Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary/Cardinal-Numbers

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Halh Mongolian → Vocabulary → 0 to A1 Course → Cardinal Numbers

Welcome to our lesson on cardinal numbers in Halh Mongolian! Understanding numbers is foundational for any language learner, and it's particularly essential in Halh Mongolian, where numbers are often used in everyday conversations, shopping, asking for directions, and much more. This lesson will not only teach you how to count but also how to express quantities in a way that feels natural and intuitive.

In this lesson, we will cover:

• The basic cardinal numbers from one to ten

• How to form numbers beyond ten

• Practical examples of using cardinal numbers in sentences

• A variety of exercises to test your understanding

By the end of this lesson, you should feel comfortable using Halh Mongolian cardinal numbers in your everyday life. So, let’s dive in!

Basic Cardinal Numbers

Cardinal numbers are the numbers we use for counting. In Halh Mongolian, these numbers also play a significant role in various contexts. Let's start with the most fundamental numbers.

Numbers from One to Ten

Here’s a table that outlines the basic cardinal numbers from one to ten in Halh Mongolian:

Halh Mongolian	Pronunciation	English
нэг	neg	one
хоёр	khoyor	two
гурван	gurvan	three
дөрөв	döröv	four
тав	tav	five
зургаа	zurgaa	six
долоо	doloo	seven
найм	naim	eight
ес	yes	nine
арав	arav	ten

As you can see, the structure of the numbers is quite straightforward. The pronunciation is similar to how they are spelled, which makes it easier for beginners to grasp.

Forming Numbers Beyond Ten

Once you’re comfortable with the numbers from one to ten, forming larger numbers becomes a breeze! Here’s how to extend cardinal numbers beyond ten:

• 11 to 19: Combine the word for ten (арав, arav) with the numbers one to nine.

• For example, eleven is "арав нэг" (arav neg) and twelve is "арав хоёр" (arav khoyor).

• Multiples of Ten: For multiples of ten, simply use the word for the base number and add "ар" (ar) at the end.

• For example, twenty is "хорь" (khor), thirty is "гуч" (guch), and so on.

• Combining Numbers: For numbers like twenty-one, you combine the multiples of ten with the unit.

• For example, twenty-one is "хорь нэг" (khor neg), and twenty-two is "хорь хоёр" (khor khoyor).

Here is a table for reference:

Halh Mongolian	Pronunciation	English
арван нэг	arvan neg	eleven
арван хоёр	arvan khoyor	twelve
арван гурван	arvan gurvan	thirteen
арван дөрөв	arvan döröv	fourteen
арван тав	arvan tav	fifteen
арван зургаа	arvan zurgaa	sixteen
арван долоо	arvan doloo	seventeen
арван найм	arvan naim	eighteen
арван ес	arvan yes	nineteen
хорь	khor	twenty

Using Cardinal Numbers in Sentences

Now that you have the basic numbers down, let’s explore how to use them in sentences. Here are some practical examples:

1. I have one book.

• Би нэг номтой. (Bi neg nomtoi.)

2. There are two apples.

• Хоёр алим байна. (Khoyor alim baina.)

3. I want three cups of tea.

• Би гурван аяга цай хүсч байна. (Bi gurvan ayaga tsai khüsch baina.)

4. He has four brothers.

• Тэр дөрөв ахтай. (Ter döröv akhtai.)

5. We need five chairs.

• Бид таван сандал хэрэгтэй. (Bid tavan sandal kheregtei.)

6. She bought six flowers.

• Тэр зургаан цэцэг худалдаж авсан. (Ter zurgaan tsetség khudaldaj avsan.)

7. They have seven cars.

• Тэд долоо машинтай. (Ted doloo mashintai.)

8. I see eight birds.

• Би найман шувуу харж байна. (Bi naiman shuvuu kharj baina.)

9. There are nine students in the class.

• Ангид ес сурагч байна. (Angid yes suragch baina.)

10. He has ten friends.

• Тэр арав найзтай. (Ter arav naiztai.)

Practical Exercises

Now that you have a solid understanding of cardinal numbers, let’s put your skills to the test with some exercises!

