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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Lingala|Lingala]]  → [[Language/Lingala/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Forming Imperatives</div>
Welcome to the '''Lingala Grammar''' lesson on '''Forming Imperatives'''! This lesson is an exciting part of your journey in learning Lingala, a language rich in culture and expression. Understanding how to form imperatives is crucial as it allows you to give commands, make requests, or offer advice effectively in everyday situations. Whether you’re instructing someone to do something, asking for help, or suggesting an action, mastering imperative forms will enhance your communication skills in Lingala.
In this lesson, we will cover:
* The definition and usage of imperatives in Lingala.
* How to form imperatives for regular and irregular verbs.


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Lingala|Lingala]]  → [[Language/Lingala/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Imperatives and Commands → Forming Imperatives</div>
* Differences between formal and informal commands.
 
* A variety of examples to illustrate the concepts.
 
* Practice exercises to reinforce your learning.
 
So, let’s get started!


__TOC__
__TOC__


<h1>Forming Imperatives in Lingala</h1>
=== Understanding Imperatives ===
 
Imperatives are verbs used to give commands or make requests. In Lingala, they are direct and often reflect the urgency or importance of the action. For example, when you want someone to "come here," you will use the imperative form of the verb "to come."
 
In Lingala, imperatives can be directed towards one person (singular) or a group (plural). The form can also change slightly depending on whether you're speaking formally or informally.
 
=== Forming Imperatives ===
 
To form imperatives in Lingala, you generally start with the verb stem. Here’s how it works:
 
==== Regular Verbs ====
 
For regular verbs, the imperative form is straightforward. You usually drop the subject pronoun and use the verb stem directly.
 
''Example'': The verb "kolanda" (to follow) becomes "landa" in the imperative.
 
==== Irregular Verbs ====
 
Irregular verbs may have unique forms. It’s essential to learn these as they do not always follow the regular patterns.
 
''Example'': The verb "konda" (to meet) becomes "konde" in the imperative.
 
=== Examples of Imperatives ===
 
Let’s look at some common verbs and their imperative forms.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Lingala !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| Landa  || [ˈlandɑ] || Follow
 
|-
 
| Kende  || [ˈkɛndɛ] || Go
 
|-
 
| Zala  || [ˈzɑlɑ] || Stay
 
|-
 
| Tika  || [ˈtikɑ] || Leave
 
|-
 
| Senga  || [ˈsɛŋɡɑ] || Ask
 
|-
 
| Loba  || [ˈlɔbɑ] || Speak
 
|-
 
| Mema  || [ˈmɛmɑ] || Bring
 
|-
 
| Koma  || [ˈkɔmɑ] || Come
 
|-
 
| Tanga  || [ˈtɑŋɡɑ] || Read
 
|-
 
| Banga  || [ˈbɑŋɡɑ] || Call
 
|-
 
| Pesa  || [ˈpɛsɑ] || Give
 
|-
 
| Pona  || [ˈpɔnɑ] || Look
 
|-
 
| Sali  || [ˈsɑli] || Do
 
|-
 
| Kanga  || [ˈkɑŋɡɑ] || Hold
 
|-
 
| Tika  || [ˈtikɑ] || Stop
 
|-
 
| Kanga  || [ˈkɑŋɡɑ] || Catch
 
|-
 
| Zonga  || [ˈzɔŋɡɑ] || Return
 
|-
 
| Fanda  || [ˈfɑndɑ] || Sit
 
|-
 
| Leka  || [ˈlɛkɑ] || Leave
 
|-
 
| Bika  || [ˈbikɑ] || Wake up
 
|}
 
=== Formal vs. Informal Commands ===
 
In Lingala, the tone and context matter. When you are speaking to someone you respect or in a formal setting, you may want to use a more polite form of the imperative.
 
''Informal'': "Tika!" (Leave!)
 
''Formal'': "Tika, s'il vous plaît." (Please leave!)
 
It’s essential to gauge your audience and adjust your command accordingly.
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now that you have a good grasp of forming imperatives, let’s put your knowledge to the test!
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct imperative form of the verbs in parentheses.
 
1. __________ (kolanda) ngai! (Follow me!)
 
