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|[[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Common-Conjunctions|◀️ Common Conjunctions — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Javanese/Culture/Social-Etiquette|Next Lesson — Social Etiquette ▶️]]
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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Javanese|Javanese]]  → [[Language/Javanese/Culture|Culture]] → [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Javanese Customs and Etiquette → Politeness Levels</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Javanese|Javanese]]  → [[Language/Javanese/Culture|Culture]] → [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Javanese Customs and Etiquette → Politeness Levels</div>


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Javanese culture places high importance on proper manners and social etiquette. Politeness is a fundamental aspect of Javanese society and language. In this lesson, you will learn about the different levels of politeness in Javanese language and culture, and how to use them appropriately in various social situations.
== Introduction ==


== Politeness Levels ==
Welcome to the lesson on Javanese customs and etiquette! In this lesson, we will explore the different politeness levels in the Javanese language and culture, and learn how to use them appropriately in various social situations. Understanding and using the appropriate level of politeness is essential for effective communication and building relationships in Javanese society. So, let's dive into the fascinating world of Javanese politeness levels!


In Javanese language, there are different levels of politeness that are used to show respect and deference to others. These levels are known as "Ngoko", "Madya", and "Krama". The choice of which level to use depends on the social status and relationship between the speaker and the listener.
== Understanding Politeness Levels ==
 
In Javanese culture, politeness is highly valued and plays a significant role in interpersonal interactions. The Javanese language has a unique system of politeness levels, known as "krama," which determines the level of formality and respect shown in speech. The use of appropriate politeness levels is influenced by factors such as age, social status, and the relationship between the speaker and the listener.
 
There are three main politeness levels in Javanese:


=== Ngoko ===
=== Ngoko ===


Ngoko is the most basic and informal level of politeness in Javanese language. It is used when speaking to family members, close friends, or people who are considered to be of equal or lower social status. Using Ngoko with someone of higher social status can be seen as disrespectful.
Ngoko is the lowest level of politeness and is used in informal situations among friends, family members, or people of equal status. It is characterized by casual speech patterns and a relaxed tone. Ngoko is often used to express familiarity and create a friendly atmosphere.
 
Examples:


For example:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Ngoko: Nggih  || /ˈŋɡɪh/ || Yes (informal)
| "Aku arep mangan." || "Ah-koo ah-rep mung-ahn." || "I am going to eat."
|-
|-
| Ngoko: Suwun  || /suˈwun/ || Thank you (informal)
| "Kowe suka opo?" || "Koh-weh soo-kah oh-poh?" || "What do you like?"
|-
| Ngoko: Sampeyan  || /sampɛ'jan/ || You (informal)
|}
|}


=== Madya ===
=== Madya ===


Madya is an intermediate level of politeness in Javanese language. It is used when speaking to people who are older or of higher social status, such as teachers, bosses, or strangers. Madya is also used when addressing a group of people of mixed social status.
Madya is the middle level of politeness and is commonly used in formal and semi-formal situations. It is considered a neutral level of politeness and is appropriate for addressing strangers, acquaintances, or individuals of higher social status. Madya strikes a balance between the informality of Ngoko and the formality of Krama.
 
Examples:


For example:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Madya: Ingsun  || /iŋ'sun/  || I (intermediate)
| "Saya ingin makan." || "Sah-yah een-geen mah-kahn." || "I want to eat."
|-
| Madya: Matur nuwun  || /ma'tur nuwun/ || Thank you (intermediate)
|-
|-
| Madya: Kulo  || /'kulo/  || You (intermediate)
| "Anda suka apa?" || "Ahn-dah soo-kah ah-pah?" || "What do you like?"
|}
|}


=== Krama ===
=== Krama ===


Krama is the most formal level of politeness in Javanese language. It is used when speaking to people of high social status, such as government officials, religious leaders, or royalty. Krama is also used in formal settings, such as ceremonies, speeches, or business meetings.
Krama is the highest level of politeness and is used in formal and highly respectful situations. It is characterized by a formal tone, honorifics, and expressions of deference. Krama is used when addressing superiors, elders, or individuals of higher social status, and is a way of showing respect and humility.
 
Examples:


For example:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Krama: Kula  || /'kula/ || I (formal)
| "Kulo badhe mangan." || "Koo-loh bah-dheh mung-ahn." || "I will eat."
|-
|-
| Krama: Suwargo  || /su'warɡɔ/ || Thank you (formal)
| "Bapak suka apa?" || "Bah-pahk soo-kah ah-pah?" || "What does Sir like?"
|-
| Krama: Kersaning Gusti  || /'kɛrsanɪŋ 'gusti/ || You (formal)
|}
|}


=== Mixing Politeness Levels ===
== Cultural Insights ==


It is possible to mix different levels of politeness together in Javanese language. This is known as "Campur" or "Ngecampur". Mixing politeness levels depends on the social situation and the relationship between the speaker and the listener.
Javanese culture places a strong emphasis on respect, harmony, and hierarchy. The use of politeness levels in the Javanese language reflects these values and serves as a way to maintain social order and show deference to others. It is important to note that the appropriate politeness level may vary depending on the region in Java, as well as individual preferences.


