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Icelandic personal pronouns are an integral part of communicating effectively in Icelandic. Learning how to use them correctly will allow you to express yourself more accurately and confidently in conversations. In this lesson, we will cover Icelandic personal pronouns, including subject pronouns, object pronouns, and possessive pronouns.
== Introduction ==


== Icelandic Subject Pronouns ==
Welcome to the lesson on personal pronouns in Icelandic! In this lesson, we will explore the importance of personal pronouns in the context of the Icelandic language and how they are used in various sentence structures. Personal pronouns are essential for effective communication, as they help us refer to people, objects, and ideas without constantly repeating their names. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of subject pronouns, object pronouns, and possessive pronouns in Icelandic.


Subject pronouns are used to replace the subject of a sentence. They are equivalent to the English pronouns "I", "you", "he/she/it", "we", and "they".
== Subject Pronouns ==


Here are the Icelandic subject pronouns:
Subject pronouns are used to indicate the person or thing performing the action in a sentence. In Icelandic, subject pronouns are typically placed before the verb. Let's take a look at the subject pronouns in Icelandic:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Icelandic !! Pronunciation !! English
! Icelandic !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Ég || [jek] || I
| Ég || yek || I
|-
|-
| Þú || [θuː] || You (singular)
| Þú || thoo || You (singular)
|-
|-
| Hann || [haɲː] || He
| Hann || hahn || He
|-
|-
| Hún || [huːn] || She
| Hún || hoon || She
|-
|-
| Það || [θaːθ] || It
| Við || veeth || We
|-
|-
| Við || [vɪð] || We
| Þið || theeth || You (plural)
|-
|-
| Þið || [θɪð] || You (plural)
| Þau || thow || They
|-
| Þeir || [θɛir] || They (masculine)
|-
| Þær || [θaɛr] || They (feminine)
|-
| Þau || [θœi] || They (neuter)
|}
|}


=== Examples ===
Here are some examples of subject pronouns in sentences:


* Ég er góð/ur í íþróttir. – [jek ɛr kouːð yː iθroutir] – I'm good at sports.
* Ég er að læra íslensku. (I am learning Icelandic.)
* Þú ert falleg/ur. – [θuː ɛr̥t falɛɣ yːr̥] – You're beautiful.
* Þú ert fallegur. (You are beautiful.)
* Hann er hættur/samur. – [haɲː ɛr̥ haitːʏr̥ samʏr̥] – He's brave.
* Hann elskar að lesa. (He loves to read.)
* Hún er dugleg/ur. – [huːn ɛr̥ tʏːklɛɣ yːr̥] – She's diligent.
* Hún er mjög dugleg. (She is very talented.)
* Það er erfitt. – [θaːθ ɛr̥ ɛrvɪht] – It's difficult.
* Við erum bestu vinir. (We are best friends.)
* Við erum vinir. – [vɪð ɛr̥ʏm vɪnɪr̥] – We're friends.
* Þið komið frá Bandaríkjunum. (You come from the United States.)
* Þið eruð góð í skólunni. – [θɪð ɛr̥ʏð koːð yː skoulʏnɪ] – You're good in school.
* Þau hafa hund. (They have a dog.)
* Þeir eru gömul. – [θɛir̥ ɛr̥ʏ ɣœmʏl] – They're old (masculine).
* Þær eru tilbúnar. – [θaɛr̥ ɛr̥ʏ tɪlbunar] – They're ready (feminine).
* Þau eru þreytt. – [θœi ɛr̥ʏ θreitː] – They're tired (neuter).


== Object Pronouns ==


== Icelandic Object Pronouns ==
Object pronouns are used to indicate the person or thing that receives the action in a sentence. In Icelandic, object pronouns can be placed before the verb or attached to the end of the verb. Let's take a look at the object pronouns in Icelandic:
 
Object pronouns are used to replace the object of a sentence. They are equivalent to the English pronouns "me", "you", "him/her/it", "us", and "them".
 
