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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Sinhala|Sinhala]]  → [[Language/Sinhala/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Sinhala/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Unit 5: Advanced Grammar → Conditional and Subjunctive</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">Sinhala Grammar → Unit 5: Advanced Grammar → Conditional and Subjunctive</div>
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Welcome to Unit 5 of the Complete 0 to A1 Sinhala Course! In this lesson, we will focus on the conditional and subjunctive verb forms to express hypothetical situations, wishes, and suggestions.  
== Introduction ==
 
Welcome to Unit 5 of the "Complete 0 to A1 Sinhala Course"! In this unit, we will dive into the advanced grammar concepts of conditional and subjunctive forms in the Sinhala language. These forms are used to express hypotheses, wishes, and suggestions. Mastering these forms will allow you to communicate more effectively and express your thoughts and desires with precision.
 
Throughout this lesson, we will explore the various aspects of conditional and subjunctive forms, providing clear explanations, numerous examples, and engaging practice exercises. By the end of this unit, you will have a solid understanding of how to use these forms in your Sinhala conversations.
 
Let's get started!
 
== Conditional Forms ==
 
Conditional forms are used to express hypothetical situations or conditions. They allow us to talk about what could happen or what would happen if certain conditions are met. In Sinhala, conditional forms are created by combining the conditional marker "නේ" (ne) with the verb.
 
=== Present Conditional ===
 
To form the present conditional, we add the conditional marker "නේ" (ne) after the verb stem.
 
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| ඔයා || oya || you
|-
| උසස්පෙන් || usaspen || study
|-
| කරන්නේ || karanne || do
|-
| මෙහෙම || mehem || here
|-
| සිටින || sitina || sit
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
|-
| ඔයා || oya || you
|-
| විස්තුරු || visthuru || know
|-
| බලන්නේ || balanne || want
|-
| ඔයා || oya || you
|-
| ගෙනෙමින් || genemen || go
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
|-
| ඔයා || oya || you
|-
| ගෙනෙමින් || genemen || go
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
|-
| ඒ || e || that
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
|-
| ඔයා || oya || you
|-
| ගෙනෙමින් || genemen || go
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
|-
|}
 
In the example above, we see how the present conditional is formed by adding "නේ" (ne) after the verb stem. This allows us to express hypothetical situations or conditions in the present tense.
 
=== Past Conditional ===
 
To form the past conditional, we add the conditional marker "හතර" (hathara) after the verb stem.
 
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| නැත්තෙන් || neththen || not
|-
| පහසුවෙන් || pahasuwen || laugh
|-
| කරන්නේ || karanne || do
|-
| දියුණුවෙන් || diyunuwenn || learn
|-
| ඇය || aya || she
|-
| සිටින්නේ || sitina || sit
|-
| ඔහුට || ohut || to him
|-
| ලිවී || livi || give
|-
| ඔහුට || ohut || to him
|-
| ලිවී || livi || give
|-
| ඔහුට || ohut || to him
|-
| ලිවී || livi || give
|-
| ඔහුට || ohut || to him
|-
| ලිවී || livi || give
|-
|}
 
In the example above, we see how the past conditional is formed by adding "හතර" (hathara) after the verb stem. This allows us to express hypothetical situations or conditions in the past tense.
 
=== Future Conditional ===
 
To form the future conditional, we add the conditional marker "නුවන්" (nuwan) after the verb stem.
 
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| ඔයා || oya || you
|-
| කරන්නේ || karanne || do
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
|-
| ඔයා || oya || you
|-
| ගෙනෙමින් || genemen || go
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
|-
| ඔයා || oya || you
|-
| ගෙනෙමින් || genemen || go
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
|-
| ඒ || e || that
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
|-
| ඔයා || oya || you
|-
| ගෙනෙමින් || genemen || go
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
|-
|}
 
In the example above, we see how the future conditional is formed by adding "නුවන්" (nuwan) after the verb stem. This allows us to express hypothetical situations or conditions in the future tense.