For example, a person might use Ngoko with their younger sibling, Madya with their teacher, and Krama with a government official.
In Javanese society, it is customary to greet others with a warm smile and a slight bow of the head. Handshakes are also common, but it is best to wait for the other person to initiate physical contact. When addressing someone of higher social status or older age, it is polite to use their appropriate title, such as "Bapak" (Sir) or "Ibu" (Madam). Respect for elders is highly valued, and it is customary to use the Krama level when speaking to them.


=== Social Context ===
Javanese culture also places great importance on gift-giving. When presenting a gift, it is customary to use both hands and offer it with a slight bow. Gifts should be given and received graciously, with no expectation of immediate opening or acknowledgement. It is also common to decline a gift at first offer as a sign of modesty, and the giver may need to insist a few times before the gift is accepted.


In Javanese culture, the use of politeness levels is not solely based on grammar and vocabulary. It is also influenced by social context, such as the age, gender, occupation, and social status of the people involved.
== Practice Exercises ==


For example, Javanese people often use specific honorific titles when addressing older or respected people. The honorific titles depend on the relationship between the speaker and the listener, and the listener's social status.
Now that we have learned about the different politeness levels in Javanese, let's practice using them in various scenarios. Choose the appropriate politeness level (Ngoko, Madya, or Krama) to complete the following sentences:


Examples:
1. (Ngoko) "______ mangan." (I am going to eat.)
2. (Madya) "______ ingin makan." (I want to eat.)
3. (Krama) "______ badhe mangan." (I will eat.)
4. (Ngoko) "______ suka opo?" (What do you like?)
5. (Madya) "______ suka apa?" (What do you like?)
6. (Krama) "______ suka apa?" (What does Sir like?)


{| class="wikitable"
Answers:
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
1. Aku arep mangan.
|-
2. Saya ingin makan.
| Bapak / Urip Pujiastuti  || /ˈbapak/ /'urip pu'dʒias.tuti/ || Mr. / Mrs. (used for elderly or respected people)
3. Kulo badhe mangan.
|-
4. Kowe suka opo?
| Mas / Mbak Slamet  || /maʃ/ /mbak s'lamɛt/ || Brother / Sister (used for younger people or friends)
5. Anda suka apa?
|-
6. Bapak suka apa?
| Ki Ageng Suromo  || /ki a'ɡəŋ su'rɔmɔ/ || Grandfather (used for elderly people)
|}


It is important to pay attention to social context and use the appropriate level of politeness. Using the wrong level can be seen as disrespectful or rude.
== Summary ==


== Conclusion ==
In this lesson, we explored the different politeness levels in the Javanese language and culture. We learned about Ngoko, the lowest politeness level used in informal situations, Madya, the middle level used in formal and semi-formal situations, and Krama, the highest level used in formal and highly respectful situations. We also gained insights into Javanese customs and etiquette, such as greetings, gift-giving, and respect for elders. By understanding and using the appropriate politeness levels, we can effectively communicate and build meaningful relationships in Javanese society.


Learning about the different levels of politeness in Javanese language and culture is important for effective communication and building relationships. By understanding the appropriate use of Ngoko, Madya, and Krama, you can show respect and deference to others in various social situations. Remember to pay attention to social context and use the appropriate honorific titles when necessary.
Congratulations on completing the lesson on politeness levels in Javanese! You are now one step closer to becoming fluent in the Javanese language. Keep practicing and building your language skills, and soon you will be able to navigate the rich cultural landscape of Java with confidence!


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|title=Javanese Culture → Javanese Customs and Etiquette → Politeness Levels
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==Related Lessons==
==Sources==
* [https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53445/INDO_6_0_1107138592_54_81.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y JAVANESE SPEECH LEVELS Soepomo Poedjosoedarmo In this ...]
* [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3350711 Javanese Speech Levels]
 
 
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Javanese/Culture/Social-Etiquette|Social Etiquette]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Culture/Social-Etiquette|Social Etiquette]]


{{Javanese-Page-Bottom}}
{{Javanese-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Common-Conjunctions|◀️ Common Conjunctions — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Javanese/Culture/Social-Etiquette|Next Lesson — Social Etiquette ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 00:51, 22 June 2023

◀️ Common Conjunctions — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Social Etiquette ▶️

Javanese-language-polyglotclub.jpg
Javanese → Culture → 0 to A1 Course → Javanese Customs and Etiquette → Politeness Levels

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on Javanese customs and etiquette! In this lesson, we will explore the different politeness levels in the Javanese language and culture, and learn how to use them appropriately in various social situations. Understanding and using the appropriate level of politeness is essential for effective communication and building relationships in Javanese society. So, let's dive into the fascinating world of Javanese politeness levels!