2. __________ (koma) awa! (Come here!)
 
3. __________ (senga) moto! (Ask someone!)
 
4. __________ (tanga) buku! (Read the book!)
 
5. __________ (mema) ngai! (Bring me!)
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. Landa ngai!
 
2. Koma awa!
 
3. Senga moto!
 
4. Tanga buku!
 
5. Mema ngai!
 
==== Exercise 2: Translate the Following Commands ====
 
Translate the following English commands to Lingala imperatives.
 
1. Go home!
 
2. Speak slowly!
 
3. Sit down!
 
4. Leave the room!
 
5. Call me later!
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. Kende na ndako!
 
2. Loba pole!
 
3. Fanda!
 
4. Tika salo!
 
5. Banga ngai kala!
 
==== Exercise 3: Identify the Formal Commands ====
 
Identify which of the following commands are formal.
 
1. Tika!
 
2. Tika, s'il vous plaît.
 
3. Landa!
 
4. Landa, na yo!
 
5. Kende, s'il vous plaît.
 
''Solutions:''
 
* Formal: 2, 5
 
* Informal: 1, 3, 4
 
==== Exercise 4: Create Your Own Commands ====
 
Write three imperative commands using the following verbs: "sali," "pesa," and "bika."
 
''Example Solutions:''
 
1. Sali mbongo! (Do the work!)
 
2. Pesa ngai! (Give me!)
 
3. Bika! (Wake up!)
 
==== Exercise 5: Match the Verb to the Imperative ====
 
Match the Lingala verbs with their correct imperative forms.
 
| Lingala Verb    | Imperative Form |
 
|------------------|------------------|
 
| Koma            | ________        |
 
| Zala            | ________        |
 
| Tika            | ________        |
 
''Solutions:''
 
* Koma - Koma
 
* Zala - Zala
 
* Tika - Tika
 
==== Exercise 6: Correct the Imperatives ====
 
Identify and correct the mistakes in the following imperative sentences.
 
1. Landa, s'il vous plaît.
 
2. Kende, na yo!
 
3. Tanga buku, s'il vous plaît!
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. Landa, s'il vous plaît. (Correct)
 
2. Kende, na yo! → Kende, s'il vous plaît!
 
3. Tanga buku, s'il vous plaît! (Correct)
 
==== Exercise 7: Fill in the Missing Pronouns ====
 
Fill in the missing pronouns in the following sentences.
 
1. __________ (Tika) awa! (Leave here!)
 
2. __________ (Mema) ngai! (Bring me!)
 
3. __________ (Kende) na ndako! (Go home!)
 
''Solutions:''


<p>Imperatives are used in Lingala to give commands, make requests, or offer advice. In this lesson, we will learn how to form imperatives in Lingala and how to use them in context.</p>
1. Tika awa!


<h2>Using the Stem of a Verb</h2>
2. Mema ngai!


<p>The imperative form of a verb is usually formed by using the stem of the verb, which is the base form of the verb without any prefix or suffix. For example, the stem of the verb "kosa" (to wash) is "kos".</p>
3. Kende na ndako!


<p>To form the imperative form, you simply add the appropriate suffix to the stem of the verb. The suffix you use depends on the subject pronoun you are addressing.</p>
==== Exercise 8: Create a Dialogue ====


<h2>Subject Pronouns in Imperatives</h2>
Create a short dialogue using at least five imperatives.


<p>In Lingala, the subject pronoun is typically not included in the imperative form. However, the suffix used to form the imperative depends on the subject pronoun you are addressing. Here are the different suffixes used to form imperatives in Lingala:</p>
''Example Solutions:''


<table class="wikitable">
A: Kende awa! (Go here!)
  <tr>
    <th>Subject Pronoun</th>
    <th>Suffix</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>2nd person singular (informal)</td>
    <td>-a</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>2nd person singular (formal)</td>
    <td>-e</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>2nd person plural (informal)</td>
    <td>-eni</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>2nd person plural (formal)</td>
    <td>-eni</td>
  </tr>
</table>


<p>Note that the suffix -e is often used for both the informal and formal second person singular.</p>
B: Tika! (Leave!)


