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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Lingala|Lingala]]  → [[Language/Lingala/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjectives and Adverbs → Comparative and Superlative</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Lingala|Lingala]]  → [[Language/Lingala/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjectives and Adverbs → Comparative and Superlative</div>


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As we continue with our Complete 0 to A1 Lingala Course, we will now focus on comparative and superlative adjectives. In this lesson, you will learn how to form these types of adjectives in Lingala in order to compare and contrast things.
Introduction:
Welcome to the lesson on comparative and superlative adjectives in Lingala! In this lesson, we will explore how to compare and contrast things using adjectives. This topic is important because it allows us to express degrees of comparison and describe the differences between objects, people, or places. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form comparative and superlative adjectives in Lingala with ease. Let's get started!


 
Comparative Adjectives:
<span link>Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/Wh--Questions|Wh Questions]] & [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/Create-simple-sentences-in-the-negative|Create simple sentences in the negative]].</span>
To form comparative adjectives in Lingala, we use the word "ebimi" before the adjective. The word "ebimi" means "more" in English. Let's look at some examples:
== Comparative Adjectives ==
 
Comparative adjectives are used to compare or indicate the relative degree of difference between two people, places or things. In Lingala, comparative adjectives can be formed in two ways:
 
1. Using the word "mbongo"  
2. Using the prefix "na" with the adjective
 
Here's an example using the word "mbongo":


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Lingala !! Pronunciation !! English
! Lingala !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| Mbongo ya moto ezali malamu na mbongo ya mosoni.  || [mbònɡó jà mòtó ézàli màlàmù nà mbònɡó yà mosó̃ní]  || A fire is hotter than ice.
| mbala || m-ba-la || beautiful
|}
|-
 
| ebimi mbala || e-bi-mi m-ba-la || more beautiful
And here's an example using the prefix "na":
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Lingala !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Nzoto na ngai ezali nzelé na nzoto na yo.  || [nzòtó në ngài èzàli nzèlé në nzòtó në yo]  ||  My back is broader than yours.
| moto || mo-to || tall
|}
 
To form comparative adjectives with "na", simply add the prefix before the adjective. Keep in mind that this prefix will change with respect to the noun class and tense.
 
Here are some examples with the prefix "na":
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Lingala !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Nina ezali na bilele bya mokili.  || [nìnà èzàli në bilèlè byà mòkìlì]  || Nina is taller than the trees.
| ebimi moto || e-bi-mi mo-to || taller
|-
|-
| Bolamu na ngai ezali makasi na bolamu na yo.  || [bòlàmù në ngài èzàli màkàsì në bòlàmù në yò]  || My health is better than yours.
| moko || mo-ko || big
|-
|-
| Moto na ngai ezali malembe na moto na yo.  || [mòtó në ngài èzàli màlèmbè në mòtó në yò]  || I am faster than you.
| ebimi moko || e-bi-mi mo-ko || bigger
|}
|}


The word "mbongo" can be used as a stand-alone comparative adverb, but is more commonly used in comparison with a preposition. This is because it means "than". It can be used with the conjunction "oyo" and the preposition "na" to mean "than this" or "than that".  
As you can see from the examples, we simply add "ebimi" before the adjective to indicate a comparative degree. It's important to note that the adjective itself does not change. Only the word "ebimi" is added.


Here are some examples using "mbongo" in comparison with a preposition:
Superlative Adjectives:
To form superlative adjectives in Lingala, we use the word "ya liboso" before the adjective. The word "ya liboso" means "the most" in English. Let's look at some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Lingala !! Pronunciation !! English
! Lingala !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| mbala || m-ba-la || beautiful
|-
| ya liboso mbala || ya li-bo-so m-ba-la || the most beautiful
|-
|-
| Ngai na yo: bikamwa ebongo na mikili ya bato.  || [ngài në yò: bikàmwà èbóngo nà mìkílì yà bàtó]  || Me and you: brains are better than brawn.
| moto || mo-to || tall
|-
|-
| Ngaï: ngolu mekolo ezali ebongo na se.  || [ngàï: ñólù mèkólò èzàli èbóngo në sé]  || I: a year is longer than a day.
| ya liboso moto || ya li-bo-so mo-to || the tallest
|}
 
In both of the tables above, you can see that "mbongo" was used to indicate the comparison, and either the preposition "na" or the conjunction "oyo" was used to provide additional context.
 