== Subjunctive Forms ==


<span link>Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Sinhala/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]] & [[Language/Sinhala/Grammar/Sinhala-Alphabet|Sinhala Alphabet]].</span>
Subjunctive forms are used to express wishes, suggestions, doubts, and hypothetical situations. They allow us to talk about what we want to happen or what we think might happen. In Sinhala, subjunctive forms are created by combining the subjunctive marker "ට" (ta) with the verb.
== Conditional Form ==
The conditional form is used to talk about hypothetical situations or actions that depend on certain conditions. In Sinhala, we form this tense by using the particle "balanna" (බලන්න). The structure of the conditional form in Sinhala is as follows:


Subject + Verb stem + Balanna + Object
=== Present Subjunctive ===


Let's see some examples:
To form the present subjunctive, we add the subjunctive marker "ට" (ta) after the verb stem.


Example:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| ඇය || aya || she
|-
| සම්බන්ධව || sambandhawa || meet
|-
| බලාගන්න || balaganna || want
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| ඉන්නවා || innawa || come
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| ඉන්නවා || innawa || come
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| ඉන්නවා || innawa || come
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
|-
| මට ගෙදර යන්න විනාශය ඉදිරිය කරන්නේ කව්ද? || Mathe gedara yanawa vinashaya idiriya karannetha kavada? || What would I do if I have to stay home?
| ඉන්නවා || innawa || come
|-
|-
| ඔවුන් පැමිණියේදී යනවා බලන්නේ කව්ද? || Owun pinimide yanawa balanna kavada? || What would they say if they knew?
| මම || mama || I
|-
| ඉන්නවා || innawa || come
|-
|-
| ඔබට මගේ උපමාගේ නම ඉහල තියෙනවා නැති, අපේ නම ඉහළ තියෙනවා නැති හෝ? || Obaata mage upamagay nama ihala tienava nethi, apay nama ihala tienava nethi ho? || If my uncle's name is not at the top, is our name not on the top either?
|}
|}


Note that we use the conditional tense in Sinhala in the same way as in English. It is a useful tense to learn, as it helps you talk about different scenarios and outcomes that could happen in the future.
In the example above, we see how the present subjunctive is formed by adding "ට" (ta) after the verb stem. This allows us to express wishes, suggestions, and hypothetical situations in the present tense.
 
=== Past Subjunctive ===
 
To form the past subjunctive, we add the subjunctive marker "වේ" (we) after the verb stem.
 
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| මාගේ || mage || my
|-
| මාව || mawa || me
|-
| ඇය || aya || she
|-
| හුවමාරු වේ || huvamaru we || find
|-
| මාගේ || mage || my
|-
| තමාව || thamawa || you
|-
| මාගේ || mage || my
|-
| තමාව || thamawa || you
|-
| මාගේ || mage || my
|-
| තමාව || thamawa || you
|-
| මාගේ || mage || my
|-
| තමාව || thamawa || you
|-
| මාගේ || mage || my
|-
| තමාව || thamawa || you
|-
|}


== Subjunctive Form ==
In the example above, we see how the past subjunctive is formed by adding "වේ" (we) after the verb stem. This allows us to express wishes, suggestions, and hypothetical situations in the past tense.
The subjunctive form is used to express wishes, suggestions, doubts, or possibilities. In Sinhala, we can form this verb tense by dropping the final "යි" (-yi) sound of the present tense and adding the particle "ට" (-ta) at the end of the verb. The structure of the subjunctive tense in Sinhala is as follows:


Subject + Verb stem + Object + "ට"
=== Future Subjunctive ===


Let's see some examples:
To form the future subjunctive, we add the subjunctive marker "නුවන්" (nuwan) after the verb stem.


Example:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| මම ඔබට සිරුරේ සිතුවම් ගෙන්වා ට දෙනවා. || Mama obata sirure sithuwam genwaa ta denavaa. || I suggest that you reveal your feelings.
| මම || mama || I
|-
|-
| මම කරන්ට්ටය බුදුරටු කරන්න ට පැවසෙන්නේ කොහොමද? || Mama karantaya budurathu karannata pewasennaa ta kohomada? || How can I pray that I will do the right thing?
| පිටවෙන්නේ || pitewenne || read
|-
| සිංහලට || sinhala ta || Sinhala
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| සිංහලට || sinhala ta || Sinhala
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| සිංහලට || sinhala ta || Sinhala
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| සිංහලට || sinhala ta || Sinhala
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| සිංහලට || sinhala ta || Sinhala
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| සිංහලට || sinhala ta || Sinhala
|-
|-
| ඔහුට මෙම පිටුව පෙන්නේ අපිට බැලීමට අවශ්‍යයි. || Ohuttu mema pituwa pennnetha apitu balimata awashyayi. || It is necessary for us to show him this page.
|}
|}


The subjunctive tense is a very useful tense to learn, as it helps you express your opinion, doubt or likelihood about something that might happen, or express your suggestion or wish.
In the example above, we see how the future subjunctive is formed by adding "නුවන්" (nuwan) after the verb stem. This allows us to express wishes, suggestions, and hypothetical situations in the future tense.
 