<h2>Examples</h2>
A: Landa nga! (Follow me!)


<p>Here are some examples of how to form imperatives in Lingala:</p>
B: Senga moto! (Ask someone!)


<ul>
A: Loba pole! (Speak slowly!)
  <li><strong>Kosa!</strong> (Wash!) - second person singular informal. Here, we have taken the stem "kos" and added the suffix -a to address one person informally.</li>
  <li><strong>Kose!</strong> (Wash!) - second person singular formal. In this case, we have used the same stem "kos" but added the suffix -e to address one person formally.</li>
  <li><strong>Koseni!</strong> (Wash!) - second person plural informal/formal. Here, we have added the suffix -eni to the stem "kos" to address more than one person either formally or informally.</li>
</ul>


<h2>Using Imperatives in Context</h2>
==== Exercise 9: Use in Context ====


<p>Now that you know how to form imperatives in Lingala, it's important to know how to use them in context. Imperatives can be used in a variety of situations, from giving orders and commands to making polite requests and suggestions.</p>
Write a short paragraph using at least three imperatives in context.


<h3>Strong Commands</h3>
''Example Solutions:''


<p>When giving strong commands or orders, imperatives are typically short and to the point. Here are some examples:</p>
"Ngai, senga mama! (I’m asking mom!) Tika salo! (Leave the room!) Koma awa! (Come here!)"


<ul>
==== Exercise 10: Identify the Verb Forms ====
  <li><strong>Mola!</strong> (Stop!) - used to give a strong, direct order to someone to stop doing something immediately.</li>
  <li><strong>Fongola mingi!</strong> (Open wide!) - used in a medical context to tell a patient to open their mouth wide for examination.</li>
  <li><strong>Lekisa mboka!</strong> (Develop the country!) - used to express a strong desire for progress and development.</li>
</ul>


<h3>Polite Requests</h3>
Identify whether the verbs in the following sentences are in imperative or non-imperative form.


<p>When using imperatives to make polite requests, it's important to add a polite suffix or word to the imperative. Here are some examples:</p>
1. Loba na ngai.


<ul>
2. Kende na ndako.  
  <li><strong>Kosalaka, tata!</strong> (Please wash, sir!) - the polite suffix -laka has been added to the imperative form of the verb "kosa" to make a polite request.</li>
  <li><strong>Kotama, mama!</strong> (Please sit down, ma'am!) - the imperative form of the verb "lala" (to sit) has the polite suffix -tama added, along with the polite term "mama".</li>
</ul>


<h3>Suggestions and Advice</h3>
3. Landa pole!


<p>Imperatives can also be used to give suggestions or advice, often in the form of a question. Here are some examples:</p>
''Solutions:''


<ul>
1. Non-imperative
  <li><strong>Pepa lokola nani?</strong> (Why don't you try it?) - the imperative form of the verb "papa" (to try) has been used in the form of a question to suggest that someone try something.</li>
  <li><strong>Kokoma mingi soki olobi na likambo oyo?</strong> (Can you sing louder if you know the words?) - the imperative form of the verb "koma" (to sing) has been used in the form of a question to suggest that someone sing louder if they know the words.</li>
</ul>


<h2>Conclusion</h2>
2. Imperative


<p>Imperatives are an important part of communication in Lingala, used to give commands, make requests, or offer advice. By learning how to form imperatives and use them in context, you can effectively communicate with others in a variety of situations.</p>
3. Imperative
 
Congratulations! You’ve now taken significant steps toward mastering imperatives in Lingala. Keep practicing, and you’ll find yourself using these commands effortlessly in conversations. Remember, the more you engage with the language, the more comfortable you will become!


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{{#seo:
|title=Lingala Grammar → Imperatives and Commands → Forming Imperatives
 
|keywords=Lingala, Lingala Imperatives, Imperative Verbs, Lingala Commands
|title=Learn Lingala Imperatives
|description=Learn how to form imperatives in Lingala to give commands, make requests, or offer advice. By learning how to form imperatives and use them in context, you can effectively communicate with others in a variety of situations.
 
|keywords=Lingala grammar, imperatives, commands, learning Lingala, language exercises
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form imperatives in Lingala, enabling you to give commands, make requests, and offer advice effectively.
 