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentences with the correct cardinal number.

1. Би ________ номтой. (I have ________ books.)

2. Тэд ________ машинтай. (They have ________ cars.)

3. Тэр ________ цэцэг худалдаж авсан. (She bought ________ flowers.)

Answers:

1. нэг (neg)

2. долоо (doloo)

3. зургаан (zurgaan)

Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences

Translate the following sentences into Halh Mongolian.

1. I want two cups of tea.

2. There are five apples.

3. He has three brothers.

Answers:

1. Би хоёр аяга цай хүсч байна. (Bi khoyor ayaga tsai khüsch baina.)

2. Тэнд таван алим байна. (Tend tavan alim baina.)

3. Тэр гурван ахтай. (Ter gurvan akhtai.)

Exercise 3: Number Matching

Match the English numbers with their Halh Mongolian equivalents.

1. Four

2. Seven

3. Ten

Answers:

1. дөрөв (döröv)

2. долоо (doloo)

3. арав (arav)

Exercise 4: Create Sentences

Use the following numbers to create sentences in Halh Mongolian.

1. 6

2. 9

3. 8

Answers:

1. Би зургаан номтой. (I have six books.)

2. Ангид найман сурагч байна. (There are eight students in the class.)

3. Тэр ес цэцэг худалдаж авсан. (She bought nine flowers.)

Exercise 5: Listening Practice

Listen to the following numbers and write them down in Halh Mongolian.

1. 1

2. 5

3. 3

Answers:

1. нэг (neg)

2. тав (tav)

3. гурван (gurvan)

Exercise 6: Number Formation

Write down the Halh Mongolian names for the following numbers.

1. 12

2. 15

3. 20

Answers:

1. арван хоёр (arvan khoyor)

2. арван тав (arvan tav)

3. хорь (khor)

Exercise 7: Count the Objects

Count the objects in your room and express the quantity in Halh Mongolian.

Answers will vary based on the objects counted; encourage students to practice.

Exercise 8: Create a Dialogue

Create a short dialogue using at least three cardinal numbers in Halh Mongolian.

Example Answer:

• Person A: Танд хэдэн ном байна? (How many books do you have?)

• Person B: Би гурван номтой. (I have three books.)

Exercise 9: Quiz Your Partner

Pair up with a classmate and quiz each other on cardinal numbers.

Answers will vary based on interaction; encourage creativity.

Exercise 10: Number Chart

Create a number chart from one to twenty in Halh Mongolian.

Answers will vary; encourage students to use the vocabulary learned in the lesson.

Conclusion

Congratulations on completing this lesson on cardinal numbers in Halh Mongolian! You’ve learned how to count from one to ten, how to form larger numbers, and how to use them in practical sentences. Remember that practice is key to mastering these concepts, so keep using numbers in your daily conversations. Don't hesitate to refer back to this lesson as you continue your journey in learning Halh Mongolian. Keep up the great work, and happy learning!

Table of Contents - Halh Mongolian Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Introduction to the Halh Mongolian Alphabet

• Cyrillic Script
• Vowel Harmony

  ---

Basic Greetings and Expressions

• Greetings
• Polite Expressions

  ---

Nouns and Pronouns

• Noun Cases
• Personal Pronouns

  ---

Numbers and Time

• Cardinal Numbers
• Ordinal Numbers
• Telling Time

  ---

Verbs and Tenses

• Present Tense
• Past Tense
• Future Tense

  ---

Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationships

  ---

Adjectives and Adverbs

• Adjectives
• Adverbs

  ---

Food and Dining

• Common Foods
• Dining Phrases

  ---

Prepositions and Conjunctions

• Prepositions
• Conjunctions

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Travel Phrases

  ---

Mongolian Customs and Traditions

• Traditional Holidays
• Mongolian Etiquette

  ---

Weather and Seasons

• Weather Vocabulary
• Seasons

  ---

Mongolian Music and Arts

• Traditional Music
• Visual Arts

Other Lessons

• Fruits
• Family and Relationships
• Dining Phrases
• At the Post Office
• Business and Economy
• Days of the week
• Clothes
• Telling Time
• Seasons
• Nature

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