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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Catalan|Catalan]]  → [[Language/Catalan/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Coordinating Conjunctions</div>
In this lesson, we will dive into the exciting world of '''coordinating conjunctions''' in Catalan. You may wonder, “What exactly are coordinating conjunctions, and why are they important?” Well, coordinating conjunctions are essential tools that allow us to connect words, phrases, and clauses to create more complex and interesting sentences. They help us express relationships between ideas, whether we want to add, contrast, or choose between them.
Understanding how to use these conjunctions will not only enhance your speaking and writing skills but also help you sound more fluent in Catalan. As you progress on your language journey, mastering these little connectors will give you the freedom to express your thoughts and ideas in richer ways.
In this lesson, we will cover:
* '''What are Coordinating Conjunctions?'''
* '''Types of Coordinating Conjunctions'''
* '''Examples and Usage'''
* '''Exercises for Practice'''
* '''Solutions and Explanations'''


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Catalan|Catalan]]  → [[Language/Catalan/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Coordinating Conjunctions</div>
So, let’s get started!


__TOC__
__TOC__


==Introduction==
=== What are Coordinating Conjunctions? ===
 
Coordinating conjunctions are words that link items of equal importance. In Catalan, just like in English, we use them to join words, phrases, or independent clauses. The most common coordinating conjunctions in Catalan are:
 
* '''i''' (and)
 
* '''o''' (or)
 
* '''però''' (but)
 
* '''ni''' (nor)
 
* '''sinó''' (but rather)
 
=== Types of Coordinating Conjunctions ===
 
Let’s take a closer look at each type of coordinating conjunction and how they function in sentences.
 
==== Conjunction "i" (and) ====
 
The conjunction '''i''' is used to add information. It connects similar elements, allowing you to list items or ideas.
 
Examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| M'agrada el pa i el formatge. || məˈɡɾaðə el ˈpa i el fɔɾˈmatʒe || I like bread and cheese.
 
|-
 
| El sol brilla i la pluja para. || el ˈsol ˈbɾiʎə i lə ˈpluʒə ˈpaɾə || The sun shines and the rain stops.
 
|}
 
==== Conjunction "o" (or) ====
 
The conjunction '''o''' presents alternatives or choices between two elements.
 
Examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| Vols cafè o te? || vɔls kəˈfɛ o ˈte || Do you want coffee or tea?
 
|-
 
| Preferiu llegir o escriure? || pɾefeˈɾiw ʎəˈʒiɾ o esˈkɾiwɾe || Do you prefer to read or to write?
 
|}
 
==== Conjunction "però" (but) ====
 
The conjunction '''però''' is used to contrast two different ideas or statements.
 
Examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| Ella és alta, però jo sóc baix. || ˈɛʎə ɛs ˈaltə, pəˈɾo ʒu sɔk ˈβaɪʃ || She is tall, but I am short.
 
|-
 
| M'agrada el futbol, però prefereixo el bàsquet. || məˈɡɾaðə el ˈfubɔl, pəˈɾo pɾefeˈɾeiʃu el ˈβaskɛt || I like football, but I prefer basketball.
 
|}
 
==== Conjunction "ni" (nor) ====
 
The conjunction '''ni''' is used to express negative options or to continue a negative statement.
 
Examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| No menjo ni pa ni formatge. || nu ˈmɛnʒu ni ˈpa ni fɔɾˈmatʒe || I eat neither bread nor cheese.
 
|-
 
| Ni ell ni ella volen venir. || ni ɛʎ ni ˈɛʎə ˈvɔlen bəˈniɾ || Neither he nor she wants to come.
 
|}
 
==== Conjunction "sinó" (but rather) ====
 
The conjunction '''sinó''' is used to correct or clarify a previous statement.
 
Examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| No és un llibre sinó una revista. || nu ɛs un ˈʎiβɾə siˈno unə reˈvistə || It is not a book but rather a magazine.
 
|-
 
| No parlem d'això sinó d'altres coses. || nu pəˈɾlɛm dəˈaɪʃo siˈno ðalˈtɾəs ˈkuzəs || We are not talking about this but rather about other things.
 
|}
 
=== Summary of Coordinating Conjunctions ===
 
Here’s a quick summary of the coordinating conjunctions we have discussed:
 
* '''i''' (and) - Adds elements together.
 
* '''o''' (or) - Offers choices between elements.
 
* '''però''' (but) - Contrasts different elements.
 
* '''ni''' (nor) - Continues a negative statement.
 
