Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Calendars-and-Clocks"
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This is a list of calendar and | {{Traditions}} | ||
This is a list of calendar and clock around the world. | |||
This page has a sibling: [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Calendar-and-clock Astrologies]. | |||
Further reading: [https://www.timeanddate.com/date/perfect-calendar.html Is There a Perfect Calendar?] | Further reading: [https://www.timeanddate.com/date/perfect-calendar.html Is There a Perfect Calendar?] | ||
== Calendar == | == Calendar == | ||
=== Akan calendar === | === Akan calendar === | ||
* There are 7 days in a week. | * There are 7 days in a week. | ||
Line 34: | Line 24: | ||
* There is 1 leap day added to the 1<sup>st</sup> month in a big leap year. | * There is 1 leap day added to the 1<sup>st</sup> month in a big leap year. | ||
* (There are about 7 leap months in 19 years.) | * (There are about 7 leap months in 19 years.) | ||
In addition: | In addition: | ||
Line 52: | Line 41: | ||
* The start of a day is at sunrise. | * The start of a day is at sunrise. | ||
* There is 1 leap day added to any month. | * There is 1 leap day added to any month. | ||
In addition: | In addition: | ||
Line 66: | Line 54: | ||
=== Aztec calendar === | === Aztec calendar === | ||
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/CALENDARIO_AZTECA_PIEDRA_DEL_SOL_091207.svg/768px-CALENDARIO_AZTECA_PIEDRA_DEL_SOL_091207.svg.png | |||
* There are 18 weeks and 5 days in a year. | * There are 18 weeks and 5 days in a year. | ||
* There are 20 days in a week. | * There are 20 days in a week. | ||
In addition: | In addition: | ||
Line 83: | Line 72: | ||
* There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 4 days, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400. | * There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 4 days, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400. | ||
* (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.) | * (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.) | ||
In addition: | In addition: | ||
Line 103: | Line 91: | ||
* There are 31 days in the first 6 months, 30 days in the next 4 months and the last month, 29 days in the second last month without leap. | * There are 31 days in the first 6 months, 30 days in the next 4 months and the last month, 29 days in the second last month without leap. | ||
* There is 1 leap day added to the 11<sup>th</sup> month. | * There is 1 leap day added to the 11<sup>th</sup> month. | ||
In addition: | In addition: | ||
* There is a 7-day week associated with deities, celestial bodies. | * There is a 7-day week associated with deities, celestial bodies. | ||
=== | === Borana calendar === | ||
* There are 12 months in a year. | * There are 12 months in a year. | ||
* There are 29 or 30 days in a month. | * There are 29 or 30 days in a month. | ||
* The start of a year is when Triangulum is in conjunction with the new moon. | * The start of a year is when Triangulum is in conjunction with the new moon. | ||
* The start of a month is when the moon is in conjunction with a star or star system Triangulum, Pleiades, Aldebaran, Bellatrix, Central Orion-Saiph, Sirius | * The start of a month is when the new moon is in conjunction with a star or star system Triangulum, Pleiades, Aldebaran, Bellatrix, Central Orion-Saiph, Sirius for the first 6 months, full moon, gibbous moon, quarter moon, large crescent, medium crescent, small crescent in conjunction with Beta Triangulum in the last 6 months. | ||
=== Burmese Kawza calendar === | === Burmese Kawza calendar === | ||
Line 125: | Line 112: | ||
* There is 1 leap day added to the 3<sup>rd</sup> month in a big leap year. | * There is 1 leap day added to the 3<sup>rd</sup> month in a big leap year. | ||
* (There are about 7 leap months in 19 years.) | * (There are about 7 leap months in 19 years.) | ||
In addition: | In addition: | ||
Line 141: | Line 127: | ||
* There is 1 leap month placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number. | * There is 1 leap month placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number. | ||
* (There are about 7 leaps in 19 years.) | * (There are about 7 leaps in 19 years.) | ||
In addition: | In addition: | ||
* There is a 60-year cycle consisting of Celestial Stems and Terrestrial Branches. | * There is a 60-year cycle consisting of Celestial Stems and Terrestrial Branches. | ||
* Every | * There are 24 solar terms in a year. | ||
* Every month is associated with a Terrestrial Branch. | |||
* A month is divided by 3 parts ‘上旬’, ‘中旬’, ‘下旬’. | * A month is divided by 3 parts ‘上旬’, ‘中旬’, ‘下旬’. | ||
Line 176: | Line 162: | ||
* The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number. | * The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number. | ||
* (There are about 7 leaps in 19 years.) | * (There are about 7 leaps in 19 years.) | ||
In addition: | In addition: | ||
* There is a 60-year cycle consisting of Celestial Stems and Terrestrial Branches. | * There is a 60-year cycle consisting of Celestial Stems and Terrestrial Branches. | ||
* Theae are 24 solar terms in a year. | |||
* Every month is associated with a Terrestrial Branch. | * Every month is associated with a Terrestrial Branch. | ||
Line 189: | Line 175: | ||
* There are 30 days for the first 12 months, 5 days for the last month without leap. | * There are 30 days for the first 12 months, 5 days for the last month without leap. | ||
* There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the last month. | * There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the last month. | ||
=== Gregorian calendar === | |||
* The epoch is the year of presumed birth of Jesus of Nazareth. | |||
* The start of the epoch is the year one. | |||
