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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Javanese|Javanese]]  → [[Language/Javanese/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Personal Pronouns</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Javanese|Javanese]]  → [[Language/Javanese/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Nouns and Pronouns → Personal Pronouns</div>
In the rich tapestry of the Javanese language, personal pronouns play a vital role in effective communication. They are the building blocks that allow you to express yourself, refer to others, and navigate conversations with ease and clarity. In this lesson, we will delve deep into the world of Javanese personal pronouns, exploring their forms, uses, and nuances.
 
Understanding personal pronouns is essential for any language learner, as they help establish relationships between the speaker, the listener, and the subject of conversation. In Javanese, personal pronouns can vary significantly based on the level of politeness required, reflecting the language's emphasis on respect and social hierarchy. This lesson will not only cover the basic forms of personal pronouns but will also provide you with practical examples and exercises to solidify your understanding.
 
'''Structure of the Lesson:'''
 
* '''Introduction to Personal Pronouns'''
 
* '''Types of Personal Pronouns in Javanese'''
 
* '''Usage of Personal Pronouns in Sentences'''
 
* '''Examples of Personal Pronouns'''
 
* '''Practice Exercises'''
 
* '''Conclusion'''


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== Introduction to Personal Pronouns ===
 
Personal pronouns are used to refer to specific people or things. In Javanese, these pronouns can change based on the formality of the situation and the relationship between the speaker and the listener. This makes mastering personal pronouns not just a matter of memorization but also of understanding social context.
 
=== Types of Personal Pronouns in Javanese ===
 
In Javanese, personal pronouns can be categorized into several groups based on the level of politeness and the number of persons they refer to.
 
==== Singular Pronouns ====
 
1. '''First Person Singular''': "Aku" (I)


In this lesson, you will learn about personal pronouns in Javanese. Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns and are used to refer to different people or things. Personal pronouns, in particular, refer to individuals or groups of people in a sentence, and are essential in everyday conversations.
2. '''Second Person Singular''': "Kowe" (You, informal)


Mastering personal pronouns is crucial for building fluency, as they are heavily used in both written and spoken Javanese. The use of personal pronouns reflects cultural identity and social status, making it an important aspect of communication in Javanese culture.
3. '''Second Person Singular (formal)''': "Panjenengan" (You, formal)


In this lesson, we will cover the different personal pronouns in Javanese, including their usage in sentences depending on the context. We will also provide cultural insights and interesting facts related to the use of personal pronouns in Javanese language and culture.
4. '''Third Person Singular''': "Dheweke" (He/She)


== Javanese Personal Pronouns ==
==== Plural Pronouns ====


Javanese personal pronouns are divided into three categories: singular, dual, and plural. The singular category addresses a single individual, the dual category addresses two individuals, and the plural category addresses three or more individuals.
1. '''First Person Plural''': "Kami" (We, exclusive) / "Kita" (We, inclusive)


=== Singular Personal Pronouns ===
2. '''Second Person Plural''': "Sampeyan" (You, polite)


The singular personal pronouns in Javanese are as follows:
3. '''Third Person Plural''': "Dheweke" (They)
 
==== Table of Personal Pronouns ====


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| aku  || /a.ku/ || I, me
 
| Aku || /aˈku/ || I
 
|-
|-
| kowe  || /ko.wə/ || you (informal)
 
| Kowe || /ˈkɔ.wɛ/ || You (informal)
 
|-
|-
| panjenengan || /paɲ.d͡ʒɛ.naŋ.ɡan/ || you (formal)
 
| Panjenengan || /pan.dʒəˈnɛŋ.ɡan/ || You (formal)
 
|-
|-
| ana || /a.na/ || he/she/it
|}


* "Aku" is the informal first-person singular pronoun commonly used in casual conversations. It is equivalent to the English "I" or "me."
| Dheweke || /dəˈwɛ.kɛ/ || He/She
* "Kowe" is the informal second-person singular pronoun used when addressing a close friend or acquaintance. It is equivalent to the English "you."
* "Panjenengan" is the formal second-person singular pronoun used to show respect towards someone who is older or in a higher social position. It is equivalent to the English "you."
* "Ana" is the third-person singular pronoun that refers to a person, object, or animal. It is equivalent to the English "he," "she," or "it."


