revisit these examples and exercises regularly to reinforce your understanding.

Keep exploring the beauty of the Irish language, and don't hesitate to reach out if you have questions or need further assistance.

Table of Contents - Irish Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Basic Sentence Structure


Numbers and Time


Questions and Answers


Family and Relationships


Possession and Pronouns


Food and Drink


Verb Conjugation


Hobbies and Activities


Adjectives and Adverbs


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions


Weather and Seasons


Irish History and Culture


Irish Literature and Folklore

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]




◀️ Travel Vocabulary — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Prepositional Pronouns ▶️

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