* The first day of the year one is the presumed day of circumcision of Jesus of Nazareth. | |||
* There are 12 months in a year. | |||
* Days for months without leap are 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31. | |||
* The start of a day is the midnight in Greenwich added or subtracted by multiples of 1 hour, and in some cases further adding or subtracting 1/2 or 1/4 hours. | |||
* There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2<sup>nd</sup> month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400. | |||
* (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.) | |||
In addition: | |||
* There is a 7-day week associated with deities, celestial bodies. | |||
=== Hebrew calendar === | === Hebrew calendar === | ||
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* The leap month is placed at the end of the year. | * The leap month is placed at the end of the year. | ||
* (There are about 7 leaps in 19 years.) | * (There are about 7 leaps in 19 years.) | ||
In addition: | In addition: | ||
Line 224: | Line 222: | ||
* The start of a month is the day when the Sun enters an astrological sign. | * The start of a month is the day when the Sun enters an astrological sign. | ||
* (There are 29 to 32 days in a month.) | * (There are 29 to 32 days in a month.) | ||
In addition: | |||
* There is a 7-day week. | |||
=== ISO week date === | === ISO week date === | ||
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=== Japanese calendar === | === Japanese calendar === | ||
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/24solarterms.png/768px-24solarterms.png | |||
* The epoch is the year of the enthronement of the current Emperor. | * The epoch is the year of the enthronement of the current Emperor. | ||
* The start of the epoch is the year one. | * The start of the epoch is the year one. | ||
Line 242: | Line 245: | ||
* There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2<sup>nd</sup> month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400. | * There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2<sup>nd</sup> month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400. | ||
* (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.) | * (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.) | ||
In addition: | In addition: | ||
* There is a 7-day week associated with celestial bodies. | * There is a 7-day week associated with celestial bodies. | ||
=== Javanese calendar === | === Javanese lunar calendar === | ||
* The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Chashtana. | * The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Chashtana. | ||
* The start of the epoch is the year zero. | * The start of the epoch is the year zero. | ||
Line 256: | Line 258: | ||
* The start of a day is at sunset. | * The start of a day is at sunset. | ||
In addition: | |||
* There is a 120-year cycle. | |||
* There is an 8-year cycle grouped into 4 groups. | |||
* There is a 5-day week. | |||
* There is a 7-day week. | |||
* There is a 35-day cycle consisting of the 5-day week and the 7-day week. | |||
* There is a 210-day cycle. | |||
=== Javanese mangsa calendar === | |||
* The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Chashtana. | |||
* The start of the epoch is the year zero. | |||
* There are 12 periods in a year. | |||
* The 14<sup>th</sup> day of a month is the day with full moon. | |||
* Days for periods without leap are 41, 23, 24, 25, 27, 43, 43, 27, 25, 24, 23, 41. | |||
* There is 1 leap day added to the 8<sup>th</sup> period. | |||
* The start of a day is at sunset. | |||
In addition: | In addition: | ||
There is an 8-year cycle grouped into 4 groups. | |||
* There is a 5-day week. | * There is a 5-day week. | ||
* There is a 7-day week. | * There is a 7-day week. | ||
Line 276: | Line 295: | ||
* There are 12 months in a year without leap. | * There are 12 months in a year without leap. | ||
* The year starts from the 5<sup>th</sup> month. | * The year starts from the 5<sup>th</sup> month. | ||
=== Kurdish calendar === | |||
* The epoch is when Battle of Nineveh took place. | |||
* There are 31 days for the first 6 months, 30 days for the last 6 months without leap. | |||
* There is 1 leap day added to the last month. | |||
In addition: | |||
* There is a 7-day week. | |||
=== lunar Hijri calendar === | === lunar Hijri calendar === | ||
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* (There are 29 or 30 days in a month.) | * (There are 29 or 30 days in a month.) | ||
* The start of a day is at sunset. | * The start of a day is at sunset. | ||
In addition: | In addition: | ||
Line 295: | Line 321: | ||
* The first day of a month is when the Sun enters an astrological sign. | * The first day of a month is when the Sun enters an astrological sign. | ||
* (There are 28 to 32 days in a month.) | * (There are 28 to 32 days in a month.) | ||
In addition: | |||
* There is a 7-day week. | |||
=== Mandaean calendar === | === Mandaean calendar === | ||
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* There are 5 days at the end of the 8<sup>th</sup>month. | * There are 5 days at the end of the 8<sup>th</sup>month. | ||
* The start of a day is dawn. | * The start of a day is dawn. | ||
In addition: | |||
* There is a 7-day week. | |||
=== Maya calendar === | === Maya calendar === | ||
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Construction_paper_Mayan_calander.jpg/756px-Construction_paper_Mayan_calander.jpg | |||
* There are 18 weeks and 5 days in a year. | * There are 18 weeks and 5 days in a year. | ||
* There are 20 days in a week. | * There are 20 days in a week. | ||
In addition: | In addition: | ||
Line 315: | Line 348: | ||
* There are 12 months in a year. | * There are 12 months in a year. | ||
* There are 30 days in a month. | * There are 30 days in a month. | ||