}}
}}


{{Lingala-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
{{Template:Lingala-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Course]]
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[[Category:Lingala-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 
==Sources==
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Lingala/Grammar Lingala Grammar]
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Lingala/Grammar Lingala/Grammar - LING073]
 
 
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/The-First-10-Verbs|The First 10 Verbs]]
* [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/Plural-forms|Plural forms]]
* [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/Wh--Questions|Wh Questions]]
* [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/Verb-to-be|Verb to be]]
* [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/Create-your-first-simple-sentences-in-the-affirmative|Create your first simple sentences in the affirmative]]
* [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/The-Future-Tense-To-Be|The Future Tense To Be]]
* [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/Subject-pronouns|Subject pronouns]]
* [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/Present-progressive-tense|Present progressive tense]]
 
 




{{Lingala-Page-Bottom}}
{{Lingala-Page-Bottom}}
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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Lingala/Vocabulary/Evening-Routine|◀️ Evening Routine — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Lingala/Grammar/Using-Commands-in-Context|Next Lesson — Using Commands in Context ▶️]]
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</span>

Latest revision as of 06:49, 2 August 2024

◀️ Evening Routine — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Using Commands in Context ▶️

Lingala-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Lingala → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Forming Imperatives

Welcome to the Lingala Grammar lesson on Forming Imperatives! This lesson is an exciting part of your journey in learning Lingala, a language rich in culture and expression. Understanding how to form imperatives is crucial as it allows you to give commands, make requests, or offer advice effectively in everyday situations. Whether you’re instructing someone to do something, asking for help, or suggesting an action, mastering imperative forms will enhance your communication skills in Lingala.

In this lesson, we will cover:

  • The definition and usage of imperatives in Lingala.
  • How to form imperatives for regular and irregular verbs.
  • Differences between formal and informal commands.
  • A variety of examples to illustrate the concepts.
  • Practice exercises to reinforce your learning.

So, let’s get started!

Understanding Imperatives[edit | edit source]

Imperatives are verbs used to give commands or make requests. In Lingala, they are direct and often reflect the urgency or importance of the action. For example, when you want someone to "come here," you will use the imperative form of the verb "to come."

In Lingala, imperatives can be directed towards one person (singular) or a group (plural). The form can also change slightly depending on whether you're speaking formally or informally.

Forming Imperatives[edit | edit source]

To form imperatives in Lingala, you generally start with the verb stem. Here’s how it works:

Regular Verbs[edit | edit source]

For regular verbs, the imperative form is straightforward. You usually drop the subject pronoun and use the verb stem directly.

Example: The verb "kolanda" (to follow) becomes "landa" in the imperative.

Irregular Verbs[edit | edit source]

Irregular verbs may have unique forms. It’s essential to learn these as they do not always follow the regular patterns.

Example: The verb "konda" (to meet) becomes "konde" in the imperative.

Examples of Imperatives[edit | edit source]

Let’s look at some common verbs and their imperative forms.

Lingala Pronunciation English
Landa [ˈlandɑ] Follow
Kende [ˈkɛndɛ] Go
Zala [ˈzɑlɑ] Stay
Tika [ˈtikɑ] Leave
Senga [ˈsɛŋɡɑ] Ask
Loba [ˈlɔbɑ] Speak
Mema [ˈmɛmɑ] Bring
Koma [ˈkɔmɑ] Come
Tanga [ˈtɑŋɡɑ] Read
Banga [ˈbɑŋɡɑ] Call
Pesa [ˈpɛsɑ] Give
Pona [ˈpɔnɑ] Look
Sali [ˈsɑli] Do
Kanga [ˈkɑŋɡɑ] Hold
Tika [ˈtikɑ] Stop
Kanga [ˈkɑŋɡɑ] Catch
Zonga [ˈzɔŋɡɑ] Return
Fanda [ˈfɑndɑ] Sit
Leka [ˈlɛkɑ] Leave
Bika [ˈbikɑ] Wake up

Formal vs. Informal Commands[edit | edit source]

In Lingala, the tone and context matter. When you are speaking to someone you respect or in a formal setting, you may want to use a more polite form of the imperative.

