Difference between revisions of "Language/Tigrinya/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns"

Latest revision as of 16:36, 22 June 2023

◀️ Noun Gender and Plurality — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Family Members ▶️

Tigrinya → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Nouns and Pronouns → Personal Pronouns

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on Tigrinya personal pronouns! In this lesson, we will explore the personal pronouns used in the Tigrinya language. Personal pronouns are words that replace or refer to nouns, indicating the person or thing that is being talked about. Understanding personal pronouns is essential for effective communication in Tigrinya. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently use personal pronouns in your Tigrinya sentences.

Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

In Tigrinya, personal pronouns are used to indicate the subject or object of a sentence. They can be singular or plural, and they vary depending on the grammatical gender of the noun they are replacing. Let's take a look at the Tigrinya personal pronouns:

Singular Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Tigrinya has three singular personal pronouns, which are used to refer to one person or thing. The singular personal pronouns in Tigrinya are:

Tigrinya	Pronunciation	English Translation
ኣነ (Ana)	a-na	I
አንቺ (Anchi)	an-chi	You (Feminine)
አንችልም (Anchelm)	an-chel-m	You (Masculine)
ኣይደልኩን (Aydilukun)	a-y-di-lu-kun	He/She/It

Let's break down each pronoun and understand its usage:

1. ኣነ (Ana) - I: This pronoun is used when referring to oneself as the subject of a sentence. For example, "ኣነ በዓል እዩ" (Ana ba'al eyu) means "I am a student."

2. አንቺ (Anchi) - You (Feminine): This pronoun is used when addressing a female person as the subject of a sentence. For example, "አንቺ ናትና" (Anchi natna) means "You are beautiful."

3. አንችልም (Anchelm) - You (Masculine): This pronoun is used when addressing a male person as the subject of a sentence. For example, "አንችልም ሰው ነሽ" (Anchelm sew nesh) means "You are a good man."

4. ኣይደልኩን (Aydilukun) - He/She/It: This pronoun is used when referring to a third person as the subject of a sentence. For example, "ኣይደልኩን ባህላዊ ሓይለማት" (Aydilukun bahalawi hayle-mat) means "He/She/It is a talented artist."

Plural Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Tigrinya also has plural personal pronouns, which are used to refer to more than one person or thing. The plural personal pronouns in Tigrinya are:

Tigrinya	Pronunciation	English Translation
እኛ (Egnna)	eg-nna	We
እንዴት (Endet)	en-det	You (Plural)
ኣንቺልም (Anchelm)	an-chel-m	You (Formal)
ኣነችልም (Anchelm)	an-chel-m	They

Let's explore each pronoun and its usage:

1. እኛ (Egnna) - We: This pronoun is used when referring to a group of people that includes the speaker as the subject of a sentence. For example, "እኛ ተዳህረይ" (Egnna tedahrey) means "We are friends."

2. እንዴት (Endet) - You (Plural): This pronoun is used when addressing a group of people as the subject of a sentence. For example, "እንዴት ስንክሳር" (Endet sin-kessar) means "You all are students."

3. ኣንቺልም (Anchelm) - You (Formal): This pronoun is used to address a group of people politely or formally as the subject of a sentence. For example, "ኣንቺልም መርዓክ" (Anchelm mer'ak) means "You all are welcome."

4. ኣነችልም (Anchelm) - They: This pronoun is used when referring to a group of people or things as the subject of a sentence. For example, "ኣነችልም ዓለም ናትና" (Anchelm alam natna) means "They are beautiful people."

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

In Tigrinya-speaking regions, personal pronouns play a significant role in communication. Tigrinya culture emphasizes the use of appropriate personal pronouns based on age, social status, and gender. Addressing someone using the correct personal pronoun demonstrates respect and reflects the hierarchical nature of Tigrinya society.

Tigrinya also has different pronouns for formal and informal situations. When addressing someone formally, it is common to use the pronoun "ኣንቺልም" (Anchelm) for "you all" instead of the informal "እኛ" (Egnna). This formality is often used when speaking to elders, authority figures, or in professional settings.

Exercise: Using Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice using personal pronouns in sentences. Complete the following exercises by choosing the correct personal pronoun for each sentence:

1. __________ are students. 2. __________ is a doctor. 3. __________ is from Eritrea. 4. __________ and __________ are friends. 5. __________ is a talented artist.