In addition: | In addition: | ||
Line 329: | Line 361: | ||
* The start of a year is the second day of new moon after winter solstice. | * The start of a year is the second day of new moon after winter solstice. | ||
* There is 1 leap month added. | * There is 1 leap month added. | ||
In addition: | In addition: | ||
Line 354: | Line 385: | ||
* There are 12 months in a year. | * There are 12 months in a year. | ||
* Days for months are 31, 31, 32, 31, 31, 31, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 30. | * Days for months are 31, 31, 32, 31, 31, 31, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 30. | ||
In addition: | |||
* There is a 7-day week. | |||
=== Republic of China calendar === | === Republic of China calendar === | ||
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* Days for months without leap are 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31. | * Days for months without leap are 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31. | ||
* The start of a day is the midnight in Greenwich added by 8 hours. | * The start of a day is the midnight in Greenwich added by 8 hours. | ||
* There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2<sup>nd</sup> month, except when the number of the year's remainder is 200 or 600 when divided by 900. | |||
* (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.) | |||
In addition: | |||
* There is a 7-day week. | |||
=== revised Julian calendar === | |||
* The epoch is the year of presumed birth of Jesus of Nazareth. | |||
* The start of the epoch is the year one. | |||
* The first day of the year one is the presumed day of circumcision of Jesus of Nazareth. | |||
* There are 12 months in a year. | |||
* Days for months without leap are 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31. | |||
* The start of a day is the midnight in Greenwich added or subtracted by multiples of 1 hour, and in some cases further adding or subtracting 1/2 or 1/4 hours. | |||
* There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2<sup>nd</sup> month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400. | * There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2<sup>nd</sup> month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400. | ||
* (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.) | * (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.) | ||
In addition: | |||
* There is a 7-day week associated with deities, celestial bodies. | |||
=== scheduled lunar Hijri calendar === | === scheduled lunar Hijri calendar === | ||
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* The start of a day is at sunset. | * The start of a day is at sunset. | ||
* (There are 11 leaps in 30 years.) | * (There are 11 leaps in 30 years.) | ||
In addition: | In addition: | ||
Line 386: | Line 435: | ||
* The start of a day is at sunset. | * The start of a day is at sunset. | ||
* (There are about 8 leaps in 33 years.) | * (There are about 8 leaps in 33 years.) | ||
In addition: | In addition: | ||
Line 395: | Line 443: | ||
* There are 29 or 30 days in a month. | * There are 29 or 30 days in a month. | ||
* There is 1 leap month added after the 9<sup>th</sup> month. | * There is 1 leap month added after the 9<sup>th</sup> month. | ||
=== Tamil lunar calendar === | |||
* The first day of a year is the day when the Moon enters Aries. | |||
* There are 12 months in a year. | |||
* The start of a month is the day when the Sun enters an astrological sign. | |||
* (There are 29 to 32 days in a month.) | |||
In addition: | |||
* There is a 7-day week. | |||
=== Tamil solar calendar === | |||
* The first day of a year is the day when the Sun enters Aries. | |||
* There are 12 months in a year. | |||
* The start of a month is the day when the Sun enters an astrological sign. | |||
* (There are 29 to 32 days in a month.) | |||
In addition: | |||
* There is a 7-day week. | |||
=== Thai lunar calendar === | === Thai lunar calendar === | ||
Line 406: | Line 472: | ||
* There is 1 leap day added to the 7<sup>th</sup> month in a small leap year. | * There is 1 leap day added to the 7<sup>th</sup> month in a small leap year. | ||
* (There are about 7 leap months in 19 years.) | * (There are about 7 leap months in 19 years.) | ||
In addition: | |||
* There is a 12-year cycle associated with animals. | |||
* There is a 7-day week associated with colours, celestial bodies. | |||
=== Thai solar calendar === | === Thai solar calendar === | ||
Line 416: | Line 486: | ||
* There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2<sup>nd</sup> month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400. | * There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2<sup>nd</sup> month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400. | ||
* (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.) | * (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.) | ||
In addition: | |||
* There is a 7-day week associated with colours, celestial bodies. | |||
=== Tibetan Nyatri Tsenpo lunar calendar === | === Tibetan Nyatri Tsenpo lunar calendar === | ||
Line 425: | Line 498: | ||
* The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number. | * The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number. | ||
* There are 25 leaps in 65 years. | * There are 25 leaps in 65 years. | ||
In addition: | |||
* There is a 60-year cycle consisting of animals and elements. | |||
=== Tibetan rabjung lunar calendar === | === Tibetan rabjung lunar calendar === | ||
Line 434: | Line 510: | ||
* The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number. | * The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number. | ||
* There are 25 leaps in 65 years. | * There are 25 leaps in 65 years. | ||
In addition: | |||