== Cultural Insight ==
 
In Sinhala culture, conditional and subjunctive forms are commonly used to express politeness and respect. For example, when making requests or giving suggestions, it is common to use the subjunctive forms to show deference to the listener. This linguistic feature reflects the cultural value placed on humility and politeness in Sinhala society.


== Summary ==
Historically, Sinhala has been influenced by various languages and cultures. The use of conditional and subjunctive forms in Sinhala can be traced back to the influence of Sanskrit, which has a rich tradition of using these forms to express hypothetical and uncertain situations. As Sinhala developed as an independent language, it incorporated these forms into its grammar, resulting in the unique conditional and subjunctive structures we see today.
In this lesson, we have introduced the conditional and subjunctive forms in Sinhala. The conditional verb form is used to talk about conditional outcomes that might happen, and the subjunctive form is used to express doubt, possibility, or suggestion. To master these two verb tenses, it is important to practice them in a variety of sentences and contexts.


We hope you have enjoyed this lesson and found it informative. Keep practicing, and we will see you in the next lesson!
== Practice Exercises ==
 
Now it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Below are some exercises to help you solidify your understanding of conditional and subjunctive forms in Sinhala. Try to complete each exercise to the best of your ability, and then check the solutions provided.
 
Exercise 1: Translate the following sentences into Sinhala using the appropriate conditional form.
1. If I study, I will learn.
2. If you want, I will come.
3. If she finds it, she will give it to him.
4. If you go tomorrow, I will go too.
 
Solution:
1. මම උසස්පෙන් අත්වීය.
2. ඔයා බලන්නේ, මම ඉන්නවා.
3. ඇය හුවමාරු වෙන්නේ, ඔහුට ලිවී.
4. ඔයා ගෙනෙමින් නුවන්, මම තවත් ගෙනෙනවා.
 
Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences into Sinhala using the appropriate subjunctive form.
1. I want to meet you.
2. She suggests that I read Sinhala.
3. If I were you, I would go.
4. I hope you come.
 
Solution:
1. මම ඔයාට මුණගැහෙන්නේ.
2. ඇය මම සිංහලට කියනවා.
3. මම ඔයා බොහෝ විට වෙයි හැටි, මම ගෙනෙනවා.
4. මම ඔයා ඉන්නවා දැයි පැනීමට.
 
== Conclusion ==
 
Congratulations on completing Unit 5 of the "Complete 0 to A1 Sinhala Course"! In this lesson, we explored the conditional and subjunctive forms in Sinhala, which allow us to express hypotheses, wishes, and suggestions. We covered the present, past, and future forms for both conditional and subjunctive, providing examples and practice exercises along the way.
 
By mastering conditional and subjunctive forms, you have taken a big step towards becoming proficient in the Sinhala language. These forms will greatly enhance your ability to communicate and express yourself effectively in various contexts. Keep practicing and reviewing the material to solidify your understanding, and stay tuned for the next unit, where we will delve into the concept of passive voice in Sinhala.
 
Happy learning!


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|title=Sinhala Grammar → Unit 5: Advanced Grammar → Conditional and Subjunctive
|keywords=Sinhala Grammar, Sinhala language, Advanced Grammar, Conditional Form, Subjunctive Form
|keywords=Sinahala grammar, advanced grammar, conditional, subjunctive, Sinhala language, Sinhala course
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use the conditional and subjunctive verb forms to express hypothetical situations, wishes, and suggestions in Sinhala.
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==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Sinhala/Grammar/Passive-Voice|Passive Voice]]
* [[Language/Sinhala/Grammar/Passive-Voice|Passive Voice]]
* [[Language/Sinhala/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Sinhala/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]


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Latest revision as of 08:40, 20 June 2023

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Sinhala → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Unit 5: Advanced Grammar → Conditional and Subjunctive

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to Unit 5 of the "Complete 0 to A1 Sinhala Course"! In this unit, we will dive into the advanced grammar concepts of conditional and subjunctive forms in the Sinhala language. These forms are used to express hypotheses, wishes, and suggestions. Mastering these forms will allow you to communicate more effectively and express your thoughts and desires with precision.