Solution: 1. እኛ (Egnna) 2. ኣነችልም (Anchelm) 3. ኣነችልም (Anchelm) 4. እኛ (Egnna), አነችልም (Anchelm) 5. ኣይደልኩን (Aydilukun)

Explanation: 1. "እኛ ተዳህረይ" (Egnna tedahrey) - We are friends. 2. "ኣነችልም ዳኮትር ነው" (Anchelm dakotar new) - He/She is a doctor. 3. "ኣነችልም ኤርትራውያን ናትና" (Anchelm Eritrawyan natna) - He/She is from Eritrea. 4. "እኛ እና አነችልም መልእክት" (Egnna ena Anchelm mel'eket) - We and you are friends. 5. "ኣይደልኩን ባህላዊ ሓይለማት" (Aydilukun bahalawi hayle-mat) - He/She/It is a talented artist.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have successfully learned the Tigrinya personal pronouns. In this lesson, you discovered the singular and plural personal pronouns in Tigrinya, as well as their usage in sentences. Remember to pay attention to the gender and formality of personal pronouns when communicating in Tigrinya. Keep practicing and incorporating personal pronouns into your conversations to enhance your language skills.

In the next lesson, we will continue our exploration of Tigrinya grammar by delving into noun gender and plurality. Stay tuned!

Table of Contents - Tigrinya Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Greetings and Introductions

