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<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Sinhala/Vocabulary/Numbers-and-Counting|◀️ Numbers and Counting — Previous Lesson]]
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{{Sinhala-Page-Top}}
{{Sinhala-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Sinhala|Sinhala]]  → [[Language/Sinhala/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Sinhala/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Unit 2: Basic Grammar → Sinhala Alphabet</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">Sinhala Grammar → Unit 2: Basic Grammar → Sinhala Alphabet</div>
== Introduction ==
 
Welcome to Unit 2 of the "Complete 0 to A1 Sinhala Course"! In this unit, we will dive into the basics of Sinhala grammar. Our focus for this lesson is the Sinhala alphabet. Learning the Sinhala alphabet is an essential step in your journey to mastering the Sinhala language. Once you understand the alphabet, you will be able to read and write basic words in Sinhala with ease.
 
In this lesson, we will cover the Sinhala alphabet, including the pronunciation of each letter, and how to write basic words using the alphabet. We will also explore the cultural significance of the Sinhala alphabet and its historical context. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in the Sinhala alphabet and be ready to move on to more complex grammar concepts.
 
To make your learning experience more engaging, I will provide you with various examples, cultural insights, and interesting facts throughout the lesson. I encourage you to actively participate by practicing the exercises and scenarios I will provide. So, let's get started on our journey to mastering the Sinhala alphabet!


__TOC__
__TOC__


As a Sinhala language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I am delighted to introduce you to the Sinhala Alphabet. The Sinhala Alphabet is written from left to right and uses a script that is derived from the ancient Brahmi script. Sinhala is a syllabic alphabet, which means that each character represents a syllable rather than a single letter. Learning the Sinhala Alphabet is the foundation of learning this beautiful and complex language.


== Introduction ==
== The Sinhala Alphabet ==
 
The Sinhala alphabet, also known as Sinhala script or Sinhala akṣara mālāva, is an abugida writing system used to write the Sinhala language. It consists of 56 letters, including vowels, consonants, and diacritic marks. Each letter in the Sinhala alphabet represents a unique sound, making it a phonetic writing system. Learning the Sinhala alphabet is crucial for reading and writing in Sinhala accurately.
 
=== Vowels ===


In this lesson, we will introduce the Sinhala Alphabet and teach you how to read and write basic words. You will learn twenty basic consonants, ten vowels, and ten vowel modifiers. By the end of the lesson, you will have a basic understanding of how the Sinhala Alphabet works, and you will be able to read and write simple Sinhala words.
Let's start with the vowels in the Sinhala alphabet. There are thirteen vowels in Sinhala, categorized into three groups: independent vowels, dependent vowels, and vowel diacritics.


== Consonants ==
==== Independent Vowels ====


There are twenty basic consonant letters in the Sinhala Alphabet. To help you recognize the letters, we have provided examples of Sinhala words that start with each letter. We have also included the IPA pronunciation of each letter, so you can learn how to say the letters correctly.
The independent vowels are standalone letters that represent vowel sounds without the influence of a consonant. Here are the thirteen independent vowels in the Sinhala alphabet:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| || || Kaju (Cashew)
| || a || a
|-
|-
| || ɡə || Gaawa (River)
| || ā || aa
|-
|-
| || tʃə || Chaaya (Tea)
| || æ || ae
|-
|-
| || dʒə || Jīvana (Life)
| || e || e
|-
|-
| || t̪ə || Thana (Police Station)
| || i || i
|-
|-
| || d̪ə || Dota (Frog)
| || ī || ee
|-
|-
| || n̪̊ə || Nun (Coconut)
| || u || u
|-
|-
| || t̪ə || Thēla (Cart)
| || ū || oo
|-
|-
| || d̪ə || Dayē (Elder Brother)
| || e || e
|-
|-
| || n̪ə || Nēra (Water)
| || ē || ai
|-
|-
| || || Paasa (Money)
| || o || o
|-
|-
| || || Bana (Word)
| || ō || ou
|-
|-
| || || Mage (My)
| අං || aṃ || am
|}
 
==== Dependent Vowels ====
 
The dependent vowels in the Sinhala alphabet are used in conjunction with consonants to form syllables. They are written as diacritic marks that appear above, below, or beside the consonant they accompany. Here are the dependent vowels in the Sinhala alphabet:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| || || Yāka (Demon)
| || i || i
|-
|-
| || || Rata (Country)
| || ī || ee
|-
|-
| || || Waturawa (Work)
| || u || u
|-
|-
| || || Seeyō (Chillie)
| || ū || oo
|}
 
==== Vowel Diacritics ====
 
In addition to the independent and dependent vowels, the Sinhala alphabet also includes vowel diacritics. These diacritic marks are used to modify the vowel sound of a consonant. Here are the vowel diacritics in the Sinhala alphabet:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| || || Haal (Milk)
| || ā || aa
|-
|-
| || || Lēnā (To Take)
| || ī || ee
|-
|-
| || || Fēna (Aunt)
| || ō || ou
|}
 
=== Consonants ===
 
Now, let's move on to the consonants in the Sinhala alphabet. There are thirty-three consonants in total. Each consonant has an inherent vowel sound, which is usually the "a" sound. However, the inherent vowel can be modified using the vowel diacritics we discussed earlier.
 