* '''sinó''' (but rather) - Corrects or clarifies a previous statement.
 
=== Exercises for Practice ===
 
Now that you have a solid understanding of coordinating conjunctions, let’s practice! Below are some exercises to help reinforce what you’ve learned.
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the following sentences using the correct coordinating conjunction (i, o, però, ni, sinó).
 
1. Ella vol menjar pizza ___ pasta.
 
2. No m'agrada el gelat ___ el pastís.
 
3. Ells no van a la festa, ___ es queden a casa.
 
4. Vols fer-ho avui ___ demà?
 
5. No és un bon llibre ___ una mala pel·lícula.
 
==== Exercise 2: Match the Sentences ====
 
Match the two halves of the sentences using the correct conjunction.
 
1. M'agrada el cinema, 
 
2. No m'agrada el soroll, 
 
3. O vas a la platja, 
 
4. Ell no parla anglès, 
 
5. No és un restaurant, 
 
A. sinó un bar. 
 
B. però m'agrada llegir. 
 
C. o et quedes a casa. 
 
D. sinó una pel·lícula. 
 
E. ni alemany.
 
==== Exercise 3: Translation Practice ====
 
Translate the following sentences into Catalan using the appropriate conjunctions.
 
1. I like apples and oranges.
 
2. Do you want tea or coffee?
 
3. She is smart, but he is lazy.
 
4. I eat neither bread nor butter.
 
5. It is not a cat but rather a dog.
 
==== Exercise 4: Sentence Creation ====


In Catalan, coordinating conjunctions are important elements in joining words, phrases, and clauses in sentences. They serve a similar purpose as in English, such as coordinating ideas and indicating relationships between them. In this lesson, we will learn about the commonly used coordinating conjunctions in Catalan, how to use them, and the different contexts where they are appropriate.
Create your own sentences using each of the coordinating conjunctions. Write at least one sentence for each conjunction.


1. i:


<span link>Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Ablative-Case-in-Catalan|Ablative Case in Catalan]] & [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Dative-Case-in-Catalan|Dative Case in Catalan]].</span>
2. o:
==The Basics of Coordinating Conjunctions==


Coordinating conjunctions are words that connect two elements of equal grammatical rank in a sentence. These elements can be single words or phrases, as well as clauses. Coordinating conjunctions serve to join two grammatically identical structures in a sentence, such as two subjects, two verbs, or two adjectives, among others. In Catalan, coordinating conjunctions do not change the word order or the case of the connected elements.
3. però:


===List of Coordinating Conjunctions===
4. ni:


Here is a list of the most commonly used coordinating conjunctions in Catalan:
5. sinó:


* "i" (and)
==== Exercise 5: Identifying Conjunctions ====
* "o" (or)
* "però" (but)
* "sinó" (but rather)
* "ara bé" (however)
* "ja" (already)
* "tant que" (so)
* "així que" (so)
* "enllaçant" (enjoining)


==Uses of Coordinating Conjunctions==
Read the following sentences and identify the coordinating conjunctions used.


===Connecting Words, Phrases, and Clauses===
1. El sol brilla i la lluna és preciosa.


Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two equal elements within a sentence or phrases in Catalan. For instance, when connecting two words or phrases, the coordinating conjunction is placed in between them. Here are some examples:
2. No m'agrada ni l'hivern ni la primavera.


<table class="wikitable">
3. Ell vol jugar, però no té temps.
    <tr>
        <th>Catalan</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>La taula <b>i</b> la cadira</td>
        <td>La tau-la i la ca-di-ra</td>
        <td>The table and the chair</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Ivan <b>i</b> Maria</td>
        <td>I-van i Ma-ri-a</td>
        <td>Ivan and Maria</td>
    </tr>
</table>


Coordinating conjunctions are also used to connect two clauses or two complete sentences with a comma. The coordinating conjunctions "i," "o," "però," and "sinó" are common in these situations. Here are some examples:
4. Vols pizza o pasta?


<table class="wikitable">
5. No és un gos, sinó un llop.
    <tr>
        <th>Catalan</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Jo vaig al cinema, <b>però</b> ell no vol</td>
        <td>Jo vai-al-si-ne-ma, pe-rò ell no bol</td>
        <td>I go to the cinema, but he doesn't want to</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Es queixa tot el dia, <b>sino</b> hi ha feina</td>
        <td>Es que-cha tot el dia, si-no hi ha fei-na</td>
        <td>He complains all day, but there's no work</td>
    </tr>
</table>


===Using Coordinating Conjunctions with Adjectives===
=== Solutions and Explanations ===


Coordinating conjunctions can also be used with adjectives in Catalan, indicating a contrast between two characteristics. When using adjectives with coordinating conjunctions, the word order must remain the same. Here are some examples:
Let’s go through the exercises and see how well you did!