=== Dual Personal Pronouns ===
|-


The dual personal pronouns in Javanese are as follows:
| Kami || /ˈka.mi/ || We (exclusive)


{| class="wikitable"
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| kithu || /ki.tʰu/ || we (you and I)
 
| Kita || /ˈki.ta/ || We (inclusive)
 
|-
|-
| kadhewe || /kɔ.d̪ʱɛ.wɛ/ || you (two)  
 
| Sampeyan || /sam.pəˈjaŋ/ || You (polite)
 
|-
|-
| sampeyan || /sampɛ.jɔn/ || you (formal and one more person)
 
|-
| Dheweke || /dəˈwɛ.kɛ/ || They
| tangane || /tɔ.ŋan.ɛ/ || he/she/it (two of them)
 
|}
|}


* "Kithu" refers to "we" when addressing someone you are familiar with. It is equivalent to the English "you and I."
=== Usage of Personal Pronouns in Sentences ===
* "Kadhewe" denotes "you two" when addressing two individuals. It is equivalent to the English "you two."
 
* "Sampeyan" is an honorific way of addressing two people. It is equivalent to the plural form of "panjenengan."
Using personal pronouns correctly in sentences is crucial for clear communication. Here are some basic structures to help you understand how to incorporate them into your conversations:
* "Tangane" refers to the third-person dual pronoun that refers to two people, objects, or animals. It is equivalent to the English "they."
 
1. '''Subject Pronoun Usage''': The personal pronoun can often serve as the subject of the sentence.
 
* Example: ''Aku arep mangan.'' (I want to eat.)
 
2. '''Object Pronoun Usage''': Personal pronouns can also function as the object of a verb.
 
* Example: ''Aku ndeleng kowe.'' (I see you.)
 
3. '''Possessive Pronoun Usage''': In some contexts, personal pronouns indicate possession.


=== Plural Personal Pronouns ===
* Example: ''Iki buku aku.'' (This is my book.)


The plural personal pronouns in Javanese are as follows:
==== Examples of Personal Pronouns in Context ====
 
To illustrate the usage, here are more examples in both Javanese and English.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Aku seneng banget. || /aˈku səˈnəŋ ˈbaŋət/ || I am very happy.
|-
| Kowe arep menyang ngendi? || /ˈkɔ.wɛ aˈrɛp mɛˈɲaŋ ˈɡɛn.di/ || Where are you going?
|-
| Panjenengan saking endi? || /pan.dʒəˈnɛŋ.ɡan ˈsa.kɪŋ ˈɛn.di/ || Where are you from (formal)?
|-
|-
| kita || /ki.tə/ || we (inclusive)
 
| Dheweke seneng dolanan. || /dəˈwɛ.kɛ səˈnəŋ doˈla.nan/ || He/She enjoys playing.
 
|-
|-
| awakku || /a.wak.ku/ || we (exclusive)
 
| Kami arep longok bareng. || /ˈka.mi aˈrɛp ˈloŋ.ɔk ˈba.rɛŋ/ || We want to look together.
 
|-
|-
| kowé kabeh || /ko.wə ka.bəh/ || you all
 
| Kita bakal ngumpul ing rumah. || /ˈki.ta ˈba.kal ˈŋum.pul iŋ ˈru.mah/ || We will gather at home.
 
|-
|-
| sampeyan || /sampɛ.jɔn/ || you all (formal)
 
| Sampeyan punika pundi? || /sam.pəˈjaŋ ˈpu.nɪ.kə ˈpun.di/ || Where are you (polite)?
 
|-
|-
| marang wonge || /ma.raŋ wɔ.ŋɛ/ || they
 
| Dheweke ana ing kene. || /dəˈwɛ.kɛ ˈa.na iŋ ˈkɛn.ɛ/ || They are here.
 
|}
|}


* "Kita" refers to "we" as a group that includes the listener, and is commonly used in collective conversations. It is equivalent to the English "we."
=== Practice Exercises ===
* "Awakku" denotes "we" as a group that does not include the listener. It is equivalent to the English "we."
 
