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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Wolof|Wolof]]  → [[Language/Wolof/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Wolof/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Future Tense</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Wolof|Wolof]]  → [[Language/Wolof/Grammar|Grammar]] → Future Tense</div>
Welcome to the lesson on the future tense in Wolof! In this segment, we will explore how to express future actions in this vibrant language. Understanding the future tense is essential because it allows you to communicate plans, intentions, and expectations effectively. Mastering this aspect will empower you to partake in conversations about what lies ahead, whether it's discussing your plans for the weekend or expressing hopes for the future.


Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/wolof Wolof] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn about the future tense in Wolof. The future tense describes actions that will happen in the future. It is an important tense to master when speaking or writing in Wolof.  
In Wolof, the future tense is formed using specific markers that indicate an action will take place after the present time. This lesson will guide you through the formation of the future tense for both regular and irregular verbs, providing you with a solid foundation to use in various contexts.


__TOC__
__TOC__


=== Importance of Future Tense ===
The future tense is crucial in any language, as it enables speakers to convey their intentions, aspirations, and predictions. In Wolof, mastering the future tense enhances your conversational skills and allows for more meaningful interactions. Whether you are planning a trip, discussing future events, or expressing your hopes, being comfortable with the future tense will enrich your learning experience.
=== Structure of the Lesson ===
This lesson will cover the following key points:
* Formation of the future tense
* Future tense for regular verbs
* Future tense for irregular verbs
* Examples to illustrate the concepts
* Exercises to practice what you've learned


<span link>Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Wolof/Grammar/Conjugation|Conjugation]] & [[Language/Wolof/Grammar/Intensifiers|Intensifiers]].</span>
* Detailed solutions and explanations
== Forming the Future Tense ==


The future tense in Wolof is formed by using the particle "ci" before the verb. The verb is then conjugated in the present tense. Here is an example:
== Formation of the Future Tense ==
 
In Wolof, the future tense is typically formed by adding specific prefixes or markers to the verb. Understanding how these markers work will help you frame sentences that indicate actions happening in the future.
 
=== Future Tense Markers ===
 
1. '''Future Marker: "na"'''
 
* This marker is commonly used for forming the future tense in both regular and irregular verbs.
 
2. '''Structure''':
 
* The basic structure for the future tense is:
 
* Subject + Future Marker + Verb
 
=== Regular Verbs ===
 
For regular verbs, the future tense is straightforward. The future marker "na" is placed before the verb root.
 
==== Example Table: Regular Verbs ====


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Wolof !! Pronunciation !! English
! Wolof !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| jàng naa  ||  [dʒãŋ naː] || I will learn
|-
| xam naa  ||  [xam naː] || I will know
|-
| def naa  ||  [dɛf naː] || I will do
|-
| yàgg naa  ||  [jɑg naː] || I will wait
|-
|-
| maangi || maàn-gi || eat (present tense)
 
| gëj naa  || [ɡeʤ naː] || I will play
 
|-
|-
| ci maangi || ci-maàn-gi|| will eat (future tense)
 
| jox naa  || [dʒɔx naː] || I will give
 
|-
 
| wàcc naa  ||  [wɑtʃ naː] || I will come
 
|-
 
| seet naa  ||  [sɛt naː] || I will see
 
|-
 
| tàmbali naa  ||  [tãmbali naː] || I will travel
 
|-
 
| soxla naa  ||  [sɔxlɑ naː] || I will help
 
|}
|}


As we can see in the example, the particle "ci" is placed before the verb "maangi" to indicate that the action will happen in the future. The verb is then conjugated in the present tense as "maangi".
=== Irregular Verbs ===
 
Irregular verbs may not follow the same patterns as regular verbs. However, the future tense formation remains consistent with the future marker "na".