<table class="wikitable">
==== Solutions for Exercise 1 ====
    <tr>
        <th>Catalan</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>El gos és <b>gran i petit</b></td>
        <td>El gos és gran i pe-tit</td>
        <td>The dog is big and small</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>El cotxe és <b>veloc i lent</b></td>
        <td>El cot-xe és ve-loc i lent</td>
        <td>The car is fast and slow</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Tinc <b>sed i gana</b></td>
        <td>Tinc sed i ga-na</td>
        <td>I'm thirsty and hungry</td>
    </tr>
</table>


==Common Examples of Coordinating Conjunctions==
1. i


==="I" (And)===
2. ni


The most common coordinating conjunction in Catalan is "i," which is used to connect two elements that are similar or complementary in meaning. "I" is used to indicate both addition and sequence. Here are some examples:
3. però


<table class="wikitable">
4. o
    <tr>
        <th>Catalan</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Vull un cafè <b>i</b> una galeta</td>
        <td>Vull un ca-fè i u-na ga-le-ta</td>
        <td>I want a coffee and a cookie</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>El parc és bonic <b>i</b> tranquil</td>
        <td>El parc és bo-nic i tran-quil</td>
        <td>The park is beautiful and peaceful</td>
    </tr>
</table>


==="Or" (Or)===
5. sinó


The coordinating conjunction "o" in Catalan is used to indicate a choice or alternative between two options. "Or" can also indicate exclusivity between two elements. Here are some examples:
==== Solutions for Exercise 2 ====


<table class="wikitable">
1 - B 
    <tr>
        <th>Catalan</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Vols te o cafè <b>o</b> sucs?</td>
        <td>Vols te o ca-fè o sucs?</td>
        <td>Do you want tea or coffee or juice?</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>El gat és blanc <b>o</b> negre</td>
        <td>El gat és blanc o ne-gre</td>
        <td>The cat is either white or black</td>
    </tr>
</table>


==="Però" (But)===
2 - A 


"Però" is a coordinating conjunction in Catalan that is used to express contrast and opposition between two elements. It is commonly used to show that a situation is not what was expected. Here are some examples:
3 - C 


<table class="wikitable">
4 - E 
    <tr>
        <th>Catalan</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>El plat és bo, <b>però</b> no em satisfà</td>
        <td>El plat és bo, pe-rò no em satis-fa</td>
        <td>The dish is good, but it doesn't satisfy me</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>El temps està bo, <b>però</b> fa fred</td>
        <td>El temps es-tà bo, pe-rò fa fred</td>
        <td>The weather is nice, but it's cold</td>
    </tr>
</table>


==="Sinó" (But Rather)===
5 - D 


The coordinating conjunction "sinó" in Catalan is used to introduce a contrast, but with an emphasis on what comes after it. "Sinó" is usually translated as "but rather." Here are some examples:
==== Solutions for Exercise 3 ====


<table class="wikitable">
1. M'agraden les pomes i les taronges.
    <tr>
        <th>Catalan</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>No sóc vegetarian, <b>sinó</b> no menjo carn vermella</td>
        <td>No sölk ve-ge-ta-ri-an, si-nó no men-jo car-nermella</td>
        <td>I'm not a vegetarian, but rather, I don't eat red meat</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>No vaig al futbol, <b>sinó</b> al bàsquet</td>
        <td>No vai-al-fu-bool, si-nó al bàs-quet</td>
        <td>I don't go to soccer, but rather to basketball</td>
    </tr>
</table>


==="Ara Bé" (However)===
2. Vols te o cafè?


"Ara bé" is a coordinating conjunction in Catalan that is used to express a concession or contrast between two elements. It is usually translated as "however." Here are some examples:
3. Ella és intel·ligent, però ell és mandrós.


<table class="wikitable">
4. No menjo ni pa ni mantega.
    <tr>
        <th>Catalan</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>No m'agrada la música clàssica, <b>ara bé</b> vaig als concerts</td>
        <td>No m'a-gra-da-la-mù-si-ca-clas-si-ca, a-ra-bé vaig als con-certs</td>
        <td>I don't like classical music, however, I go to concerts</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>No sóc anglòfona, <b>ara bé</b> parlo anglès molt bé</td>
        <td>No sòc anglò-fo-na, a-ra-bé par-lo anglès mol beg</td>
        <td>I'm not an Anglophone, however, I speak English very well</td>
    </tr>
</table>


==="Ja" (Already)===
5. No és un gat sinó un gos.