* There is a 60-year cycle consisting of animals and elements. | |||
=== Tibetan Thothori Nyantsen lunar calendar === | === Tibetan Thothori Nyantsen lunar calendar === | ||
Line 443: | Line 522: | ||
* The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number. | * The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number. | ||
* There are 25 leaps in 65 years. | * There are 25 leaps in 65 years. | ||
In addition: | |||
* There is a 60-year cycle consisting of animals and elements. | |||
=== Tirhula calendar === | === Tirhula calendar === | ||
* There are 12 months in a year. | * There are 12 months in a year. | ||
In addition: | |||
* There is a 7-day week. | |||
=== Tripuri calendar === | === Tripuri calendar === | ||
Line 492: | Line 577: | ||
* There are about 29 days in the first 12 months, 4 to 5 days in the last month. | * There are about 29 days in the first 12 months, 4 to 5 days in the last month. | ||
== | == Clock == | ||
=== Burmese clock === | |||
* A day ရက် is divided into 8 units ‘ဗဟို’ evenly. | |||
=== Burmese | |||
* A day is divided into | |||
* Every ဗဟို is divided into 7.5 units ‘နာရီ’ evenly. | * Every ဗဟို is divided into 7.5 units ‘နာရီ’ evenly. | ||
* Every နာရီ is divided into 4 units ‘ပါဒ်’ evenly. | * Every နာရီ is divided into 4 units ‘ပါဒ်’ evenly. | ||
Line 519: | Line 589: | ||
* Every လယ is divided into 1.25 units ‘အနုခရာ’ evenly. | * Every လယ is divided into 1.25 units ‘အနုခရာ’ evenly. | ||
=== Chinese | === Chinese clock === | ||
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/DialPlate_ofClock_for_theChineseMarket1852.png/597px-DialPlate_ofClock_for_theChineseMarket1852.png | |||
* A day is divided by 12 units ‘時’ evenly. | * A day is divided by 12 units ‘時’ evenly. | ||
* A 時 is divided into 2 parts ‘初’, ‘正’ evenly. | * A 時 is divided into 2 parts ‘初’, ‘正’ evenly. | ||
* | * Each of those two parts is divided by 4 units ‘刻’ evenly. | ||
In addition: | In addition: | ||
* Every 時 is associated with a Terrestrial Branch. | * Every 時 is associated with a Terrestrial Branch. | ||
=== Indian | === European clock === | ||
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/AnalogClockAnimation1_still_frame.svg/600px-AnalogClockAnimation1_still_frame.svg.png | |||
* A day is divided by 12 units ‘hour’ (in English) evenly. | |||
* An hour is divided by 60 units ‘minute’ (in English) evenly. | |||
* A minute is divided by 60 units ‘second’ (in English) evenly. | |||
* A second is divided by 1000 units ‘millisecond’ (in English) evenly. | |||
* A millisecond is divided by 1000 units ‘microsecond’ (in English) evenly. | |||
* A microsecond is divided by 1000 units ‘nanosecond’ (in English) evenly. | |||
* A nanosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘picosecond’ (in English) evenly. | |||
* A picosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘femtosecond’ (in English) evenly. | |||
* A femtosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘attosecond’ (in English) evenly. | |||
* An attosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘zeptosecond’ (in English) evenly. | |||
* A zeptosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘yoctosecond’ (in English) evenly. | |||
* There is 1 leap second added to the last minute of a day. | |||
=== Indian clock === | |||
==== common method ==== | ==== common method ==== | ||
* A day is divided by 30 units ‘मुहूर्त’ evenly. | * A day is divided by 30 units ‘मुहूर्त’ evenly. | ||
Line 553: | Line 641: | ||
* A तॄसरेणु is divided by 6 units ‘ब्रह्माण्डीय’ evenly. | * A तॄसरेणु is divided by 6 units ‘ब्रह्माण्डीय’ evenly. | ||
=== Mongolian | === Mongolian clock === | ||
* A day is divided by 12 parts evenly. | * A day is divided by 12 parts evenly. | ||
=== Thai | === Thai clock === | ||
* A day is divided by 4 periods ‘...โมงเช้า’, ‘บ่าย...โมง’, ‘...ทุ่ม’, ‘ตี...’ evenly. | * A day is divided by 4 periods ‘...โมงเช้า’, ‘บ่าย...โมง’, ‘...ทุ่ม’, ‘ตี...’ evenly. | ||
* Every such period is divided into 6 parts evenly. | * Every such period is divided into 6 parts evenly. | ||
=== Javanese | === Javanese clock === | ||
* A day is divided into 10 phrases with portions of length 2, 4, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3. | * A day is divided into 10 phrases with portions of length 2, 4, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3. | ||
{{Traditions}} | |||
==Other Lessons== | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Good-Memories|Good Memories]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Philosophical-and-Religious-Texts|Philosophical and Religious Texts]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Most-Famous-Folk-Songs|Most Famous Folk Songs]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Similar-Sayings|Similar Sayings]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/FLOSS-Fonts|FLOSS Fonts]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Cities-with-the-best-quality-of-life|Cities with the best quality of life]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/The-Polyglot-Club-Team|The Polyglot Club Team]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/How-to-Study-with-a-Markup-Language|How to Study with a Markup Language]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Find-the-Ideal-Penpal|Find the Ideal Penpal]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/What-are-the-differences-between-Ukrainian-and-Russian|What are the differences between Ukrainian and Russian]] | |||
<span links></span> |
Latest revision as of 10:36, 22 February 2024
This is a list of calendar and clock around the world.
This page has a sibling: Astrologies.
Further reading: Is There a Perfect Calendar?
Calendar[edit | edit source]
Akan calendar[edit | edit source]
- There are 7 days in a week.
- There are 6 weeks in a 42-day cycle.
- There are 9 42-day cycles in a year.