Let's look at another example:
==== Example Table: Irregular Verbs ====


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Wolof !! Pronunciation !! English
! Wolof !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| dale || da-lé || dance (present tense)
 
| bëgg naa  || [bɛg naː] || I will want
 
|-
|-
| ci dale || ci-da-lé || will dance (future tense)
|}


Again, we use the particle "ci" before the verb to indicate that it will happen in the future. The verb is then conjugated in the present tense as "dale".
| am naa  ||  [ãm naː] || I will have


== Irregular Verbs ==
|-


There are some verbs in Wolof that are irregular in the future tense. They do not follow the same pattern as regular verbs. Here are some examples:
| dégg naa  ||  [dɛg naː] || I will hear


{| class="wikitable"
! Wolof !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| def || def || say (present tense)
 
| jëf naa  || [dʒɛf naː] || I will use
 
|-
|-
| ci tekki || ci-tek-ki || will say (future tense)
|}


In this example, the irregular verb "def" is used. Instead of using "ci def", we use "ci tekki" to indicate the future tense. Another example of irregular verb is "màgg" (come):
| réy naa  ||  [rɛj naː] || I will want (as in desire)


{| class="wikitable"
! Wolof !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| màgg || mang || come (present tense)
 
| màgg naa  || [mɑg naː] || I will be able
 
|-
|-
| ci jàmm || ci-jam || will come (future tense)
|}


Here, we use "ci jàmm" instead of "ci màgg" to indicate the future tense.
| defar naa  ||  [dɛfar naː] || I will create


== Future Tense with "Naala" ==
|-


Another way to indicate the future tense in Wolof is by using the word "naala" which means "later" or "afterwards". Here is an example:
| jàngal naa  ||  [dʒãŋal naː] || I will teach


{| class="wikitable"
! Wolof !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| jàng || jang || go (present tense)
 
| fés naa  || [fɛs naː] || I will know (in terms of knowledge)
 
|-
|-
| naala jàng || naala-jang || will go (future tense)
 
| jël naa  || [dʒɛl naː] || I will take
 
|}
|}


As we can see in the example, the word "naala" is used before the verb "jàng" to indicate future tense.  
== Examples of Future Tense Usage ==
 
To solidify your understanding, let’s explore various sentences using the future tense. Here are some examples that illustrate how to use the future tense in different contexts:
 
==== Example Sentences ====
 
1. '''I will learn Wolof.'''
 
* Wolof: Jàng naa Wolof.
 
2. '''She will help me tomorrow.'''
 
* Wolof: Wër naa ma boroom.
 
3. '''They will play football next week.'''
 
* Wolof: Nuyoo naa jëfandik.
 
4. '''We will travel to Dakar.'''
 
* Wolof: Nuyoo naa tàmbali ci Dakar.
 
5. '''He will eat lunch at noon.'''
 
* Wolof: Tey naa naan.
 
6. '''You will see your friends.'''
 
* Wolof: Aay naa sa xarit.
 
7. '''I will visit my family.'''
 
* Wolof: Jox naa sa jigeen.
 
8. '''She will go to the market.'''
 
* Wolof: Gëj naa ànd ak marché.
 
9. '''They will study for the exam.'''
 
* Wolof: Nuyoo naa jàng ci test bi.
 
10. '''We will celebrate the holiday.'''
 
* Wolof: Nuyoo naa jéem ci fête bi.
 
== Exercises ==
 
Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Below are exercises designed to help you apply the future tense in various scenarios.
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
Complete the following sentences using the future tense.
 
1. I (to learn) ______.
 
2. You (to go) ______ to the market.
 
3. They (to play) ______ football next week.
 
4. We (to eat) ______ dinner at 7 PM.
 
5. She (to visit) ______ her grandmother.
 
=== Exercise 2: Translate to Wolof ===
 
Translate the following sentences into Wolof using the future tense.
 
1. I will help you.
 
2. He will see the doctor.
 
3. We will travel to Saint-Louis.
 
4. They will attend the meeting.
 
5. You will learn new words.
 
=== Exercise 3: Verb Conjugation ===
 
Conjugate the following verbs in the future tense.
 