Here are the Icelandic object pronouns:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Icelandic !! Pronunciation !! English
! Icelandic !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Mig || [mɪɣ] || Me
| Mig || meeg || Me
|-
|-
| Þig || [θɪɣ] || You (singular)
| Þig || theeg || You (singular)
|-
|-
| Hann || [haɲː] || Him
| Hann || hahn || Him
|-
|-
| Hana || [hanä] || Her
| Hana || hahnah || Her
|-
|-
| Það || [θaːθ] || It
| Okkur || ohk-oor || Us
|-
|-
| Okkur || [ɔ̝hkʏr] || Us
| Ykkur || yk-kur || You (plural)
|-
|-
| Ykkur || [ɪkːʏr] || You (plural)
| Þá || thow || Them
|-
| Þá || [θau] || Them (masculine)
|-
| Þær || [θär̥] || Them (feminine)
|-
| Þau || [θœi] || Them (neuter)
|}
|}


=== Examples ===
Here are some examples of object pronouns in sentences:


* Ég sé þig. – [jek saɪ θɪɣ] – I see you.
* Ég sá þig í bókasafninu. (I saw you at the library.)
* Hann hjálpar þeim. – [haɲː cauːlpar θɛim̥] – He helps them (masculine).
* Hann hjálpaði mér. (He helped me.)
* Hún elskaði hann. – [huːn ɛlskaðɪ haɲː] – She loved him.
* Hún elskaði hann. (She loved him.)
* Við horfum á það. – [vɪð hɔrvʏm̥ auː θaːθ] – We're looking at it.
* Ég þekki hana vel. (I know her well.)
* Þið segið mér. – [θɪð sɛɣɪð mjeːr̥] – You're telling me.
* Við köllum okkur frændur. (We call ourselves friends.)
* Þau elska þér. – [θœi ɛlska θjeːr] – They love you (neuter).
* Þið sáuð ykkur í speglinum. (You saw yourselves in the mirror.)
* Ég átti góða samræðu við þá. (I had a good conversation with them.)


== Icelandic Possessive Pronouns ==
== Possessive Pronouns ==


Possessive pronouns are used to show possession. They stand alone and do not modify nouns. They are equivalent to the English pronouns "mine", "yours", "his/hers/its", "ours", and "theirs".
Possessive pronouns are used to indicate ownership or possession in a sentence. In Icelandic, possessive pronouns agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify. Let's take a look at the possessive pronouns in Icelandic:
 
Here are the Icelandic possessive pronouns:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Icelandic !! Pronunciation !! English
! Icelandic !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Minn/min || [mɪnːn̥] || Mine
| Minn || min || Mine
|-
|-
| Þinn/tinn || [θɪnː] || Yours (singular)
| Þinn || thin || Yours (singular)
|-
|-
| Hans/hennar/hins || [hans/hɛnːar/hins] || His/hers/its
| Hans || hahns || His
|-
|-
| Okkar/vor/vort || [ɔ̝hkar/vɔr/vɔr̥t] || Ours
| Hennar || henn-ar || Hers
|-
|-
| Ykkar/ðar/þiðar || [ɪkːʏr/ðaɾ̥/θɪðar̥] || Yours (plural)
| Okkar || ohk-kar || Ours
|-
|-
| Sín/sitt/sín || [siːn/sɪtt/siːn] || Theirs
| Ykkar || yk-kar || Yours (plural)
|-
| Sín || seen || Theirs
|}
|}


=== Examples ===
Here are some examples of possessive pronouns in sentences:
 
* Þetta er bókin mín. (This is my book.)
* Er þetta penninn þinn? (Is this your pen?)
* Hann er stoltur af bílnum sínum. (He is proud of his car.)
* Hún átti góðan tímann sinn. (She had a good time of her own.)
* Þetta er hús okkar. (This is our house.)
* Er þetta tölvurnar ykkar? (Are these your computers?)
* Þau eru stolt af bókum sínum. (They are proud of their books.)
 
== Cultural Insights ==
 
In Icelandic culture, personal pronouns play a significant role in maintaining politeness and respect. Addressing someone by their first name without their permission is considered impolite, so it is common to use subject pronouns or titles when addressing others. Additionally, Icelandic has a unique pronoun called "þið" which is used to address a group of individuals in a formal or respectful manner. This form of address is often used when speaking to older people or those in positions of authority.


* Ég er með minn hund. – [jek ɛr̥ mɛð mɪnː ˈhʏnt] – I have my dog.
In terms of historical context, Icelandic, as a North Germanic language, shares its roots with Old Norse. The use of personal pronouns in Icelandic reflects the influence of Old Norse, which had a complex system of pronouns. While the pronouns have evolved over time, the grammatical structure and usage have remained relatively consistent.
* Þú ert með þinn böskuð. – [θuː ɛr̥t mɛð θɪnː ˈpœskiːð] – You have your hat.
* Hann er með sitt hjól. – [haɲː ɛr̥ mɛð sɪtː hjuːl] – He has his bike.
* Við erum með okkar bækur. – [vɪð ɛr̥ʏm̥ mɛð ɔ̝hkar̥ ˈpjakʏr] – We have our books.
* Þið eruð með ykkar föt. – [θɪð ɛr̥ʏð mɛð ɪkːʏr fœht] – You have your clothes.
* Þau eru með sína hest. – [θœi ɛr̥ʏ mɛð siːna hɛst] – They have their horse.