Arakanese Kawza calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is possibly the year of the usurpation by King Popa Sawrahan.
- The start of the epoch is the year zero.
- The first day of a year is the day when the Sun enters Aries.
- There are 12 months in a year without leap.
- There are 29 days in months of an odd number, 30 days in months of an even number without leap.
- The 15th day in a month is the day of full moon.
- The start of a day is at sunrise.
- There is 1 leap month added after spring equinox (the 1st month) in a small or big leap year, for year 1, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 in a 19-year cycle.
- There is 1 leap day added to the 1st month in a big leap year.
- (There are about 7 leap months in 19 years.)
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week associated with animals, celestial bodies, cardinal directions.
Armenian calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year when date tables compiled by Andreas of Byzantium exhausted.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- The first day of the year one is the day when date tables compiled by Andreas of Byzantium exhausted.
- There are 12 months and 5 days in a year.
- There are 30 days for every month.
Assamese calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Bhaskaravarman.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- The days for months are 31, 31, 32, 31, 31, 31, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 30.
- The start of a day is at sunrise.
- There is 1 leap day added to any month.
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week associated with deities, celestial bodies.
Assyrian calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is possibly the year of presumed year of the calming of the great flood.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- The first day of a year is the day with new moon.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- There are 31 days in the first 6 months, 30 days in the next 5 months, 29 days in the last month without leap.
- There is 1 leap day added to the last month.
Aztec calendar[edit | edit source]
- There are 18 weeks and 5 days in a year.
- There are 20 days in a week.
In addition:
- There is a 260-day cycle consisting of 13 signs and 20 names.
- The signs are associated with cardinal directions.
Baháʼí calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year when Báb began teaching.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- The first day of a year is the day with spring equinox.
- There are 19 weeks and 4 days in a year without leap.
- There are 19 days in a week.
- The start of a day is at sunset.
- There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 4 days, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
- (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week.
Balinese saka calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of enthronement of Chashtana.
- The start of the epoch is the year zero.
- There are 12 months in a year without leap.
- There are 30 days in months of an odd number, 29 days in months of an even number.
- There is 1 leap month added to the end of the year.
- The first day of a month is the day after new moon.
Bengali calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is possibly the year before King Shashanka unified Bengal.
- The start of the epoch is the year zero.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- The start of a day is at sunrise.
- There are 31 days in the first 6 months, 30 days in the next 4 months and the last month, 29 days in the second last month without leap.
- There is 1 leap day added to the 11th month.
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week associated with deities, celestial bodies.
Borana calendar[edit | edit source]
- There are 12 months in a year.
- There are 29 or 30 days in a month.
- The start of a year is when Triangulum is in conjunction with the new moon.
- The start of a month is when the new moon is in conjunction with a star or star system Triangulum, Pleiades, Aldebaran, Bellatrix, Central Orion-Saiph, Sirius for the first 6 months, full moon, gibbous moon, quarter moon, large crescent, medium crescent, small crescent in conjunction with Beta Triangulum in the last 6 months.
Burmese Kawza calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is possibly the year of the usurpation by King Popa Sawrahan.
- The start of the epoch is the year zero.
- The first day of a year is the day when the Sun enters Aries.
- There are 12 months in a year without leap.
- There are 29 days in months of an odd number, 30 days in months of an even number without leap.
- The 15th day in a month is the day of full moon.
- The start of a day is at sunrise.
- There is 1 leap month added after summer solstice (the 4th month) in a small or big leap year, for year 1, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 in a 19-year cycle.
- There is 1 leap day added to the 3rd month in a big leap year.
- (There are about 7 leap months in 19 years.)
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week associated with animals, celestial bodies, cardinal directions.
Chinese agricultural calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of presumed enthronement of Yellow Thearch.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- The first day of the year one is possibly the presumed day of enthronement of Thearch Shun.
- There are 12 months in a year without leap.
- The first month is the month with winter solstice.
- The first day of a month is the day with new moon.
- (There are 29 or 30 days in a month.)
- The start of a day is the midnight.
- There is 1 leap month placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
- (There are about 7 leaps in 19 years.)
In addition:
- There is a 60-year cycle consisting of Celestial Stems and Terrestrial Branches.
- There are 24 solar terms in a year.
- Every month is associated with a Terrestrial Branch.
- A month is divided by 3 parts ‘上旬’, ‘中旬’, ‘下旬’.
Coptic calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of presumed birth of Jesus of Nazareth.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- The first day of the year one is the day of the Feast of Neyrouz.
- There are 13 months in a year.
- There are 30 days for the first 12 months, 5 days for the last month without leap.
- There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the last month.
Dai calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is possibly the year of the usurpation by King Popa Sawrahan.
- The start of the epoch is the year zero.
- The start of a year is the 6th month.
- There are 29 days in a month of an odd number, 30 days in a month of an even number.
- There is 1 leap day added to the 8th month.
- There is 1 leap month added after the 9th month.
- (There are about 7 leap months in 19 years, 1 leap days in 4 years.)
Dangun calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Dangun.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- The first day of the year one is possibly the presumed day of enthronement of Thearch Shun in Chinese agricultural calendar.
- There are 12 months in a year without leap.
- The first month is the month with winter solstice.
- The first day of a month is the day with new moon.