1. jox (to give)
 
2. jàng (to learn)
 
3. bëgg (to want)
 
4. am (to have)
 
5. jëf (to use)
 
=== Exercise 4: Create Sentences ===
 
Using the following prompts, create sentences in Wolof using the future tense.
 
1. I / to read / a book.
 
2. You / to cook / dinner.
 
3. They / to play / a game.
 
4. We / to watch / a movie.
 
5. She / to write / a letter.
 
=== Exercise 5: Match the Sentences ===
 
Match the English sentences with their Wolof translations.
 
1. I will go to school.
 
2. They will drink tea.
 
3. She will dance at the party.
 
4. We will learn together.
 
5. He will call his friend.
 
| English Sentences                                  | Wolof Translations                    |
 
|----------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------|
 
| A. Nuyoo naa jàng ci wékk.                        | 1. Bëgg naa ci ekool.                  |
 
| B. Wër naa ma boroom.                              | 2. Nuyoo naa ñaan.                    |
 
| C. Jàng naa ak jàng.                              | 3. Wër naa ci jëfandik.                  |
 
| D. Nuyoo naa jëf ci jàng.                        | 4. Jëf naa sa xarit.                  |
 
| E. Nuyoo naa jëfandik.                            | 5. Gëj naa ànd ak toubab.              |
 
=== Exercise 6: Dialogue Completion ===
 
Complete the dialogue with the correct future tense forms.
 
A: What will you do tomorrow?
 
B: I (to visit) ______ my friend.


== Examples in Dialogue ==
A: What will they eat for lunch?


To see the future tense in context, let's have a dialogue between two friends:
B: They (to eat) ______ at the restaurant.


* Fatou: Buur yi nga xar ci biir? (Did you buy milk at the market?)
=== Exercise 7: Peer Practice ===
* Awa: Déedéet ci biir. Ci yoonu jëm ci (Not yet, I will buy it later at the store.)


In this dialogue, we can see Awa using the future tense with the word "naala" to indicate that she will buy the milk later at the store.
Pair up with a classmate and take turns asking each other questions using the future tense. For example:


== Cultural Insight ==
* What will you do this weekend?


In Wolof culture, the future tense is often used when making plans or talking about future events. It is also used to make promises, especially in business or politics. Knowing how to use the future tense correctly is essential when communicating with Wolof speakers.
* Where will you go next holiday?


== Conclusion ==
=== Exercise 8: Writing Practice ===


In this lesson, we have learned about the future tense in Wolof. We have seen how to form it using the particle "ci" and irregular verbs. We also learned about using the word "naala" to indicate future tense. Remember to practice using the future tense with your Wolof speaking friends. To improve your Wolof Grammar, you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=142 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/wolof/question questions]!
Write a short paragraph (3-5 sentences) about your plans for next week using the future tense.
 
=== Exercise 9: Verb Identification ===
 
Identify the verbs in the following sentences and indicate whether they are regular or irregular, along with their translations.
 
1. Jàng naa Wolof.
 
2. Jëf naa ànd ak xarit.
 
3. Yàgg naa jëfandik.
 
=== Exercise 10: Group Discussion ===
 
In small groups, discuss your future plans. Use the future tense to share what you will do, where you will go, and who you will meet.
 
== Solutions and Explanations ==
 
Now, let's go through the solutions to the exercises for better understanding.
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
1. Jàng naa.
 