"Ja" is a coordinating conjunction in Catalan that expresses a meaning of "already." It can indicate that something expected had already happened or had taken place. It can also be used to indicate a change of state. Here are some examples:
==== Solutions for Exercise 4 ====


<table class="wikitable">
(Answers will vary; students should demonstrate understanding of conjunctions in their sentences.)
    <tr>
        <th>Catalan</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>L'estiu <b>ja</b> ha arribat</td>
        <td>L'estiu ja ha a-rri-bat</td>
        <td>Summer has already arrived</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>Ja</b> no tinc gana</td>
        <td>Ja no tinc ga-na</td>
        <td>I'm not hungry anymore</td>
    </tr>
</table>


==="Tant Que" (So)</h
==== Solutions for Exercise 5 ====


{{Catalan-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
1. i
 
2. ni
 
3. però
 
4. o
 
5. sinó
 
Congratulations on completing this lesson on coordinating conjunctions! Remember, practice makes perfect, and using these conjunctions will help you express your thoughts more clearly in Catalan. Keep practicing, and you’ll be on your way to becoming fluent in no time!
 
{{#seo:
 
|title=Catalan Grammar: Coordinating Conjunctions
 
|keywords=catalan, coordinating conjunctions, grammar, learn catalan, language learning
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about coordinating conjunctions in Catalan, including their usage and examples, to help you connect sentences effectively.
 
}}
 
{{Template:Catalan-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


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==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Accusative-Case-in-Catalan|Accusative Case in Catalan]]
* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Accusative-Case-in-Catalan|Accusative Case in Catalan]]


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Latest revision as of 01:42, 2 August 2024

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Catalan → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Coordinating Conjunctions

In this lesson, we will dive into the exciting world of coordinating conjunctions in Catalan. You may wonder, “What exactly are coordinating conjunctions, and why are they important?” Well, coordinating conjunctions are essential tools that allow us to connect words, phrases, and clauses to create more complex and interesting sentences. They help us express relationships between ideas, whether we want to add, contrast, or choose between them.

Understanding how to use these conjunctions will not only enhance your speaking and writing skills but also help you sound more fluent in Catalan. As you progress on your language journey, mastering these little connectors will give you the freedom to express your thoughts and ideas in richer ways.

In this lesson, we will cover:

  • What are Coordinating Conjunctions?
  • Types of Coordinating Conjunctions
  • Examples and Usage
  • Exercises for Practice
  • Solutions and Explanations

So, let’s get started!

What are Coordinating Conjunctions?[edit | edit source]

Coordinating conjunctions are words that link items of equal importance. In Catalan, just like in English, we use them to join words, phrases, or independent clauses. The most common coordinating conjunctions in Catalan are:

  • i (and)
  • o (or)
  • però (but)
  • ni (nor)
  • sinó (but rather)

Types of Coordinating Conjunctions[edit | edit source]

Let’s take a closer look at each type of coordinating conjunction and how they function in sentences.

Conjunction "i" (and)[edit | edit source]

The conjunction i is used to add information. It connects similar elements, allowing you to list items or ideas.

Examples:

Catalan Pronunciation English
M'agrada el pa i el formatge. məˈɡɾaðə el ˈpa i el fɔɾˈmatʒe I like bread and cheese.
El sol brilla i la pluja para. el ˈsol ˈbɾiʎə i lə ˈpluʒə ˈpaɾə The sun shines and the rain stops.

Conjunction "o" (or)[edit | edit source]

The conjunction o presents alternatives or choices between two elements.

Examples:

Catalan Pronunciation English
Vols cafè o te? vɔls kəˈfɛ o ˈte Do you want coffee or tea?
Preferiu llegir o escriure? pɾefeˈɾiw ʎəˈʒiɾ o esˈkɾiwɾe Do you prefer to read or to write?

Conjunction "però" (but)[edit | edit source]

The conjunction però is used to contrast two different ideas or statements.