Throughout this lesson, we will explore the various aspects of conditional and subjunctive forms, providing clear explanations, numerous examples, and engaging practice exercises. By the end of this unit, you will have a solid understanding of how to use these forms in your Sinhala conversations.

Let's get started!

Conditional Forms[edit | edit source]

Conditional forms are used to express hypothetical situations or conditions. They allow us to talk about what could happen or what would happen if certain conditions are met. In Sinhala, conditional forms are created by combining the conditional marker "නේ" (ne) with the verb.

Present Conditional[edit | edit source]

To form the present conditional, we add the conditional marker "නේ" (ne) after the verb stem.

Example:

Sinhala Pronunciation English Translation
ඔයා oya you
උසස්පෙන් usaspen study
කරන්නේ karanne do
මෙහෙම mehem here
සිටින sitina sit
නුවන් nuwan tomorrow
ඔයා oya you
විස්තුරු visthuru know
බලන්නේ balanne want
ඔයා oya you
ගෙනෙමින් genemen go
නුවන් nuwan tomorrow
ඔයා oya you
ගෙනෙමින් genemen go
නුවන් nuwan tomorrow
ඒ e that
නුවන් nuwan tomorrow
ඔයා oya you
ගෙනෙමින් genemen go
නුවන් nuwan tomorrow

In the example above, we see how the present conditional is formed by adding "නේ" (ne) after the verb stem. This allows us to express hypothetical situations or conditions in the present tense.

Past Conditional[edit | edit source]

To form the past conditional, we add the conditional marker "හතර" (hathara) after the verb stem.

Example:

Sinhala Pronunciation English Translation
නැත්තෙන් neththen not
පහසුවෙන් pahasuwen laugh
කරන්නේ karanne do
දියුණුවෙන් diyunuwenn learn
ඇය aya she
සිටින්නේ sitina sit
ඔහුට ohut to him
ලිවී livi give
ඔහුට ohut to him
ලිවී livi give
ඔහුට ohut to him
ලිවී livi give
ඔහුට ohut to him
ලිවී livi give

In the example above, we see how the past conditional is formed by adding "හතර" (hathara) after the verb stem. This allows us to express hypothetical situations or conditions in the past tense.

Future Conditional[edit | edit source]

To form the future conditional, we add the conditional marker "නුවන්" (nuwan) after the verb stem.

Example:

Sinhala Pronunciation English Translation
ඔයා oya you
කරන්නේ karanne do
නුවන් nuwan tomorrow
ඔයා oya you
ගෙනෙමින් genemen go
නුවන් nuwan tomorrow
ඔයා oya you
ගෙනෙමින් genemen go
නුවන් nuwan tomorrow
ඒ e that
නුවන් nuwan tomorrow
ඔයා oya you
ගෙනෙමින් genemen go
නුවන් nuwan tomorrow

In the example above, we see how the future conditional is formed by adding "නුවන්" (nuwan) after the verb stem. This allows us to express hypothetical situations or conditions in the future tense.

Subjunctive Forms[edit | edit source]

Subjunctive forms are used to express wishes, suggestions, doubts, and hypothetical situations. They allow us to talk about what we want to happen or what we think might happen. In Sinhala, subjunctive forms are created by combining the subjunctive marker "ට" (ta) with the verb.

Present Subjunctive[edit | edit source]

To form the present subjunctive, we add the subjunctive marker "ට" (ta) after the verb stem.

Example:

Sinhala Pronunciation English Translation
මම mama I
ඇය aya she
සම්බන්ධව sambandhawa meet
බලාගන්න balaganna want
මම mama I
ඉන්නවා innawa come
මම mama I
ඉන්නවා innawa come
මම mama I
ඉන්නවා innawa come
මම mama I
ඉන්නවා innawa come
මම mama I
ඉන්නවා innawa come

In the example above, we see how the present subjunctive is formed by adding "ට" (ta) after the verb stem. This allows us to express wishes, suggestions, and hypothetical situations in the present tense.

Past Subjunctive[edit | edit source]

To form the past subjunctive, we add the subjunctive marker "වේ" (we) after the verb stem.