Understanding Politeness Levels[edit | edit source]

In Javanese culture, politeness is highly valued and plays a significant role in interpersonal interactions. The Javanese language has a unique system of politeness levels, known as "krama," which determines the level of formality and respect shown in speech. The use of appropriate politeness levels is influenced by factors such as age, social status, and the relationship between the speaker and the listener.

There are three main politeness levels in Javanese:

Ngoko[edit | edit source]

Ngoko is the lowest level of politeness and is used in informal situations among friends, family members, or people of equal status. It is characterized by casual speech patterns and a relaxed tone. Ngoko is often used to express familiarity and create a friendly atmosphere.

For example:

Javanese Pronunciation English
"Aku arep mangan." "Ah-koo ah-rep mung-ahn." "I am going to eat."
"Kowe suka opo?" "Koh-weh soo-kah oh-poh?" "What do you like?"

Madya[edit | edit source]

Madya is the middle level of politeness and is commonly used in formal and semi-formal situations. It is considered a neutral level of politeness and is appropriate for addressing strangers, acquaintances, or individuals of higher social status. Madya strikes a balance between the informality of Ngoko and the formality of Krama.

For example:

Javanese Pronunciation English
"Saya ingin makan." "Sah-yah een-geen mah-kahn." "I want to eat."
"Anda suka apa?" "Ahn-dah soo-kah ah-pah?" "What do you like?"

Krama[edit | edit source]

Krama is the highest level of politeness and is used in formal and highly respectful situations. It is characterized by a formal tone, honorifics, and expressions of deference. Krama is used when addressing superiors, elders, or individuals of higher social status, and is a way of showing respect and humility.

For example:

Javanese Pronunciation English
"Kulo badhe mangan." "Koo-loh bah-dheh mung-ahn." "I will eat."
"Bapak suka apa?" "Bah-pahk soo-kah ah-pah?" "What does Sir like?"

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

Javanese culture places a strong emphasis on respect, harmony, and hierarchy. The use of politeness levels in the Javanese language reflects these values and serves as a way to maintain social order and show deference to others. It is important to note that the appropriate politeness level may vary depending on the region in Java, as well as individual preferences.

In Javanese society, it is customary to greet others with a warm smile and a slight bow of the head. Handshakes are also common, but it is best to wait for the other person to initiate physical contact. When addressing someone of higher social status or older age, it is polite to use their appropriate title, such as "Bapak" (Sir) or "Ibu" (Madam). Respect for elders is highly valued, and it is customary to use the Krama level when speaking to them.

Javanese culture also places great importance on gift-giving. When presenting a gift, it is customary to use both hands and offer it with a slight bow. Gifts should be given and received graciously, with no expectation of immediate opening or acknowledgement. It is also common to decline a gift at first offer as a sign of modesty, and the giver may need to insist a few times before the gift is accepted.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we have learned about the different politeness levels in Javanese, let's practice using them in various scenarios. Choose the appropriate politeness level (Ngoko, Madya, or Krama) to complete the following sentences:

1. (Ngoko) "______ mangan." (I am going to eat.) 2. (Madya) "______ ingin makan." (I want to eat.) 3. (Krama) "______ badhe mangan." (I will eat.) 4. (Ngoko) "______ suka opo?" (What do you like?) 5. (Madya) "______ suka apa?" (What do you like?) 6. (Krama) "______ suka apa?" (What does Sir like?)

Answers: 1. Aku arep mangan. 2. Saya ingin makan. 3. Kulo badhe mangan. 4. Kowe suka opo? 5. Anda suka apa? 6. Bapak suka apa?

Summary[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we explored the different politeness levels in the Javanese language and culture. We learned about Ngoko, the lowest politeness level used in informal situations, Madya, the middle level used in formal and semi-formal situations, and Krama, the highest level used in formal and highly respectful situations. We also gained insights into Javanese customs and etiquette, such as greetings, gift-giving, and respect for elders. By understanding and using the appropriate politeness levels, we can effectively communicate and build meaningful relationships in Javanese society.

Congratulations on completing the lesson on politeness levels in Javanese! You are now one step closer to becoming fluent in the Javanese language. Keep practicing and building your language skills, and soon you will be able to navigate the rich cultural landscape of Java with confidence!

Table of Contents - Javanese Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Sentence Structure


Numbers and Time


Nouns and Pronouns


Family and Relationships


Verbs and Tenses


Food and Drinks


Adjectives and Adverbs


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Javanese Customs and Etiquette


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Common Conjunctions — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Social Etiquette ▶️

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