* "Kowé kabeh" addresses a group of people informally. It is equivalent to the English "you all."
Now that you've explored personal pronouns, it's time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises designed to help reinforce what you've learned.
* "Sampeyan" is an honorific way of addressing a group of people. It is the formal plural form of "panjenengan."
 
* "Marang wonge" refers to "they" and includes multiple people, objects or animals. It is equivalent to the English "they."
1. '''Fill in the Blanks''': Choose the correct personal pronoun to complete the sentences.
 
* a. _____ are going to the market. (Aku/Kowe)
 
* b. _____ is my friend. (Dheweke/Sampeyan)
 
* c. Where is _____? (Kowe/Panjenengan)
 
2. '''Translate the Sentences''': Translate the following sentences into Javanese.
 
* a. I want to drink.
 
* b. You are my teacher.
 
* c. They will come tomorrow.
 
3. '''Match the Pronouns''': Match the personal pronouns with their English translations.
 
* Column A:
 
* 1. Aku
 
* 2. Panjenengan
 
* 3. Kami
 
* Column B:
 
* a. We
 
* b. You (formal)
 
* c. I
 
4. '''Correct the Mistakes''': Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
 
* a. Kowe arep lunga? (You want to go?)
 
* b. Aku seneng dheweke. (I like they.)
 
* c. Panjenengan mangkat? (You (formal) are leaving?)
 
5. '''Create Your Own Sentences''': Write three sentences using different personal pronouns.
 
6. '''Pronoun Identification''': Read the following sentences and identify the personal pronouns used.
 
* a. Aku lan kowe kudu sinau. (I and you have to study.)
 
* b. Dheweke mangkat menyang sekolah. (He/She goes to school.)
 
* c. Kita kabeh seneng dolanan. (We all enjoy playing.)
 
7. '''Choose the Correct Form''': Choose the correct personal pronoun based on the context.
 
* a. _____ (Dheweke/Dheweke) are going to the party. (He/She)
 
* b. _____ (Kita/Kami) will play together. (We inclusive/We exclusive)


== Usage of Personal Pronouns ==
* c. _____ (Kowe/Panjenengan) have a nice dress. (You informal/You formal)


Personal pronouns are used in Javanese to refer to individuals or groups in sentences. The usage of personal pronouns depends on the context and the level of formality of the conversation.
8. '''Role Play''': With a partner, create a short dialogue that includes various personal pronouns.


In Javanese, personal pronouns can be used as the subject, object, or possessive form of a sentence. For example, "Aku kowe" translates to "I (am) you" in English, whereas "Kowe aku" translates to "You (are) me." The context and sentence structure can convey different meanings in Javanese.
9. '''Listening Exercise''': Listen to a Javanese speaker use personal pronouns in sentences. Write down what you hear and translate it.


Furthermore, the use of personal pronouns reflects social hierarchy and can indicate the level of respect towards the speaker or the listener. It is important to be aware of the social dynamics and cultural nuances when using personal pronouns in Javanese.
10. '''Reflection''': Write a short paragraph about why understanding personal pronouns is important in Javanese culture.


For example, the use of "panjenengan" implies a higher level of social status and respect than "kowe." In formal situations, it is common to use "panjenengan" to address someone who is in a higher social rank or to show respect towards an elderly person. Meanwhile, "kita" and "awakku" denote different levels of inclusiveness when referring to a group of people.
=== Conclusion ===


== Interesting facts ==
In this lesson, you have learned about personal pronouns in Javanese, their forms, and how to use them in sentences. By mastering personal pronouns, you are taking a significant step towards effective communication in Javanese. Remember that the context and level of politeness play crucial roles in determining which pronoun to use. Practice regularly, engage in conversations, and don’t hesitate to experiment with the language.


- Javanese language has a unique form of personal pronouns that includes dual forms. This is because the Javanese culture gives importance to the concept of "dua sejoli," which means "two souls in one love." The dual personal pronouns are used to emphasize the intimate relationship between two people, such as a couple.
As you continue on your journey to mastering Javanese, keep these personal pronouns in mind—they are your keys to connecting with others in this beautiful language!
- The use of personal pronouns reflects social status and hierarchy in Javanese culture. It is common for people to use personal pronouns that indicate their position in society, such as "aku" for lower class individuals and "panjenengan" for higher class individuals.
- Personal pronouns are also used to indicate the level of familiarity and closeness between the speaker and the listener. For example, using "kowe" between friends indicates a close relationship, whereas using "panjenengan" implies a formal and respectful relationship.