Here are the thirty-three consonants in the Sinhala alphabet:


{| class="wikitable"
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| ක || k || k
|-
| ඛ || kh || kh
|-
| ග || g || g
|-
| ඝ || gh || gh
|-
| ඞ || ṅ || ng
|-
| ච || c || ch
|-
| ඡ || chh || chh
|-
| ජ || j || j
|-
| ඣ || jh || jh
|-
| ඤ || ñ || ny
|-
| ට || ṭ || t
|-
| ඨ || ṭh || th
|-
| ඩ || ḍ || d
|-
| ඪ || ḍh || dh
|-
| ණ || ṇ || n
|-
| ත || t || t
|-
| ථ || th || th
|-
| ද || d || d
|-
| ධ || dh || dh
|-
| න || n || n
|-
| ප || p || p
|-
| ඵ || ph || ph
|-
| බ || b || b
|-
| භ || bh || bh
|-
| ම || m || m
|-
| ය || y || y
|-
| ර || r || r
|-
| ව || v || v
|-
| ශ || ś || sh
|-
| ෂ || ṣ || sh
|-
| ස || s || s
|-
| හ || h || h
|-
| ළ || ḷ || l
|-
| ෆ || f || f
|}
|}


== Vowels ==
=== Writing Basic Words ===
 
Now that you are familiar with the Sinhala alphabet, let's learn how to write basic words using the alphabet. In Sinhala, words are written from left to right, just like in English.
 
To write a word in Sinhala, you need to combine the consonants and vowels to form syllables. Each syllable consists of a consonant followed by a vowel or a consonant with a vowel diacritic. Let's look at some examples:
 
'''Example 1: අම්මා''' (amma) - meaning "mother"
 
In this example, we have the consonant "අ" (a) followed by the consonant "ම" (m) and the vowel "ා" (ā). When combined together, they form the word "අම්මා" (amma), which means "mother" in English.
 
'''Example 2: පිටි''' (piti) - meaning "book"
 
In this example, we have the consonant "ප" (p) followed by the vowel "ි" (i) and the consonant "ට" (t). When combined together, they form the word "පිටි" (piti), which means "book" in English.
 
By practicing writing basic words using the Sinhala alphabet, you will gradually become more comfortable with the script and be able to read and write more complex words in Sinhala.
 
== Cultural Significance of the Sinhala Alphabet ==
 
The Sinhala alphabet has a rich cultural significance in Sri Lanka, where Sinhala is the official language. The origins of the Sinhala alphabet can be traced back to the Brahmi script, which was used in ancient India.


Sinhala has ten basic vowels, each of which can be written on its own or combined with a consonant. There are two types of vowels, independent and dependent vowels. The independent vowels can stand on their own, while the dependent vowels must be combined with a consonant.
The Sinhala alphabet has evolved over centuries and has been influenced by various cultural and historical factors. One notable aspect of the Sinhala alphabet is its connection to Buddhism. The spread of Buddhism in Sri Lanka played a significant role in the development and preservation of the Sinhala script.


Here are the ten basic vowels in Sinhala:
The Sinhala alphabet is also closely associated with the Sinhala language's unique phonetic features. Each letter in the Sinhala alphabet represents a distinct sound, which allows for precise pronunciation and accurate representation of the Sinhala language's phonology.


* අ
Understanding the cultural significance of the Sinhala alphabet can deepen your appreciation for the language and its connection to Sri Lankan history and heritage.
* ආ
* ඉ
* ඊ
* උ
* ඌ
* එ
* ඒ
* කෙ
* කු


Using these vowels, you can write a wide range of Sinhala words.
== Exercises ==


== Vowel Modifiers ==
Now, let's practice what we've learned so far. Below are some exercises to help you reinforce your understanding of the Sinhala alphabet and writing basic words. Try to complete the exercises on your own, and then check your answers against the provided solutions.


In addition to the basic vowels, there are ten vowel modifiers in Sinhala. These vowel modifiers are used to modify the sounds of the basic vowels or to add an extra vowel sound to a consonant.
=== Exercise 1 ===


Here are the ten Sinhala vowel modifiers:
Write the following words in Sinhala using the Sinhala alphabet:


* ්‍රෑ / ්‍රෝ
1. Cat - බළලා
* ක්‍ෂි
2. Elephant - සිංහල
* ්‍රෙ
3. Tree - කුඹුරේ
* කි / කී
4. Sun - හිරු
* ගී / ඟී
5. Flower - මල්
* රි / රී
* සි / සී
* ති / තී
* ඩි / ඩී
* මි / මී


== Writing Simple Words ==
'''Solution:'''


Now that you know the basic Sinhala consonants, vowels, and vowel modifiers, you can start writing simple words. Here are some examples of simple Sinhala words:
1. Cat - බළලා
2. Elephant - සිංහල
3. Tree - කුඹුරේ
4. Sun - හිරු
5. Flower - මල්