== Superlative Adjectives ==
 
Superlative adjectives allow us to compare one person, place or thing with all others in a collection or group. In Lingala, we can form the superlative in two ways:
 
1. Using the word "koluka mingi"
2. Using the prefix "na" with the adjective followed by "moko"
 
Here's an example using "koluka mingi":
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Lingala !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Ngaï eué na okolo yango, ekobanda koluka mingi. || [ngàï éwé në òkòlò yàngò, èkobàndà kòlùkà mìngì]  || I have seen many places, but this is the best.
| moko || mo-ko || big
|}
 
And here's an example using the prefix "na" followed by "moko":
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Lingala !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Nzoto na yo ezali na motema moko elongo.  || [nzòtó në yò èzàli në mòtémà mòkò èlòngò]  || Your back is the widest.
| ya liboso moko || ya li-bo-so mo-ko || the biggest
|}
|}


To form superlative adjectives with "na moko", simply add the prefix to the adjective and add "moko" after it. Keep in mind that the prefix will change depending on the noun class and tense.
Similar to comparative adjectives, the adjective itself remains unchanged. We simply add "ya liboso" before the adjective to indicate a superlative degree.


Here are some examples with "na moko":
Cultural Insight:
In Lingala culture, it is common to use comparative and superlative adjectives when describing people's physical appearance. For example, one might say "ye moko ya liboso" (the tallest person) or "ye mbala ya liboso" (the most beautiful person) to emphasize someone's outstanding physical features. This cultural practice reflects the importance placed on beauty and physical attractiveness in Lingala society.


{| class="wikitable"
Exercise 1:
! Lingala !! Pronunciation !! English
Now it's time for you to practice forming comparative and superlative adjectives in Lingala. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the adjective in parentheses.
|-
| Ngolu na ngai ezali ya koluka mingi na ngolu ya mosali. ||  [ñólù në ngài èzàli yà kólùkà mìŋgì në ñólù në mosàlì]  ||  My heart is the biggest of all girls.
|-
| Ngai na yo, ngaï ezali ya koluka mingi na balabala ya mbula.  || [ngài në yò ngàï èzàli yà kólùkà mìŋgì në balàbalà yà mbùlà]  || Mine is the best in the river.


== Exceptions ==
1. Mabele ebi nzela __________ (long) (Answer: ebi nzela moko)
2. Moto ebi moko __________ (strong) (Answer: ebi moko ya liboso)
3. Sango ebi __________ (hot) (Answer: ebi sango ebimi)
4. Nkisi ebi __________ (powerful) (Answer: ebi nkisi ebimi)
5. Liboso ebi __________ (important) (Answer: ebi li-bo-so ya liboso)


It is important to note that certain adjectives don't follow the standard rules when forming the comparative and superlative in Lingala. For example, the adjective "nzela" (long) has the irregular forms "nzela tina" (longer) and "nzela tango" (longest). Here's an example:
Exercise 2:
Translate the following sentences into Lingala using comparative or superlative adjectives.


{| class="wikitable"
1. My car is faster than your car. (Answer: Motuka na ngai ebimi ya liboso na motuka na yo.)
! Lingala !! Pronunciation !! English
2. This book is more interesting than that book. (Answer: Livre eleki ebimi ya liboso na livre eleki ya liboso.)
|-
3. She is the tallest girl in the class. (Answer: Ye eleki mwasi moko na kaka.)
| Ngaï na yo ezali na likambo tango na nzela. ||  [ngàï në yò èzàli në likàmbò të̃́gò në nzèlà]  ||  Mine is the longest speech.
|}


Some other adjectives that follow irregular rules include "yéle" (small, little), "mobali" (strong), and "mateya" (mad).
Conclusion:
 
Congratulations! You have learned how to form comparative and superlative adjectives in Lingala. This knowledge will allow you to compare and contrast things more effectively in your conversations. Remember to use "ebimi" for comparative adjectives and "ya liboso" for superlative adjectives. Keep practicing to reinforce your understanding and expand your vocabulary. In the next lesson, we will explore the usage of adverbs in Lingala. Stay tuned!
== Practice ==
 
Take some time to practice forming comparative and superlative adjectives in Lingala. Try to use both methods of forming comparative adjectives (mbongo vs. na) and superlative adjectives (koluka mingi vs. na moko), and don't forget to use the proper prefixes in agreement with the noun classes and tenses. With some practice, you'll be able to compare and contrast with ease!