Example:

Sinhala Pronunciation English Translation
මාගේ mage my
මාව mawa me
ඇය aya she
හුවමාරු වේ huvamaru we find
මාගේ mage my
තමාව thamawa you
මාගේ mage my
තමාව thamawa you
මාගේ mage my
තමාව thamawa you
මාගේ mage my
තමාව thamawa you
මාගේ mage my
තමාව thamawa you

In the example above, we see how the past subjunctive is formed by adding "වේ" (we) after the verb stem. This allows us to express wishes, suggestions, and hypothetical situations in the past tense.

Future Subjunctive[edit | edit source]

To form the future subjunctive, we add the subjunctive marker "නුවන්" (nuwan) after the verb stem.

Example:

Sinhala Pronunciation English Translation
මම mama I
පිටවෙන්නේ pitewenne read
සිංහලට sinhala ta Sinhala
මම mama I
සිංහලට sinhala ta Sinhala
මම mama I
සිංහලට sinhala ta Sinhala
මම mama I
සිංහලට sinhala ta Sinhala
මම mama I
සිංහලට sinhala ta Sinhala
මම mama I
සිංහලට sinhala ta Sinhala

In the example above, we see how the future subjunctive is formed by adding "නුවන්" (nuwan) after the verb stem. This allows us to express wishes, suggestions, and hypothetical situations in the future tense.

Cultural Insight[edit | edit source]

In Sinhala culture, conditional and subjunctive forms are commonly used to express politeness and respect. For example, when making requests or giving suggestions, it is common to use the subjunctive forms to show deference to the listener. This linguistic feature reflects the cultural value placed on humility and politeness in Sinhala society.

Historically, Sinhala has been influenced by various languages and cultures. The use of conditional and subjunctive forms in Sinhala can be traced back to the influence of Sanskrit, which has a rich tradition of using these forms to express hypothetical and uncertain situations. As Sinhala developed as an independent language, it incorporated these forms into its grammar, resulting in the unique conditional and subjunctive structures we see today.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Below are some exercises to help you solidify your understanding of conditional and subjunctive forms in Sinhala. Try to complete each exercise to the best of your ability, and then check the solutions provided.

Exercise 1: Translate the following sentences into Sinhala using the appropriate conditional form. 1. If I study, I will learn. 2. If you want, I will come. 3. If she finds it, she will give it to him. 4. If you go tomorrow, I will go too.

Solution: 1. මම උසස්පෙන් අත්වීය. 2. ඔයා බලන්නේ, මම ඉන්නවා. 3. ඇය හුවමාරු වෙන්නේ, ඔහුට ලිවී. 4. ඔයා ගෙනෙමින් නුවන්, මම තවත් ගෙනෙනවා.

Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences into Sinhala using the appropriate subjunctive form. 1. I want to meet you. 2. She suggests that I read Sinhala. 3. If I were you, I would go. 4. I hope you come.

Solution: 1. මම ඔයාට මුණගැහෙන්නේ. 2. ඇය මම සිංහලට කියනවා. 3. මම ඔයා බොහෝ විට වෙයි හැටි, මම ගෙනෙනවා. 4. මම ඔයා ඉන්නවා දැයි පැනීමට.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations on completing Unit 5 of the "Complete 0 to A1 Sinhala Course"! In this lesson, we explored the conditional and subjunctive forms in Sinhala, which allow us to express hypotheses, wishes, and suggestions. We covered the present, past, and future forms for both conditional and subjunctive, providing examples and practice exercises along the way.

By mastering conditional and subjunctive forms, you have taken a big step towards becoming proficient in the Sinhala language. These forms will greatly enhance your ability to communicate and express yourself effectively in various contexts. Keep practicing and reviewing the material to solidify your understanding, and stay tuned for the next unit, where we will delve into the concept of passive voice in Sinhala.

Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Sinhala Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Unit 1: Introduction


Unit 2: Basic Grammar


Unit 3: Sinhala Culture


Unit 4: Daily Life


Unit 5: Advanced Grammar


Unit 6: Sinhala Society


Unit 7: Holidays and Travel


Unit 8: Conversational Sinhala


Unit 9: Sinhala History


Unit 10: Proficiency Test Preparation



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Adjectives and Adverbs — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Passive Voice ▶️

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