- (There are 29 or 30 days in a month.)
- The start of a day is the midnight.
- The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
- (There are about 7 leaps in 19 years.)
In addition:
- There is a 60-year cycle consisting of Celestial Stems and Terrestrial Branches.
- Theae are 24 solar terms in a year.
- Every month is associated with a Terrestrial Branch.
Ethiopian calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Diocletian.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- The first day of the year one is the presumed day of circumcision of Jesus of Nazareth.
- There are 13 months in a year.
- There are 30 days for the first 12 months, 5 days for the last month without leap.
- There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the last month.
Gregorian calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of presumed birth of Jesus of Nazareth.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- The first day of the year one is the presumed day of circumcision of Jesus of Nazareth.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- Days for months without leap are 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31.
- The start of a day is the midnight in Greenwich added or subtracted by multiples of 1 hour, and in some cases further adding or subtracting 1/2 or 1/4 hours.
- There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2nd month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
- (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week associated with deities, celestial bodies.
Hebrew calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the creation of the world in Genesis.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- The first day of the year one is the presumed day of creation of the world in Genesis.
- There are 12 months in a year without leap.
- The start of a day is at sunset.
- There are 13 months for year 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, 19 in a 19-year cycle.
- The leap month is placed at the end of the year.
- (There are about 7 leaps in 19 years.)
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week.
Igbo calendars[edit | edit source]
- There are 13 months and 1 day in a year.
- There are 7 weeks in a month.
- There are 4 days in a week.
Indian Bengali calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is possibly the year before King Shashanka unified Bengal.
- The start of the epoch is the year zero.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- The start of a day is at sunrise.
- There are 31 days in the first 5 months, 30 days in the other 7 months without leap.
- There is 1 leap day added to the 11th month.
Indian national calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Chashtana.
- The start of the epoch is the year zero.
- The first day of a year is the day when the Sun enters Aries.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- The start of a month is the day when the Sun enters an astrological sign.
- (There are 29 to 32 days in a month.)
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week.
ISO week date[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of presumed birth of Jesus of Nazareth.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- The first day of a year is the Monday closer to the first day of the first month in Gregorian calendar.
- There are 52 weeks in a year without leap.
- There are 7 days in a week.
- The leap week is added to the end of the year.
Japanese calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of the enthronement of the current Emperor.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- The first day of the year one is the first day of the year of the reign of the current Emperor in Gregorian calendar.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- Days for months without leap are 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31.
- The start of a day is the midnight in Greenwich added by 9 hours.
- There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2nd month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
- (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week associated with celestial bodies.
Javanese lunar calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Chashtana.
- The start of the epoch is the year zero.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- The 14th day of a month is the day with full moon.
- There are 30 days in months of an odd number, 29 days in months of an even number without leap.
- There is 1 leap day added to the last month.
- The start of a day is at sunset.
In addition:
- There is a 120-year cycle.
- There is an 8-year cycle grouped into 4 groups.
- There is a 5-day week.
- There is a 7-day week.
- There is a 35-day cycle consisting of the 5-day week and the 7-day week.
- There is a 210-day cycle.
Javanese mangsa calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Chashtana.
- The start of the epoch is the year zero.
- There are 12 periods in a year.
- The 14th day of a month is the day with full moon.
- Days for periods without leap are 41, 23, 24, 25, 27, 43, 43, 27, 25, 24, 23, 41.
- There is 1 leap day added to the 8th period.
- The start of a day is at sunset.
In addition: There is an 8-year cycle grouped into 4 groups.
- There is a 5-day week.
- There is a 7-day week.
- There is a 35-day cycle consisting of the 5-day week and the 7-day week.
- There is a 210-day cycle.
Juche calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of the birth of Kim Il-Sung.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- The first day of the year one is the first day of the year of the birth of Kim Il-Sung in Gregorian calendar.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- Days for months without leap are 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31.
- The start of a day is the midnight in Greenwich added by 9 hours.
- There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2nd month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
- (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)
Khmer calendar[edit | edit source]
- There are 12 months in a year without leap.
- The year starts from the 5th month.
Kurdish calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is when Battle of Nineveh took place.
- There are 31 days for the first 6 months, 30 days for the last 6 months without leap.
- There is 1 leap day added to the last month.
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week.
lunar Hijri calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of Hijrah.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- The first day of a month is the day with new moon.
- (There are 29 or 30 days in a month.)
- The start of a day is at sunset.
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week.
Malayalam calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is possibly the year of foundation of Kollam.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- The first day of a year is when the Sun enters Aries.
- The first day of a month is when the Sun enters an astrological sign.
- (There are 28 to 32 days in a month.)
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week.
Mandaean calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the presumed year of birth of Adam.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- There are 30 days in a month.
- There are 5 days at the end of the 8thmonth.
- The start of a day is dawn.
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week.
Maya calendar[edit | edit source]
- There are 18 weeks and 5 days in a year.
- There are 20 days in a week.
In addition:
- There is a 260-day cycle, consisting of 13 signs and 20 names.
Meitei calendar[edit | edit source]
- There are 12 months in a year.
- There are 30 days in a month.
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week.
Melanau calendar[edit | edit source]
- There are 12 months in a year.
- There are 30 days in a month.
