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<div class="pg_page_title">Welsh Grammar - Pronouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Comprehensive Guide to Welsh Grammar: Understanding Pronouns</div>


Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/welsh Welsh] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will be exploring the fascinating world of Welsh pronouns. Pronouns are an essential part of any language as they help to replace nouns and make our communication more concise and efficient.
Hello, aspiring [https://polyglotclub.com/language/welsh Welsh] speakers! 😊<br>Today, we will delve into the captivating realm of Welsh pronouns. Pronouns serve as an integral part of any language, substituting for nouns to make our communication more concise and fluid.


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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
Pronouns, also known as atebion or berfefeddion in Welsh, are words that stand in place of a noun or noun phrase. Welsh pronouns can be divided into personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, reflexive pronouns, and demonstrative pronouns. In this lesson, we will focus on personal pronouns as they are the most commonly used pronouns in Welsh.
Pronouns, known in Welsh as "atebion" or "berfefeddion," are words that replace nouns or noun phrases. This guide will primarily focus on personal pronouns, which are among the most commonly used pronouns in Welsh.


<span class="link">Before you proceed, you might also be interested in these related topics: [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]], [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]], [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use 'Have']], and [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]].</span>


<span link>Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]], [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]], [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]] & [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]].</span>
== Personal Pronouns ==
== Personal Pronouns ==
Welsh personal pronouns inflect according to number and gender. The first and second person pronouns have distinct singular and plural forms, whereas the third person pronouns are the same for both singular and plural. In addition, Welsh personal pronouns also have a distinction between formal and informal registers.
Welsh personal pronouns vary based on number, gender, and formality. Below is a table detailing these variations:
 


Here is a table showing the different forms of Welsh personal pronouns:


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Revision as of 13:23, 18 September 2023

Welsh-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Comprehensive Guide to Welsh Grammar: Understanding Pronouns

Hello, aspiring Welsh speakers! 😊
Today, we will delve into the captivating realm of Welsh pronouns. Pronouns serve as an integral part of any language, substituting for nouns to make our communication more concise and fluid.

Introduction

Pronouns, known in Welsh as "atebion" or "berfefeddion," are words that replace nouns or noun phrases. This guide will primarily focus on personal pronouns, which are among the most commonly used pronouns in Welsh.

Before you proceed, you might also be interested in these related topics: Adjectives, Plurals, How to Use 'Have', and Conditional Mood.

Personal Pronouns

Welsh personal pronouns vary based on number, gender, and formality. Below is a table detailing these variations:


Welsh Pronunciation English
Fi /vi/ I (formal)
Fe / Fo /ve/, /vo/ He (formal), It (formal)
Hi /hi/ She (formal)
Ni /ni/ We (formal)
Chwi /xwi/ You (formal, plural)
Nhw /n̥u/ They (formal)
Sut wyt ti? /sɨt wɪt ti/ How are you? (informal)
Ti /ti/ You (informal, singular)
Fe / Fo /ve/, /vo/ He (informal), It (informal)
Hi /hi/ She (informal)
Ni /nɪ/ We (informal)
Chi /xɪ/ You (informal, plural)
Hwntw /huːntuː/ They (informal)

Here are some examples of Welsh personal pronouns in context:

  • Person 1: Dw i eisiau cig oen. (I want lamb)
  • Person 2: Dw i eisiau cig eidion. (I want beef)
  • Person 1: Dw i'n hoffi y gath hwn. (I like this cat)
  • Person 2: Dw i'n hoffi'r ci hwn. (I like this dog)

It is important to note that in Welsh, the verb agrees with the subject pronoun, and there is no general article ('a') in Welsh.

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns, also known as berfenwau eiddo in Welsh, are used to indicate ownership or possession. They agree in number and gender with the noun they modify.

Here is a table showing the different forms of possessive pronouns in Welsh:

Welsh Pronunciation English
fy /və/ my (singular, masculine)
ein /n̥aɪn/ our (singular)
dy /də/ your (singular, masculine)
eich /eɪx/ your (singular or plural, formal)
ei /eɪ/ his, her, its
eu /eɪ/ their

Here are some examples of Welsh possessive pronouns in context:

  • Person 1: Mae fy nhŷ yn y dref. (My house is in the town)
  • Person 2: Mae ein tai ni ar y bryn. (Our houses are on the hill)
  • Person 1: Ble mae dy gar? (Where is your car?)
  • Person 2: Mae eich car chi yn y garej. (Your car is in the garage)

Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns, also known as berfenwau adlewyrchol in Welsh, are used to indicate that the action of the verb reflects back onto the subject. They agree in number and gender with the noun they modify.

Here is a table showing the different forms of reflexive pronouns in Welsh:

Welsh Pronunciation English
fy hun /və hɪn/ myself
ein hunain /n̥aɪn hɪnaɪn/ ourselves
dy hun /də hɪn/ yourself (singular, masculine)
eich hunan /eɪx hɪnan/ yourself (singular or plural, formal)
ei hunan /eɪ hɪnan/ himself, herself, itself
eu hunain /eɪ hɪnaɪn/ themselves

Here are some examples of Welsh reflexive pronouns in context:

  • Person 1: Dw i'n barod iawn ar gyfer y cyfweliad. (I am ready for the interview)
  • Person 2: Gadewch i mi drefnu'r dyddiadur ar gyfer eich hun. (Let me schedule the diary for yourself)
  • Person 1: A ydych chi'n teimlo'n iawn? (Are you feeling okay?)
  • Person 2: Dw i'n teimlo'n iawn fy hun. (I'm feeling okay myself)

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns, also known as berfenwau dangosol in Welsh, are used to point out specific people, places, or things. They agree in number and proximity with the noun they modify.

Here is a table showing the different forms of demonstrative pronouns in Welsh:

Welsh Pronunciation English
hwn /huːn/ this (masculine singular)
hon /hɔn/ this (feminine singular)
hyn /hɨn/ this (plural)
hwnna /huːna/ that (masculine singular)
honna /hɔna/ that (feminine singular)
honno /hɔnɔ/ that (feminine singular, distant)
y rhain /ə r̥ai̯n/ these
y rheinau /ə r̥aɪnaɪ/ those

Here are some examples of Welsh demonstrative pronouns in context:

  • Person 1: Mae hwn yn ysgubor. (This is a barn)
  • Person 2: Nac yw hon yn stafell haul? (Isn't this a sunny room?)
  • Person 1: Mae hyn yn beth da! (These are good things!)
  • Person 2: Pwy yw'r chwaraewr hwnna? (Who is that player?)

Practice makes perfect!

Now that we have explored the different types of Welsh pronouns, it is important to practice and use them in context. Practice with your friends, family, or Polyglot Club friends by engaging in conversation and asking questions. Don't be afraid to make mistakes, as they are all part of the learning process. Remember to be patient with yourself and enjoy the journey!

Remember, to improve your Welsh Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources

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