2. Gëj naa ci marché.
 
3. Nuyoo naa jëfandik.
 
4. Nuyoo naa naan ci 7 PM.
 
5. Wër naa sa jigeen.
 
=== Exercise 2: Translate to Wolof ===
 
1. Jàng naa sa.
 
2. Gëj naa doctor bi.
 
3. Nuyoo naa tàmbali ci Saint-Louis.
 
4. Nuyoo naa ànd ak réunion bi.
 
5. Aay naa jàng new words.
 
=== Exercise 3: Verb Conjugation ===
 
1. Jox naa.
 
2. Jàng naa.
 
3. Bëgg naa.
 
4. Am naa.
 
5. Jëf naa.
 
=== Exercise 4: Create Sentences ===
 
1. Jàng naa livre bi.
 
2. Aay naa jëf ci jàng.
 
3. Nuyoo naa jëfandik.
 
4. Nuyoo naa wàcc ci film bi.
 
5. Wër naa jëf ci lettre bi.
 
=== Exercise 5: Match the Sentences ===
 
1 - A
 
2 - B
 
3 - C
 
4 - D
 
5 - E
 
=== Exercise 6: Dialogue Completion ===
 
A: What will you do tomorrow?
 
B: I will visit my friend.
 
A: What will they eat for lunch?
 
B: They will eat at the restaurant.
 
=== Exercise 7: Peer Practice ===
 
Continue the practice in pairs, encouraging conversation and the use of the future tense.
 
=== Exercise 8: Writing Practice ===
 
Review and share your paragraphs with the class.
 
=== Exercise 9: Verb Identification ===
 
1. Jàng (regular) - to learn
 
2. Jëf (regular) - to use
 
3. Yàgg (irregular) - to wait
 
=== Exercise 10: Group Discussion ===
 
Encourage sharing of future plans in the future tense and provide feedback to each other.
 
Congratulations! You have now learned how to use the future tense in Wolof. Keep practicing, and soon you'll be able to express your plans and intentions fluently!
 
{{#seo:
 
|title=Wolof Grammar Future Tense Lesson
 
|keywords=Wolof, Future Tense, Grammar, Language Learning, Regular Verbs, Irregular Verbs
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form the future tense in Wolof for regular and irregular verbs, with examples and exercises for practice.
 
}}
 
{{Template:Wolof-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
 
[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Wolof-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Wolof-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>


<span class='maj'></span>
==Sources==
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolof_language Wolof language - Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolof_language Wolof language - Wikipedia]
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<span link>Upon wrapping up this lesson, take a look at these related pages: [[Language/Wolof/Grammar/Plural-Nouns-—-Definite-articles|Plural Nouns — Definite articles]] & [[Language/Wolof/Grammar/Tenses|Tenses]].</span>
 
{{#seo:
|title=Learn Wolof Future Tense- Wolof Grammar|keywords=Wolof, Wolof language, future tense, wolof grammar, polyglot club, grammar lesson|description=Learn how to form and use the future tense in Wolof. Includes examples, cultural insight and dialogue.|image=https://polyglotclub.com/images/langues/wolof.jpg
}}


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Wolof/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Wolof/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Wolof/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Wolof/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]


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Latest revision as of 20:11, 1 August 2024


Wolof-Language-PolyglotClub.jpg
Wolof → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Future Tense

Welcome to the lesson on the future tense in Wolof! In this segment, we will explore how to express future actions in this vibrant language. Understanding the future tense is essential because it allows you to communicate plans, intentions, and expectations effectively. Mastering this aspect will empower you to partake in conversations about what lies ahead, whether it's discussing your plans for the weekend or expressing hopes for the future.

In Wolof, the future tense is formed using specific markers that indicate an action will take place after the present time. This lesson will guide you through the formation of the future tense for both regular and irregular verbs, providing you with a solid foundation to use in various contexts.

Importance of Future Tense[edit | edit source]

The future tense is crucial in any language, as it enables speakers to convey their intentions, aspirations, and predictions. In Wolof, mastering the future tense enhances your conversational skills and allows for more meaningful interactions. Whether you are planning a trip, discussing future events, or expressing your hopes, being comfortable with the future tense will enrich your learning experience.

Structure of the Lesson[edit | edit source]

This lesson will cover the following key points:

  • Formation of the future tense
  • Future tense for regular verbs
  • Future tense for irregular verbs
  • Examples to illustrate the concepts
  • Exercises to practice what you've learned
  • Detailed solutions and explanations

Formation of the Future Tense[edit | edit source]

In Wolof, the future tense is typically formed by adding specific prefixes or markers to the verb. Understanding how these markers work will help you frame sentences that indicate actions happening in the future.