Mongolian calendar[edit | edit source]
- There are 12 months in a year without leap.
- The start of a month is the day of new moon.
- The start of a year is the second day of new moon after winter solstice.
- There is 1 leap month added.
In addition:
- There is a 60-year cycle associated with animals, colors.
- Every month is associated with an animal.
Nanakshahi calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year when Guru Nanak is born.
- There are 12 months in a year without leap.
- There are 31 days in the first 5 months, 30 days in the last 7 months without leap.
- There is 1 leap day added to the last month.
- (There are about 1 leap in 4 years.)
Nepali Vikram calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year when King Vikramaditya of Ujjain defeated the Śaka people.
- The year starts with the 2nd month.
- The first day of a month is the day with new moon.
- There are 12 months in a year without leap.
- There are 29 to 32 days in a month.
- A leap month is sometimes added or subtracted in a year.
Odia calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is possibly the presumed date of birth of Indradyumna.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- Days for months are 31, 31, 32, 31, 31, 31, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 30.
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week.
Republic of China calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of the foundation of the Republic of China.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- The first day of the year one is the first day of the year of the foundation of the Republic of China in Gregorian calendar.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- Days for months without leap are 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31.
- The start of a day is the midnight in Greenwich added by 8 hours.
- There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2nd month, except when the number of the year's remainder is 200 or 600 when divided by 900.
- (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week.
revised Julian calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of presumed birth of Jesus of Nazareth.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- The first day of the year one is the presumed day of circumcision of Jesus of Nazareth.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- Days for months without leap are 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31.
- The start of a day is the midnight in Greenwich added or subtracted by multiples of 1 hour, and in some cases further adding or subtracting 1/2 or 1/4 hours.
- There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2nd month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
- (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week associated with deities, celestial bodies.
scheduled lunar Hijri calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of Hijrah.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- There are 30 days in months of an odd number, 29 days in months of an even number without leap.
- There are 30 days in the last month, if the number of the year in a 30-year cycle multiplied by 11/30 minus the number of past leaps in the 30-year cycle is higher than 1/2. (Years with a leap in the 30-year cycle are 2, 5, 7, 10, 13, 16, 18, 21, 24, 26, 29.)
- The start of a day is at sunset.
- (There are 11 leaps in 30 years.)
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week.
solar Hijri calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of Hijrah.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- The first day of a year is the spring equinox.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- There are 31 days in the first 6 months, 30 days in the next 5 months, 29 days in the last month without leap.
- The start of a day is at sunset.
- (There are about 8 leaps in 33 years.)
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week.
Sui calendar[edit | edit source]
- There are 12 months without leap.
- There are 29 or 30 days in a month.
- There is 1 leap month added after the 9th month.
Tamil lunar calendar[edit | edit source]
- The first day of a year is the day when the Moon enters Aries.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- The start of a month is the day when the Sun enters an astrological sign.
- (There are 29 to 32 days in a month.)
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week.
Tamil solar calendar[edit | edit source]
- The first day of a year is the day when the Sun enters Aries.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- The start of a month is the day when the Sun enters an astrological sign.
- (There are 29 to 32 days in a month.)
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week.
Thai lunar calendar[edit | edit source]
- The start of the epoch is the year zero.
- The start of a year is the day when the Sun enters Aries.
- There are 12 months in a year without leap.
- There are 29 days in months of an odd number, 30 days in months of an even number without leap.
- The 15th day in a month is the day of full moon.
- The start of a day is midnight.
- There is 1 leap month added after the 8th month in a big leap year.
- There is 1 leap day added to the 7th month in a small leap year.
- (There are about 7 leap months in 19 years.)
In addition:
- There is a 12-year cycle associated with animals.
- There is a 7-day week associated with colours, celestial bodies.
Thai solar calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Rama I.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- The first day of the year one is the first day of the year of the death of Siddhārtha Gautama in Gregorian calendar.
- There are 12 months in a year.
- Days for months without leap are 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31.
- The start of a day is the midnight in Greenwich added by 7 hours.
- There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2nd month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
- (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week associated with colours, celestial bodies.
Tibetan Nyatri Tsenpo lunar calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Nyatri Tsenpo.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- There are 12 months in a year without leap.
- There are 29 or 30 days in a month.
- The 15th day in a month is the day of full moon.
- The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
- There are 25 leaps in 65 years.
In addition:
- There is a 60-year cycle consisting of animals and elements.
Tibetan rabjung lunar calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of the first introduction of the rabjung-cycle.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- There are 12 months in a year without leap.
- There are 29 or 30 days in a month.
- The 15th day in a month is the day of full moon.
- The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
- There are 25 leaps in 65 years.
In addition:
- There is a 60-year cycle consisting of animals and elements.
Tibetan Thothori Nyantsen lunar calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Thothori Nyantsen.
- The start of the epoch is the year one.
- There are 12 months in a year without leap.
- There are 29 or 30 days in a month.
- The 15th day in a month is the day of full moon.
- The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
- There are 25 leaps in 65 years.
In addition:
- There is a 60-year cycle consisting of animals and elements.
Tirhula calendar[edit | edit source]
- There are 12 months in a year.
In addition:
- There is a 7-day week.
Tripuri calendar[edit | edit source]
Tulu calendar[edit | edit source]
- There are 12 months in a year.