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|keywords=Learn Javanese, Javanese Personal Pronouns, Javanese Language, Javanese Culture
|title=Learn Javanese Personal Pronouns
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about personal pronouns in Javanese. Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns and are used to refer to different people or things. Personal pronouns, in particular, refer to individuals or groups of people in a sentence, and are essential in everyday conversations.
 
|keywords=Javanese, personal pronouns, language learning, grammar, beginners, Javanese course
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Javanese personal pronouns and how to use them effectively in sentences. Perfect for beginners looking to enhance their communication skills in Javanese.
 
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==Sources==
* [http://mylanguages.org/javanese_pronouns.php Javanese Pronouns]




==Related Lessons==
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Descriptive-Adjectives|Descriptive Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Descriptive-Adjectives|Descriptive Adjectives]]
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* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]


{{Javanese-Page-Bottom}}
{{Javanese-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Javanese/Vocabulary/Telling-Time|◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Possessive-Pronouns|Next Lesson — Possessive Pronouns ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 04:41, 2 August 2024

◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Possessive Pronouns ▶️

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Javanese → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Personal Pronouns

In the rich tapestry of the Javanese language, personal pronouns play a vital role in effective communication. They are the building blocks that allow you to express yourself, refer to others, and navigate conversations with ease and clarity. In this lesson, we will delve deep into the world of Javanese personal pronouns, exploring their forms, uses, and nuances.

Understanding personal pronouns is essential for any language learner, as they help establish relationships between the speaker, the listener, and the subject of conversation. In Javanese, personal pronouns can vary significantly based on the level of politeness required, reflecting the language's emphasis on respect and social hierarchy. This lesson will not only cover the basic forms of personal pronouns but will also provide you with practical examples and exercises to solidify your understanding.

Structure of the Lesson:

  • Introduction to Personal Pronouns
  • Types of Personal Pronouns in Javanese
  • Usage of Personal Pronouns in Sentences
  • Examples of Personal Pronouns
  • Practice Exercises
  • Conclusion

Introduction to Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Personal pronouns are used to refer to specific people or things. In Javanese, these pronouns can change based on the formality of the situation and the relationship between the speaker and the listener. This makes mastering personal pronouns not just a matter of memorization but also of understanding social context.

Types of Personal Pronouns in Javanese[edit | edit source]

In Javanese, personal pronouns can be categorized into several groups based on the level of politeness and the number of persons they refer to.

Singular Pronouns[edit | edit source]

1. First Person Singular: "Aku" (I)

2. Second Person Singular: "Kowe" (You, informal)

3. Second Person Singular (formal): "Panjenengan" (You, formal)

4. Third Person Singular: "Dheweke" (He/She)

Plural Pronouns[edit | edit source]

1. First Person Plural: "Kami" (We, exclusive) / "Kita" (We, inclusive)

2. Second Person Plural: "Sampeyan" (You, polite)

3. Third Person Plural: "Dheweke" (They)

Table of Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Javanese Pronunciation English
Aku /aˈku/ I
Kowe /ˈkɔ.wɛ/ You (informal)
Panjenengan /pan.dʒəˈnɛŋ.ɡan/ You (formal)
Dheweke /dəˈwɛ.kɛ/ He/She
Kami /ˈka.mi/ We (exclusive)
Kita /ˈki.ta/ We (inclusive)
Sampeyan /sam.pəˈjaŋ/ You (polite)
Dheweke /dəˈwɛ.kɛ/ They

Usage of Personal Pronouns in Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using personal pronouns correctly in sentences is crucial for clear communication. Here are some basic structures to help you understand how to incorporate them into your conversations:

1. Subject Pronoun Usage: The personal pronoun can often serve as the subject of the sentence.

  • Example: Aku arep mangan. (I want to eat.)

2. Object Pronoun Usage: Personal pronouns can also function as the object of a verb.

  • Example: Aku ndeleng kowe. (I see you.)