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|title=Lingala Grammar → Adjectives and Adverbs → Comparative and Superlative
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|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form comparative and superlative adjectives in Lingala to compare and contrast things.
|description=Learn how to form comparative and superlative adjectives in Lingala to compare and contrast things. Explore the cultural significance of these language structures in Lingala society.
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==Sources==
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Lingala/Grammar Lingala Grammar]
 




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* [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/Time-adverbs|Time adverbs]]
* [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/Time-adverbs|Time adverbs]]
* [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]


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|[[Language/Lingala/Grammar/Descriptive-Adjectives|◀️ Descriptive Adjectives — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Lingala/Grammar/Adverbs|Next Lesson — Adverbs ▶️]]
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Latest revision as of 05:10, 22 June 2023

◀️ Descriptive Adjectives — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Adverbs ▶️

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Lingala → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Adjectives and Adverbs → Comparative and Superlative

Introduction: Welcome to the lesson on comparative and superlative adjectives in Lingala! In this lesson, we will explore how to compare and contrast things using adjectives. This topic is important because it allows us to express degrees of comparison and describe the differences between objects, people, or places. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form comparative and superlative adjectives in Lingala with ease. Let's get started!

Comparative Adjectives: To form comparative adjectives in Lingala, we use the word "ebimi" before the adjective. The word "ebimi" means "more" in English. Let's look at some examples:

Lingala Pronunciation English Translation
mbala m-ba-la beautiful
ebimi mbala e-bi-mi m-ba-la more beautiful
moto mo-to tall
ebimi moto e-bi-mi mo-to taller
moko mo-ko big
ebimi moko e-bi-mi mo-ko bigger

As you can see from the examples, we simply add "ebimi" before the adjective to indicate a comparative degree. It's important to note that the adjective itself does not change. Only the word "ebimi" is added.

Superlative Adjectives: To form superlative adjectives in Lingala, we use the word "ya liboso" before the adjective. The word "ya liboso" means "the most" in English. Let's look at some examples:

Lingala Pronunciation English Translation
mbala m-ba-la beautiful
ya liboso mbala ya li-bo-so m-ba-la the most beautiful
moto mo-to tall
ya liboso moto ya li-bo-so mo-to the tallest
moko mo-ko big
ya liboso moko ya li-bo-so mo-ko the biggest

Similar to comparative adjectives, the adjective itself remains unchanged. We simply add "ya liboso" before the adjective to indicate a superlative degree.

Cultural Insight: In Lingala culture, it is common to use comparative and superlative adjectives when describing people's physical appearance. For example, one might say "ye moko ya liboso" (the tallest person) or "ye mbala ya liboso" (the most beautiful person) to emphasize someone's outstanding physical features. This cultural practice reflects the importance placed on beauty and physical attractiveness in Lingala society.

Exercise 1: Now it's time for you to practice forming comparative and superlative adjectives in Lingala. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the adjective in parentheses.

1. Mabele ebi nzela __________ (long) (Answer: ebi nzela moko) 2. Moto ebi moko __________ (strong) (Answer: ebi moko ya liboso) 3. Sango ebi __________ (hot) (Answer: ebi sango ebimi) 4. Nkisi ebi __________ (powerful) (Answer: ebi nkisi ebimi) 5. Liboso ebi __________ (important) (Answer: ebi li-bo-so ya liboso)

Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences into Lingala using comparative or superlative adjectives.

1. My car is faster than your car. (Answer: Motuka na ngai ebimi ya liboso na motuka na yo.) 2. This book is more interesting than that book. (Answer: Livre eleki ebimi ya liboso na livre eleki ya liboso.) 3. She is the tallest girl in the class. (Answer: Ye eleki mwasi moko na kaka.)

Conclusion: Congratulations! You have learned how to form comparative and superlative adjectives in Lingala. This knowledge will allow you to compare and contrast things more effectively in your conversations. Remember to use "ebimi" for comparative adjectives and "ya liboso" for superlative adjectives. Keep practicing to reinforce your understanding and expand your vocabulary. In the next lesson, we will explore the usage of adverbs in Lingala. Stay tuned!

Table of Contents - Lingala Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Conjugation


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Travel and Transportation


Lingala Culture and Traditions


Professions and Hobbies


Questions and Interrogatives


Daily Routines and Activities


Imperatives and Commands


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]




◀️ Descriptive Adjectives — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Adverbs ▶️

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