Congratulations! You have learned about Icelandic personal pronouns, including subject pronouns, object pronouns, and possessive pronouns. Keep practicing and incorporating them into your conversations to improve your Icelandic language skills.
== Practice Exercises ==
 
Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of personal pronouns in Icelandic.
 
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate subject pronoun:
1. ___ elska að lesa.
2. ___ hefur góðan bragð.
3. ___ erum góðir vinir.
4. ___ sáu þig í bókasafninu.
5. ___ er mjög dugleg í skólanum.
 
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate object pronoun:
1. Ég sá ___ í bókasafninu.
2. Hann hjálpaði ___.
3. Hún elskaði ___.
4. Ég þekki ___ vel.
5. Við köllum ___ frændur.
 
Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate possessive pronoun:
1. Er þetta bókin ___?
2. Þetta er penninn ___.
3. Hann er stoltur af bílnum ___.
4. Hún átti góðan tímann ___.
5. Þetta er hús ___.
 
== Solutions ==
 
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate subject pronoun:
1. Ég elska að lesa.
2. Þú hefur góðan bragð.
3. Við erum góðir vinir.
4. Þau sáu þig í bókasafninu.
5. Hún er mjög dugleg í skólanum.
 
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate object pronoun:
1. Ég sá þig í bókasafninu.
2. Hann hjálpaði mér.
3. Hún elskaði hann.
4. Ég þekki hana vel.
5. Við köllum okkur frændur.
 
Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate possessive pronoun:
1. Er þetta bókin þín?
2. Þetta er penninn þinn.
3. Hann er stoltur af bílnum sínum.
4. Hún átti góðan tímann sinn.
5. Þetta er hús okkar.
 
Congratulations on completing the exercises! You now have a solid understanding of personal pronouns in Icelandic.
 
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|keywords=Icelandic grammar, Icelandic personal pronouns, Icelandic subject pronouns, Icelandic object pronouns, Icelandic possessive pronouns
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use Icelandic personal pronouns, including subject pronouns, object pronouns, and possessive pronouns. Explore the cultural insights and practice exercises to enhance your understanding of the topic.
}}


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==Videos==
==Videos==
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===Personal Pronouns in Icelandic [EP.18] - YouTube===
===Personal Pronouns in Icelandic [EP.18] - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XB2UgA7VPME</youtube>
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XB2UgA7VPME</youtube>
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_grammar Icelandic grammar - Wikipedia]
* [https://ielanguages.com/icelandic-pronouns.html Icelandic Pronouns - ielanguages.com]
* [https://icelandicgrammar.com/docs/pronouns/pronoun-intro Introduction to pronouns | Icelandic Grammar Reference]




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* [[Language/Icelandic/Grammar/Icelandic-Articles|Icelandic Articles]]
* [[Language/Icelandic/Grammar/Icelandic-Articles|Icelandic Articles]]
* [[Language/Icelandic/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Icelandic/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]


{{Icelandic-Page-Bottom}}
{{Icelandic-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Icelandic/Vocabulary/Introducing-Yourself|◀️ Introducing Yourself — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Icelandic/Grammar/Definite-and-Indefinite-Articles|Next Lesson — Definite and Indefinite Articles ▶️]]
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</span>

Latest revision as of 12:17, 22 June 2023

◀️ Introducing Yourself — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Definite and Indefinite Articles ▶️

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Icelandic → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Pronouns and Articles → Personal Pronouns

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on personal pronouns in Icelandic! In this lesson, we will explore the importance of personal pronouns in the context of the Icelandic language and how they are used in various sentence structures. Personal pronouns are essential for effective communication, as they help us refer to people, objects, and ideas without constantly repeating their names. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of subject pronouns, object pronouns, and possessive pronouns in Icelandic.

Subject Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Subject pronouns are used to indicate the person or thing performing the action in a sentence. In Icelandic, subject pronouns are typically placed before the verb. Let's take a look at the subject pronouns in Icelandic:

Icelandic Pronunciation English
Ég yek I
Þú thoo You (singular)
Hann hahn He
Hún hoon She
Við veeth We
Þið theeth You (plural)
Þau thow They

Here are some examples of subject pronouns in sentences:

  • Ég er að læra íslensku. (I am learning Icelandic.)
  • Þú ert fallegur. (You are beautiful.)
  • Hann elskar að lesa. (He loves to read.)
  • Hún er mjög dugleg. (She is very talented.)
  • Við erum bestu vinir. (We are best friends.)
  • Þið komið frá Bandaríkjunum. (You come from the United States.)
  • Þau hafa hund. (They have a dog.)