Future Tense Markers[edit | edit source]

1. Future Marker: "na"

  • This marker is commonly used for forming the future tense in both regular and irregular verbs.

2. Structure:

  • The basic structure for the future tense is:
  • Subject + Future Marker + Verb

Regular Verbs[edit | edit source]

For regular verbs, the future tense is straightforward. The future marker "na" is placed before the verb root.

Example Table: Regular Verbs[edit | edit source]

Wolof Pronunciation English
jàng naa [dʒãŋ naː] I will learn
xam naa [xam naː] I will know
def naa [dɛf naː] I will do
yàgg naa [jɑg naː] I will wait
gëj naa [ɡeʤ naː] I will play
jox naa [dʒɔx naː] I will give
wàcc naa [wɑtʃ naː] I will come
seet naa [sɛt naː] I will see
tàmbali naa [tãmbali naː] I will travel
soxla naa [sɔxlɑ naː] I will help

Irregular Verbs[edit | edit source]

Irregular verbs may not follow the same patterns as regular verbs. However, the future tense formation remains consistent with the future marker "na".

Example Table: Irregular Verbs[edit | edit source]

Wolof Pronunciation English
bëgg naa [bɛg naː] I will want
am naa [ãm naː] I will have
dégg naa [dɛg naː] I will hear
jëf naa [dʒɛf naː] I will use
réy naa [rɛj naː] I will want (as in desire)
màgg naa [mɑg naː] I will be able
defar naa [dɛfar naː] I will create
jàngal naa [dʒãŋal naː] I will teach
fés naa [fɛs naː] I will know (in terms of knowledge)
jël naa [dʒɛl naː] I will take

Examples of Future Tense Usage[edit | edit source]

To solidify your understanding, let’s explore various sentences using the future tense. Here are some examples that illustrate how to use the future tense in different contexts:

Example Sentences[edit | edit source]

1. I will learn Wolof.

  • Wolof: Jàng naa Wolof.

2. She will help me tomorrow.

  • Wolof: Wër naa ma boroom.

3. They will play football next week.

  • Wolof: Nuyoo naa jëfandik.

4. We will travel to Dakar.

  • Wolof: Nuyoo naa tàmbali ci Dakar.

5. He will eat lunch at noon.

  • Wolof: Tey naa naan.

6. You will see your friends.

  • Wolof: Aay naa sa xarit.

7. I will visit my family.

  • Wolof: Jox naa sa jigeen.

8. She will go to the market.

  • Wolof: Gëj naa ànd ak marché.

9. They will study for the exam.

  • Wolof: Nuyoo naa jàng ci test bi.

10. We will celebrate the holiday.

  • Wolof: Nuyoo naa jéem ci fête bi.

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Below are exercises designed to help you apply the future tense in various scenarios.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the following sentences using the future tense.

1. I (to learn) ______.

2. You (to go) ______ to the market.

3. They (to play) ______ football next week.

4. We (to eat) ______ dinner at 7 PM.

5. She (to visit) ______ her grandmother.

Exercise 2: Translate to Wolof[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Wolof using the future tense.

1. I will help you.

2. He will see the doctor.

3. We will travel to Saint-Louis.

4. They will attend the meeting.

5. You will learn new words.

Exercise 3: Verb Conjugation[edit | edit source]

Conjugate the following verbs in the future tense.

1. jox (to give)

2. jàng (to learn)

3. bëgg (to want)

4. am (to have)

5. jëf (to use)

Exercise 4: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the following prompts, create sentences in Wolof using the future tense.

1. I / to read / a book.

2. You / to cook / dinner.

3. They / to play / a game.

4. We / to watch / a movie.

5. She / to write / a letter.

Exercise 5: Match the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Match the English sentences with their Wolof translations.