Informal: "Tika!" (Leave!)

Formal: "Tika, s'il vous plaît." (Please leave!)

It’s essential to gauge your audience and adjust your command accordingly.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you have a good grasp of forming imperatives, let’s put your knowledge to the test!

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct imperative form of the verbs in parentheses.

1. __________ (kolanda) ngai! (Follow me!)

2. __________ (koma) awa! (Come here!)

3. __________ (senga) moto! (Ask someone!)

4. __________ (tanga) buku! (Read the book!)

5. __________ (mema) ngai! (Bring me!)

Solutions:

1. Landa ngai!

2. Koma awa!

3. Senga moto!

4. Tanga buku!

5. Mema ngai!

Exercise 2: Translate the Following Commands[edit | edit source]

Translate the following English commands to Lingala imperatives.

1. Go home!

2. Speak slowly!

3. Sit down!

4. Leave the room!

5. Call me later!

Solutions:

1. Kende na ndako!

2. Loba pole!

3. Fanda!

4. Tika salo!

5. Banga ngai kala!

Exercise 3: Identify the Formal Commands[edit | edit source]

Identify which of the following commands are formal.

1. Tika!

2. Tika, s'il vous plaît.

3. Landa!

4. Landa, na yo!

5. Kende, s'il vous plaît.

Solutions:

  • Formal: 2, 5
  • Informal: 1, 3, 4

Exercise 4: Create Your Own Commands[edit | edit source]

Write three imperative commands using the following verbs: "sali," "pesa," and "bika."

Example Solutions:

1. Sali mbongo! (Do the work!)

2. Pesa ngai! (Give me!)

3. Bika! (Wake up!)

Exercise 5: Match the Verb to the Imperative[edit | edit source]

Match the Lingala verbs with their correct imperative forms.

| Lingala Verb | Imperative Form |

|------------------|------------------|

| Koma | ________ |

| Zala | ________ |

| Tika | ________ |

Solutions:

  • Koma - Koma
  • Zala - Zala
  • Tika - Tika

Exercise 6: Correct the Imperatives[edit | edit source]

Identify and correct the mistakes in the following imperative sentences.

1. Landa, s'il vous plaît.

2. Kende, na yo!

3. Tanga buku, s'il vous plaît!

Solutions:

1. Landa, s'il vous plaît. (Correct)

2. Kende, na yo! → Kende, s'il vous plaît!

3. Tanga buku, s'il vous plaît! (Correct)

Exercise 7: Fill in the Missing Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Fill in the missing pronouns in the following sentences.

1. __________ (Tika) awa! (Leave here!)

2. __________ (Mema) ngai! (Bring me!)

3. __________ (Kende) na ndako! (Go home!)

Solutions:

1. Tika awa!

2. Mema ngai!

3. Kende na ndako!

Exercise 8: Create a Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Create a short dialogue using at least five imperatives.

Example Solutions:

A: Kende awa! (Go here!)

B: Tika! (Leave!)

A: Landa nga! (Follow me!)

B: Senga moto! (Ask someone!)

A: Loba pole! (Speak slowly!)

Exercise 9: Use in Context[edit | edit source]

Write a short paragraph using at least three imperatives in context.

Example Solutions:

"Ngai, senga mama! (I’m asking mom!) Tika salo! (Leave the room!) Koma awa! (Come here!)"

Exercise 10: Identify the Verb Forms[edit | edit source]

Identify whether the verbs in the following sentences are in imperative or non-imperative form.

1. Loba na ngai.

2. Kende na ndako.

3. Landa pole!

Solutions:

1. Non-imperative

2. Imperative

3. Imperative

Congratulations! You’ve now taken significant steps toward mastering imperatives in Lingala. Keep practicing, and you’ll find yourself using these commands effortlessly in conversations. Remember, the more you engage with the language, the more comfortable you will become!

Table of Contents - Lingala Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Conjugation


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Travel and Transportation


Lingala Culture and Traditions


Professions and Hobbies


Questions and Interrogatives


Daily Routines and Activities


Imperatives and Commands

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]




◀️ Evening Routine — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Using Commands in Context ▶️

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