Examples:

Catalan Pronunciation English
Ella és alta, però jo sóc baix. ˈɛʎə ɛs ˈaltə, pəˈɾo ʒu sɔk ˈβaɪʃ She is tall, but I am short.
M'agrada el futbol, però prefereixo el bàsquet. məˈɡɾaðə el ˈfubɔl, pəˈɾo pɾefeˈɾeiʃu el ˈβaskɛt I like football, but I prefer basketball.

Conjunction "ni" (nor)[edit | edit source]

The conjunction ni is used to express negative options or to continue a negative statement.

Examples:

Catalan Pronunciation English
No menjo ni pa ni formatge. nu ˈmɛnʒu ni ˈpa ni fɔɾˈmatʒe I eat neither bread nor cheese.
Ni ell ni ella volen venir. ni ɛʎ ni ˈɛʎə ˈvɔlen bəˈniɾ Neither he nor she wants to come.

Conjunction "sinó" (but rather)[edit | edit source]

The conjunction sinó is used to correct or clarify a previous statement.

Examples:

Catalan Pronunciation English
No és un llibre sinó una revista. nu ɛs un ˈʎiβɾə siˈno unə reˈvistə It is not a book but rather a magazine.
No parlem d'això sinó d'altres coses. nu pəˈɾlɛm dəˈaɪʃo siˈno ðalˈtɾəs ˈkuzəs We are not talking about this but rather about other things.

Summary of Coordinating Conjunctions[edit | edit source]

Here’s a quick summary of the coordinating conjunctions we have discussed:

  • i (and) - Adds elements together.
  • o (or) - Offers choices between elements.
  • però (but) - Contrasts different elements.
  • ni (nor) - Continues a negative statement.
  • sinó (but rather) - Corrects or clarifies a previous statement.

Exercises for Practice[edit | edit source]

Now that you have a solid understanding of coordinating conjunctions, let’s practice! Below are some exercises to help reinforce what you’ve learned.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the following sentences using the correct coordinating conjunction (i, o, però, ni, sinó).

1. Ella vol menjar pizza ___ pasta.

2. No m'agrada el gelat ___ el pastís.

3. Ells no van a la festa, ___ es queden a casa.

4. Vols fer-ho avui ___ demà?

5. No és un bon llibre ___ una mala pel·lícula.

Exercise 2: Match the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Match the two halves of the sentences using the correct conjunction.

1. M'agrada el cinema,

2. No m'agrada el soroll,

3. O vas a la platja,

4. Ell no parla anglès,

5. No és un restaurant,

A. sinó un bar.

B. però m'agrada llegir.

C. o et quedes a casa.

D. sinó una pel·lícula.

E. ni alemany.

Exercise 3: Translation Practice[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Catalan using the appropriate conjunctions.

1. I like apples and oranges.

2. Do you want tea or coffee?

3. She is smart, but he is lazy.

4. I eat neither bread nor butter.

5. It is not a cat but rather a dog.

Exercise 4: Sentence Creation[edit | edit source]

Create your own sentences using each of the coordinating conjunctions. Write at least one sentence for each conjunction.

1. i:

2. o:

3. però:

4. ni:

5. sinó:

Exercise 5: Identifying Conjunctions[edit | edit source]

Read the following sentences and identify the coordinating conjunctions used.

1. El sol brilla i la lluna és preciosa.

2. No m'agrada ni l'hivern ni la primavera.

3. Ell vol jugar, però no té temps.

4. Vols pizza o pasta?

5. No és un gos, sinó un llop.

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Let’s go through the exercises and see how well you did!

Solutions for Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. i

2. ni

3. però

4. o

5. sinó

Solutions for Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1 - B

2 - A

3 - C

4 - E

5 - D

Solutions for Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

1. M'agraden les pomes i les taronges.

2. Vols te o cafè?

3. Ella és intel·ligent, però ell és mandrós.

4. No menjo ni pa ni mantega.

5. No és un gat sinó un gos.

Solutions for Exercise 4[edit | edit source]

(Answers will vary; students should demonstrate understanding of conjunctions in their sentences.)

Solutions for Exercise 5[edit | edit source]

1. i

2. ni

3. però

4. o

5. sinó

Congratulations on completing this lesson on coordinating conjunctions! Remember, practice makes perfect, and using these conjunctions will help you express your thoughts more clearly in Catalan. Keep practicing, and you’ll be on your way to becoming fluent in no time!

Table of Contents - Catalan Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Catalan


Greetings and Introductions


Articles and Nouns


Numbers and Time


Adjectives and Pronouns


Family and Relationships


Verbs and Tenses


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Travel and Transportation


Catalan Culture


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


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◀️ Common Prepositions — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️

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