Unix time[edit | edit source]
- The start is the first day of the first month in 1970 in Gregorian calendar.
- The number of the time is the number of seconds since its start.
Vietnamese agricultural calendar[edit | edit source]
- There are 12 months in a year without leap.
- The first month is the month with winter solstice.
- The first day of a month is the day with new moon.
- (There are 29 or 30 days in a month.)
- The start of a day is the midnight.
- The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
- (There are about 7 leaps in 19 years.)
Vira Nirvana calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is the year of death of Mahavira.
- The start of the epoch is year zero.
- There are 12 months in a year without leap.
Yele calendar[edit | edit source]
- The epoch is possibly when Yalambar defeated the Gopal dynasty in the Kathmandu Valley.
Yi 10-month calendar[edit | edit source]
- There are 10 months and 5 days in a year without leap.
- There are 36 days in a month.
- There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 5 days, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
- (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)
Yi 12-month calendar[edit | edit source]
- There are 12 months in a year without leap.
- There are 30 days in a month.
- There is 1 leap month placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
Yoruba calendar[edit | edit source]
- There are 4 days in a week.
- There are 91 weeks in a year.
Zulu calendar[edit | edit source]
- There are 13 months in a year.
- There are about 29 days in the first 12 months, 4 to 5 days in the last month.
Clock[edit | edit source]
Burmese clock[edit | edit source]
- A day ရက် is divided into 8 units ‘ဗဟို’ evenly.
- Every ဗဟို is divided into 7.5 units ‘နာရီ’ evenly.
- Every နာရီ is divided into 4 units ‘ပါဒ်’ evenly.
- Every ပါဒ် is divided into 15 units ‘ဗီဇနာ’ evenly.
- Every ဗီဇနာ is divided into 6 units ‘ပြန်’ evenly.
- Every ပြန် is divided into 10 units ‘ခရာ’ evenly.
- Every ခရာ is divided into 12 units ‘ခဏ’ evenly.
- Every ခဏ is divided into 4 units ‘လယ’ evenly.
- Every လယ is divided into 1.25 units ‘အနုခရာ’ evenly.
Chinese clock[edit | edit source]
- A day is divided by 12 units ‘時’ evenly.
- A 時 is divided into 2 parts ‘初’, ‘正’ evenly.
- Each of those two parts is divided by 4 units ‘刻’ evenly.
In addition:
- Every 時 is associated with a Terrestrial Branch.
European clock[edit | edit source]
- A day is divided by 12 units ‘hour’ (in English) evenly.
- An hour is divided by 60 units ‘minute’ (in English) evenly.
- A minute is divided by 60 units ‘second’ (in English) evenly.
- A second is divided by 1000 units ‘millisecond’ (in English) evenly.
- A millisecond is divided by 1000 units ‘microsecond’ (in English) evenly.
- A microsecond is divided by 1000 units ‘nanosecond’ (in English) evenly.
- A nanosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘picosecond’ (in English) evenly.
- A picosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘femtosecond’ (in English) evenly.
- A femtosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘attosecond’ (in English) evenly.
- An attosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘zeptosecond’ (in English) evenly.
- A zeptosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘yoctosecond’ (in English) evenly.
- There is 1 leap second added to the last minute of a day.
Indian clock[edit | edit source]
common method[edit | edit source]
- A day is divided by 30 units ‘मुहूर्त’ evenly.
- A मुहूर्त is divided by 2 units ‘घड़ियां’ evenly.
- A घड़ियां is divided by 60 units ‘विघटि’ evenly.
- A विघटि is divided by 6 units ‘परमाणु’ evenly.
Vishnu Purana method[edit | edit source]
- A day is divided by 10 units ‘मुहूर्त’ evenly.
- A मुहूर्त is divided by 20 units ‘कला’ evenly.
- A कला is divided by 35 units ‘काष्ठा’ evenly.
- A काष्ठा is divided by 10 units ‘पलक झपकने का समय’ evenly.
small Vedic time[edit | edit source]
- A day is divided by 30 units ‘दण्ड’ evenly.
- A दण्ड is divided by 2 units ‘नाड़ी’ evenly.
- A नाड़ी is divided by 15 units ‘लघु’ evenly.
- A लघु is divided by 15 units ‘काष्ठा’ evenly.
- A काष्ठा is divided by 5 units ‘क्षण’ evenly.
- A क्षण is divided by 3 units ‘निमेष’ evenly.
- A निमेष is divided by 3 units ‘लावा’ evenly.
- A लावा is divided by 3 units ‘वेध’ evenly.
- A वेध is divided by 100 units ‘त्रुटि’ evenly.
- A त्रुटि is divided by 3 units ‘तॄसरेणु’ evenly.
- A तॄसरेणु is divided by 6 units ‘ब्रह्माण्डीय’ evenly.
Mongolian clock[edit | edit source]
- A day is divided by 12 parts evenly.
Thai clock[edit | edit source]
- A day is divided by 4 periods ‘...โมงเช้า’, ‘บ่าย...โมง’, ‘...ทุ่ม’, ‘ตี...’ evenly.
- Every such period is divided into 6 parts evenly.
Javanese clock[edit | edit source]
- A day is divided into 10 phrases with portions of length 2, 4, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3.
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