Alphabet and Pronunciation

Numbers and Time

Basic Sentence Structure

Common Verbs and Actions

Asking Questions

Food and Dining

Tigrinya Culture and Traditions

Nouns and Pronouns

Family and Relationships

Adjectives and Adverbs

Travel and Transportation

Geography and History

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Noun Gender and Plurality — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Family Members ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Tigrinya/Grammar/Noun-Gender-and-Plurality|◀️ Noun Gender and Plurality — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Tigrinya/Vocabulary/Family-Members|Next Lesson — Family Members ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Tigrinya-Page-Top}}
 <div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Tigrinya|Tigrinya]]  → [[Language/Tigrinya/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Tigrinya/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Nouns and Pronouns → Personal Pronouns</div>
 __TOC__
-Personal pronouns are an essential part of any language. They allow us to refer to people and things without repeating long or unnecessary names or descriptions. In Tigrinya, personal pronouns serve the same purpose.
+== Introduction ==
+Welcome to the lesson on Tigrinya personal pronouns! In this lesson, we will explore the personal pronouns used in the Tigrinya language. Personal pronouns are words that replace or refer to nouns, indicating the person or thing that is being talked about. Understanding personal pronouns is essential for effective communication in Tigrinya. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently use personal pronouns in your Tigrinya sentences.
+== Personal Pronouns ==
-In this lesson, you will learn about the Tigrinya personal pronouns, including their forms and their usage in sentences. By the end of this lesson, you will have gained the knowledge necessary to use Tigrinya pronouns like a native speaker.
+In Tigrinya, personal pronouns are used to indicate the subject or object of a sentence. They can be singular or plural, and they vary depending on the grammatical gender of the noun they are replacing. Let's take a look at the Tigrinya personal pronouns:
-== Forms of Personal Pronouns ==
+=== Singular Personal Pronouns ===
-Tigrinya personal pronouns take different forms depending on the person and number being referred to. Below is a table that summarizes the various forms of Tigrinya personal pronouns.
+Tigrinya has three singular personal pronouns, which are used to refer to one person or thing. The singular personal pronouns in Tigrinya are:
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Person !! Singular !! Plural
+! Tigrinya !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
-|-
-| First Person || እኔ || እኛ
 |-
-| Second Person (Informal) || ኢንተ || እልልታ
+| ኣነ (Ana) || a-na || I
 |-
-| Second Person (Formal) || መልካም || መልክና
+| አንቺ (Anchi) || an-chi || You (Feminine)
 |-
-| Third Person (Masculine) || የእኔ ሴት || የእኛ ሴት || እንደእኔ || እንደእኛ
+| አንችልም (Anchelm) || an-chel-m || You (Masculine)
 |-
-| Third Person (Feminine) || የእኔ ወንድ || የእኛ ወንድ || ቤተሰብ || ቤት
+| ኣይደልኩን (Aydilukun) || a-y-di-lu-kun || He/She/It
 |}
-Note that Tigrinya distinguishes between plural forms of the second person (informal), with እልልታ referring to a group that includes at least one female or ኢንተ referring to a group that only includes males.
+Let's break down each pronoun and understand its usage:
-Also, note that Tigrinya distinguishes between singular and plural forms of the third person. The third person has two forms of personal pronouns, one for the masculine gender and another for the feminine gender.
+. ኣነ (Ana) - I: This pronoun is used when referring to oneself as the subject of a sentence. For example, "ኣነ በዓል እዩ" (Ana ba'al eyu) means "I am a student."
-== Usage of Personal Pronouns ==
+. አንቺ (Anchi) - You (Feminine): This pronoun is used when addressing a female person as the subject of a sentence. For example, "አንቺ ናትና" (Anchi natna) means "You are beautiful."
-Personal pronouns are used in Tigrinya in much the same way as in English. They serve to replace a noun or a proper name that has already been used, and their usage can make sentences more concise and natural.
+. አንችልም (Anchelm) - You (Masculine): This pronoun is used when addressing a male person as the subject of a sentence. For example, "አንችልም ሰው ነሽ" (Anchelm sew nesh) means "You are a good man."
-As with any language, the use of pronouns in Tigrinya depends on various factors, such as the grammatical case, tense, mood, and aspect of the sentence. Below are some of the most common ways Tigrinya pronouns are used in sentences:
+. ኣይደልኩን (Aydilukun) - He/She/It: This pronoun is used when referring to a third person as the subject of a sentence. For example, "ኣይደልኩን ባህላዊ ሓይለማት" (Aydilukun bahalawi hayle-mat) means "He/She/It is a talented artist."
-=== Subject of the Verb ===
+=== Plural Personal Pronouns ===
-When the personal pronoun functions as the subject of the sentence, the pronoun typically comes before the verb. For example:
+Tigrinya also has plural personal pronouns, which are used to refer to more than one person or thing. The plural personal pronouns in Tigrinya are:
-* እኔ ትንሽ ነኝ (I am happy)
+{| class="wikitable"
-* ኢንተ ተጠቅመንህ (You decided)
+! Tigrinya !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
+|-
+| እኛ (Egnna) || eg-nna || We
+|-
+| እንዴት (Endet) || en-det || You (Plural)
+|-
+| ኣንቺልም (Anchelm) || an-chel-m || You (Formal)
+|-
+| ኣነችልም (Anchelm) || an-chel-m || They
+|}
-=== Object of the Verb ===
+Let's explore each pronoun and its usage:
-When a pronoun acts as the object of the verb, it comes after the verb. For example:
+. እኛ (Egnna) - We: This pronoun is used when referring to a group of people that includes the speaker as the subject of a sentence. For example, "እኛ ተዳህረይ" (Egnna tedahrey) means "We are friends."