3. Possessive Pronoun Usage: In some contexts, personal pronouns indicate possession.

  • Example: Iki buku aku. (This is my book.)

Examples of Personal Pronouns in Context[edit | edit source]

To illustrate the usage, here are more examples in both Javanese and English.

Javanese Pronunciation English
Aku seneng banget. /aˈku səˈnəŋ ˈbaŋət/ I am very happy.
Kowe arep menyang ngendi? /ˈkɔ.wɛ aˈrɛp mɛˈɲaŋ ˈɡɛn.di/ Where are you going?
Panjenengan saking endi? /pan.dʒəˈnɛŋ.ɡan ˈsa.kɪŋ ˈɛn.di/ Where are you from (formal)?
Dheweke seneng dolanan. /dəˈwɛ.kɛ səˈnəŋ doˈla.nan/ He/She enjoys playing.
Kami arep longok bareng. /ˈka.mi aˈrɛp ˈloŋ.ɔk ˈba.rɛŋ/ We want to look together.
Kita bakal ngumpul ing rumah. /ˈki.ta ˈba.kal ˈŋum.pul iŋ ˈru.mah/ We will gather at home.
Sampeyan punika pundi? /sam.pəˈjaŋ ˈpu.nɪ.kə ˈpun.di/ Where are you (polite)?
Dheweke ana ing kene. /dəˈwɛ.kɛ ˈa.na iŋ ˈkɛn.ɛ/ They are here.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you've explored personal pronouns, it's time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises designed to help reinforce what you've learned.

1. Fill in the Blanks: Choose the correct personal pronoun to complete the sentences.

  • a. _____ are going to the market. (Aku/Kowe)
  • b. _____ is my friend. (Dheweke/Sampeyan)
  • c. Where is _____? (Kowe/Panjenengan)

2. Translate the Sentences: Translate the following sentences into Javanese.

  • a. I want to drink.
  • b. You are my teacher.
  • c. They will come tomorrow.

3. Match the Pronouns: Match the personal pronouns with their English translations.

  • Column A:
  • 1. Aku
  • 2. Panjenengan
  • 3. Kami
  • Column B:
  • a. We
  • b. You (formal)
  • c. I

4. Correct the Mistakes: Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.

  • a. Kowe arep lunga? (You want to go?)
  • b. Aku seneng dheweke. (I like they.)
  • c. Panjenengan mangkat? (You (formal) are leaving?)

5. Create Your Own Sentences: Write three sentences using different personal pronouns.

6. Pronoun Identification: Read the following sentences and identify the personal pronouns used.

  • a. Aku lan kowe kudu sinau. (I and you have to study.)
  • b. Dheweke mangkat menyang sekolah. (He/She goes to school.)
  • c. Kita kabeh seneng dolanan. (We all enjoy playing.)

7. Choose the Correct Form: Choose the correct personal pronoun based on the context.

  • a. _____ (Dheweke/Dheweke) are going to the party. (He/She)
  • b. _____ (Kita/Kami) will play together. (We inclusive/We exclusive)
  • c. _____ (Kowe/Panjenengan) have a nice dress. (You informal/You formal)

8. Role Play: With a partner, create a short dialogue that includes various personal pronouns.

9. Listening Exercise: Listen to a Javanese speaker use personal pronouns in sentences. Write down what you hear and translate it.

10. Reflection: Write a short paragraph about why understanding personal pronouns is important in Javanese culture.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, you have learned about personal pronouns in Javanese, their forms, and how to use them in sentences. By mastering personal pronouns, you are taking a significant step towards effective communication in Javanese. Remember that the context and level of politeness play crucial roles in determining which pronoun to use. Practice regularly, engage in conversations, and don’t hesitate to experiment with the language.

As you continue on your journey to mastering Javanese, keep these personal pronouns in mind—they are your keys to connecting with others in this beautiful language!

Table of Contents - Javanese Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Sentence Structure


Numbers and Time


Nouns and Pronouns


Family and Relationships


Verbs and Tenses


Food and Drinks


Adjectives and Adverbs


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Javanese Customs and Etiquette

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Possessive Pronouns ▶️

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