Object Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Object pronouns are used to indicate the person or thing that receives the action in a sentence. In Icelandic, object pronouns can be placed before the verb or attached to the end of the verb. Let's take a look at the object pronouns in Icelandic:

Icelandic Pronunciation English
Mig meeg Me
Þig theeg You (singular)
Hann hahn Him
Hana hahnah Her
Okkur ohk-oor Us
Ykkur yk-kur You (plural)
Þá thow Them

Here are some examples of object pronouns in sentences:

  • Ég sá þig í bókasafninu. (I saw you at the library.)
  • Hann hjálpaði mér. (He helped me.)
  • Hún elskaði hann. (She loved him.)
  • Ég þekki hana vel. (I know her well.)
  • Við köllum okkur frændur. (We call ourselves friends.)
  • Þið sáuð ykkur í speglinum. (You saw yourselves in the mirror.)
  • Ég átti góða samræðu við þá. (I had a good conversation with them.)

Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Possessive pronouns are used to indicate ownership or possession in a sentence. In Icelandic, possessive pronouns agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify. Let's take a look at the possessive pronouns in Icelandic:

Icelandic Pronunciation English
Minn min Mine
Þinn thin Yours (singular)
Hans hahns His
Hennar henn-ar Hers
Okkar ohk-kar Ours
Ykkar yk-kar Yours (plural)
Sín seen Theirs

Here are some examples of possessive pronouns in sentences:

  • Þetta er bókin mín. (This is my book.)
  • Er þetta penninn þinn? (Is this your pen?)
  • Hann er stoltur af bílnum sínum. (He is proud of his car.)
  • Hún átti góðan tímann sinn. (She had a good time of her own.)
  • Þetta er hús okkar. (This is our house.)
  • Er þetta tölvurnar ykkar? (Are these your computers?)
  • Þau eru stolt af bókum sínum. (They are proud of their books.)

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

In Icelandic culture, personal pronouns play a significant role in maintaining politeness and respect. Addressing someone by their first name without their permission is considered impolite, so it is common to use subject pronouns or titles when addressing others. Additionally, Icelandic has a unique pronoun called "þið" which is used to address a group of individuals in a formal or respectful manner. This form of address is often used when speaking to older people or those in positions of authority.

In terms of historical context, Icelandic, as a North Germanic language, shares its roots with Old Norse. The use of personal pronouns in Icelandic reflects the influence of Old Norse, which had a complex system of pronouns. While the pronouns have evolved over time, the grammatical structure and usage have remained relatively consistent.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of personal pronouns in Icelandic.

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate subject pronoun: 1. ___ elska að lesa. 2. ___ hefur góðan bragð. 3. ___ erum góðir vinir. 4. ___ sáu þig í bókasafninu. 5. ___ er mjög dugleg í skólanum.

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate object pronoun: 1. Ég sá ___ í bókasafninu. 2. Hann hjálpaði ___. 3. Hún elskaði ___. 4. Ég þekki ___ vel. 5. Við köllum ___ frændur.

Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate possessive pronoun: 1. Er þetta bókin ___? 2. Þetta er penninn ___. 3. Hann er stoltur af bílnum ___. 4. Hún átti góðan tímann ___. 5. Þetta er hús ___.

Solutions[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate subject pronoun: 1. Ég elska að lesa. 2. Þú hefur góðan bragð. 3. Við erum góðir vinir. 4. Þau sáu þig í bókasafninu. 5. Hún er mjög dugleg í skólanum.

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate object pronoun: 1. Ég sá þig í bókasafninu. 2. Hann hjálpaði mér. 3. Hún elskaði hann. 4. Ég þekki hana vel. 5. Við köllum okkur frændur.

Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate possessive pronoun: 1. Er þetta bókin þín? 2. Þetta er penninn þinn. 3. Hann er stoltur af bílnum sínum. 4. Hún átti góðan tímann sinn. 5. Þetta er hús okkar.

Congratulations on completing the exercises! You now have a solid understanding of personal pronouns in Icelandic.

Table of Contents - Icelandic Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Pronouns and Articles


Numbers and Time


Present Tense Verbs


Everyday Activities


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Questions and Negation


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions


Weather and Seasons


Icelandic Culture and Traditions

Videos[edit | edit source]

Personal pronouns in Icelandic - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Icelandic Grammar: Impersonal Verbs - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Personal Pronouns in Icelandic [EP.18] - YouTube[edit | edit source]



Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]




◀️ Introducing Yourself — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Definite and Indefinite Articles ▶️

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