-* እኔ የተከለከለ ቤት ያደረገውን እየጠቀሙ አለኝ (They told me what happened)
+. እንዴት (Endet) - You (Plural): This pronoun is used when addressing a group of people as the subject of a sentence. For example, "እንዴት ስንክሳር" (Endet sin-kessar) means "You all are students."
-* ኢንተ ተኝታለሁ (I see you)
-=== Possessive Pronouns ===
+. ኣንቺልም (Anchelm) - You (Formal): This pronoun is used to address a group of people politely or formally as the subject of a sentence. For example, "ኣንቺልም መርዓክ" (Anchelm mer'ak) means "You all are welcome."
-In Tigrinya, possessive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix "-na" to the end of the personal pronoun. For example:
+. ኣነችልም (Anchelm) - They: This pronoun is used when referring to a group of people or things as the subject of a sentence. For example, "ኣነችልም ዓለም ናትና" (Anchelm alam natna) means "They are beautiful people."
-* እኔንም የሚያስተምር የትምህርት ቤት የእርስዎ ነው (The education center that teaches me also belongs to you)
+== Cultural Insights ==
-=== Reflexive Pronouns ===
+In Tigrinya-speaking regions, personal pronouns play a significant role in communication. Tigrinya culture emphasizes the use of appropriate personal pronouns based on age, social status, and gender. Addressing someone using the correct personal pronoun demonstrates respect and reflects the hierarchical nature of Tigrinya society.
-Tigrinya reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix "-nza" to the end of the personal pronoun. They are used when the subject also performs the action on oneself. For example:
+Tigrinya also has different pronouns for formal and informal situations. When addressing someone formally, it is common to use the pronoun "ኣንቺልም" (Anchelm) for "you all" instead of the informal "እኛ" (Egnna). This formality is often used when speaking to elders, authority figures, or in professional settings.
-* እኔም መቀበል አልቻልኝም (I cut myself, too)
+== Exercise: Using Personal Pronouns ==
-* እርስዎም ሁለቱ ተናገሩ። እኔም ይላሉ (Both of you answered, and so did I)
-== Practice makes perfect ==
+Now it's time to practice using personal pronouns in sentences. Complete the following exercises by choosing the correct personal pronoun for each sentence:
-Learning a new language is not easy, and mastering all its nuances takes patience and practice. Here are some exercises to help you practice using Tigrinya personal pronouns:
+. __________ are students.
+. __________ is a doctor.
+. __________ is from Eritrea.
+. __________ and __________ are friends.
+. __________ is a talented artist.
-* <b>Exercise 1:</b> Translate the following sentences into Tigrinya:
+Solution:
-# I am tired.
+. እኛ (Egnna)
-# You (plural) are welcome.
+. ኣነችልም (Anchelm)
-# She saw them.
+. ኣነችልም (Anchelm)
+. እኛ (Egnna), አነችልም (Anchelm)
+. ኣይደልኩን (Aydilukun)
-* <b>Exercise 2:</b> Use the correct Tigrinya personal pronoun to complete the sentence:
+Explanation:
-# እኔ ትንሹ በል. እንደምታገለ በተደብቀኝ ምክንያቱም ንግግሮች አያውቁም.
+. "እኛ ተዳህረይ" (Egnna tedahrey) - We are friends.
-# ምንም አይመክሩም፣ ኢንተው ተሸማሽ.
+. "ኣነችልም ዳኮትር ነው" (Anchelm dakotar new) - He/She is a doctor.
-# እርስዎም ይኸው ተናገሩ. እኔ ምናለች፣ ምንም አትደንም።
+. "ኣነችልም ኤርትራውያን ናትና" (Anchelm Eritrawyan natna) - He/She is from Eritrea.
+. "እኛ እና አነችልም መልእክት" (Egnna ena Anchelm mel'eket) - We and you are friends.
+. "ኣይደልኩን ባህላዊ ሓይለማት" (Aydilukun bahalawi hayle-mat) - He/She/It is a talented artist.
-* <b>Exercise 3:</b> Using the personal pronouns, describe the people or things in the following sentences:
+== Conclusion ==
-# ሃዘን ተባዕት ለውጥ ነበረ.
-# ልጅን እንዴት ማየት እንችላለን?
-# ተስፋ የተገጠምበት ቦታ ነው.
-Congratulations! You have now covered the essentials of Tigrinya personal pronouns. Keep practicing, and you'll soon be on your way to speaking Tigrinya like a native!
+Congratulations! You have successfully learned the Tigrinya personal pronouns. In this lesson, you discovered the singular and plural personal pronouns in Tigrinya, as well as their usage in sentences. Remember to pay attention to the gender and formality of personal pronouns when communicating in Tigrinya. Keep practicing and incorporating personal pronouns into your conversations to enhance your language skills.
+In the next lesson, we will continue our exploration of Tigrinya grammar by delving into noun gender and plurality. Stay tuned!
 {{#seo:
-|title=Tigrinya Grammar: Nouns and Pronouns: Personal Pronouns
+|title=Tigrinya Grammar → Nouns and Pronouns → Personal Pronouns
-|keywords=Tigrinya Grammar Nouns Pronouns Personal Pronouns Tigrinya Course
+|keywords=Tigrinya personal pronouns, Tigrinya language, Tigrinya grammar, Tigrinya singular personal pronouns, Tigrinya plural personal pronouns
-|description=Learn the Tigrinya personal pronouns, including their forms and usage in sentences. This lesson is part of the Complete 0 to A1 Tigrinya Course.
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn the Tigrinya personal pronouns, such as I, you, he, she, we, and they, as well as the rules for their usage in sentences.
 }}
@@ Line 98: / Line 121: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Tigrinya-0-to-A1-Course]]
-<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
+==Sources==
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigrinya_grammar Tigrinya grammar - Wikipedia]
+* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Tigrinya/Grammar/Pronouns Tigrinya Grammar - Pronouns]
+* [https://www.liquisearch.com/tigrinya_grammar/pronouns/personal_pronouns Tigrinya Grammar - Pronouns - Personal Pronouns]
@@ Line 112: / Line 142: @@
 * [[Language/Tigrinya/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
 * [[Language/Tigrinya/Grammar/Noun-Gender-and-Plurality|Noun Gender and Plurality]]
 {{Tigrinya-Page-Bottom}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Tigrinya/Grammar/Noun-Gender-and-Plurality|◀️ Noun Gender and Plurality — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Tigrinya/Vocabulary/Family-Members|Next Lesson — Family Members ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>