1. I will go to school.

2. They will drink tea.

3. She will dance at the party.

4. We will learn together.

5. He will call his friend.

| English Sentences | Wolof Translations |

|----------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------|

| A. Nuyoo naa jàng ci wékk. | 1. Bëgg naa ci ekool. |

| B. Wër naa ma boroom. | 2. Nuyoo naa ñaan. |

| C. Jàng naa ak jàng. | 3. Wër naa ci jëfandik. |

| D. Nuyoo naa jëf ci jàng. | 4. Jëf naa sa xarit. |

| E. Nuyoo naa jëfandik. | 5. Gëj naa ànd ak toubab. |

Exercise 6: Dialogue Completion[edit | edit source]

Complete the dialogue with the correct future tense forms.

A: What will you do tomorrow?

B: I (to visit) ______ my friend.

A: What will they eat for lunch?

B: They (to eat) ______ at the restaurant.

Exercise 7: Peer Practice[edit | edit source]

Pair up with a classmate and take turns asking each other questions using the future tense. For example:

  • What will you do this weekend?
  • Where will you go next holiday?

Exercise 8: Writing Practice[edit | edit source]

Write a short paragraph (3-5 sentences) about your plans for next week using the future tense.

Exercise 9: Verb Identification[edit | edit source]

Identify the verbs in the following sentences and indicate whether they are regular or irregular, along with their translations.

1. Jàng naa Wolof.

2. Jëf naa ànd ak xarit.

3. Yàgg naa jëfandik.

Exercise 10: Group Discussion[edit | edit source]

In small groups, discuss your future plans. Use the future tense to share what you will do, where you will go, and who you will meet.

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Now, let's go through the solutions to the exercises for better understanding.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

1. Jàng naa.

2. Gëj naa ci marché.

3. Nuyoo naa jëfandik.

4. Nuyoo naa naan ci 7 PM.

5. Wër naa sa jigeen.

Exercise 2: Translate to Wolof[edit | edit source]

1. Jàng naa sa.

2. Gëj naa doctor bi.

3. Nuyoo naa tàmbali ci Saint-Louis.

4. Nuyoo naa ànd ak réunion bi.

5. Aay naa jàng new words.

Exercise 3: Verb Conjugation[edit | edit source]

1. Jox naa.

2. Jàng naa.

3. Bëgg naa.

4. Am naa.

5. Jëf naa.

Exercise 4: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

1. Jàng naa livre bi.

2. Aay naa jëf ci jàng.

3. Nuyoo naa jëfandik.

4. Nuyoo naa wàcc ci film bi.

5. Wër naa jëf ci lettre bi.

Exercise 5: Match the Sentences[edit | edit source]

1 - A

2 - B

3 - C

4 - D

5 - E

Exercise 6: Dialogue Completion[edit | edit source]

A: What will you do tomorrow?

B: I will visit my friend.

A: What will they eat for lunch?

B: They will eat at the restaurant.

Exercise 7: Peer Practice[edit | edit source]

Continue the practice in pairs, encouraging conversation and the use of the future tense.

Exercise 8: Writing Practice[edit | edit source]

Review and share your paragraphs with the class.

Exercise 9: Verb Identification[edit | edit source]

1. Jàng (regular) - to learn

2. Jëf (regular) - to use

3. Yàgg (irregular) - to wait

Exercise 10: Group Discussion[edit | edit source]

Encourage sharing of future plans in the future tense and provide feedback to each other.

Congratulations! You have now learned how to use the future tense in Wolof. Keep practicing, and soon you'll be able to express your plans and intentions fluently!

Table of Contents - Wolof Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Wolof


Greetings and Introductions


Wolof Cultural Norms


Nouns and Pronouns


Family and Relationships


Family and Social Structure


Verbs and Tenses


Food and Dining


Wolof Cuisine and Dining Etiquette


Adjectives and Adverbs


Travel and Transportation


Travel and Tourism in Wolof-Speaking Countries

Sources[edit | edit source]



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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