* කරුණාකර kərunākara (Please)
=== Exercise 2 ===
* ගෙදර gēdara (Home)
 
* ජංගමʼදුර jaŋgamadura (Pharmacy)
Write the Sinhala alphabet letter that corresponds to the given pronunciation:
* නීතින් nitin (Inside)
 
* කමල් kamal (Lotus)
1. Pronunciation: m
* පන්සික pansika (Sandalwood)
  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ම
 
2. Pronunciation: sh
  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ශ
 
3. Pronunciation: o
  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ඔ
 
4. Pronunciation: ee
  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ඊ
 
5. Pronunciation: t
  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ත
 
'''Solution:'''
 
1. Pronunciation: m
  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ම
 
2. Pronunciation: sh
  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ශ
 
3. Pronunciation: o
  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ඔ
 
4. Pronunciation: ee
  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ඊ
 
5. Pronunciation: t
  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ත


== Conclusion ==
== Conclusion ==


Congratulations! You have learned the basics of the Sinhala Alphabet. In this lesson, we have covered the Sinhala consonants, vowels, and vowel modifiers, and shown you how to write simple Sinhala words. Continue practicing the Sinhala Alphabet by writing more words and trying to read Sinhala texts. In the next lesson, we will teach you how to use nouns and pronouns to talk about people, places, animals, and things.
Congratulations on completing Unit 2 of the "Complete 0 to A1 Sinhala Course"! In this lesson, we explored the Sinhala alphabet, including vowels, consonants, and vowel diacritics. We also learned how to write basic words using the Sinhala alphabet. Remember to practice regularly to reinforce your understanding of the Sinhala alphabet.
 
In the next unit, we will delve into nouns and pronouns, which will allow us to talk about people, places, animals, and things in Sinhala. So, get ready for another exciting and informative lesson!


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Sinhala Grammar: Unit 2 - Basic Grammar - Sinhala Alphabet
|title=Sinhala Grammar Unit 2: Basic Grammar Sinhala Alphabet
|keywords=Sinhala, Sinhala Grammar, Sinhalese, Basic Grammar, Sinhala Alphabet, learn Sinhala Alphabet
|keywords=Sinhala alphabet, Sinhala script, Sinhala akṣara mālāva, Sinhala vowels, Sinhala consonants, Sinhala diacritics, writing in Sinhala, cultural significance of Sinhala alphabet
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the basics of the Sinhala Alphabet. We will teach you how to read and write basic words consisting of twenty basic consonants, ten vowels, and ten vowel modifiers.}}
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the Sinhala alphabet and how to read and write basic words. We will explore the cultural significance of the Sinhala alphabet and its historical context. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in the Sinhala alphabet and be ready to move on to more complex grammar concepts.
 
}}


{{Sinhala-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
{{Sinhala-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
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[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Sinhala-0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Sinhala-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>


==Videos==


==Related Lessons==
===Sinhala Hodiya (Alphabet) | සිංහල හෝඩිය| Sinhala Grammar ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nU3EiFp8Mhw</youtube>
 
===Sinhala Grammar in tamil | learning sinhala language in tamil ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFvjrbKrvus</youtube>
 
===Learn Sinhala Alphabet 4 - First 4 vowels අ ආ ඇ ඈ - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAYigDyqbZg</youtube>
 
===Learn Sinhala Alphabet - Lesson 06 - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_IU4C9zZpE</youtube>
 
===All about Sinhala alphabet letters / Hodiya / explained in Tamil / Part ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFav_w8Ixlo</youtube>
 
 
 
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhala_language Sinhala language - Wikipedia]
* [https://sales.lrc.cornell.edu/collections/sinhala Sinhala – LRC Sales]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhala_script Sinhala script - Wikipedia]
 
 
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Sinhala/Grammar/Adjectives-and-Adverbs|Adjectives and Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Sinhala/Grammar/Adjectives-and-Adverbs|Adjectives and Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Sinhala/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Sinhala/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
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<span class='maj'></span>
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhala_language Sinhala language - Wikipedia]
* [https://sales.lrc.cornell.edu/collections/sinhala Sinhala – LRC Sales]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhala_script Sinhala script - Wikipedia]


{{Sinhala-Page-Bottom}}
{{Sinhala-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Sinhala/Vocabulary/Numbers-and-Counting|◀️ Numbers and Counting — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Sinhala/Grammar/Nouns-and-Pronouns|Next Lesson — Nouns and Pronouns ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 07:15, 20 June 2023

◀️ Numbers and Counting — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Nouns and Pronouns ▶️

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SinhalaGrammar0 to A1 Course → Unit 2: Basic Grammar → Sinhala Alphabet

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to Unit 2 of the "Complete 0 to A1 Sinhala Course"! In this unit, we will dive into the basics of Sinhala grammar. Our focus for this lesson is the Sinhala alphabet. Learning the Sinhala alphabet is an essential step in your journey to mastering the Sinhala language. Once you understand the alphabet, you will be able to read and write basic words in Sinhala with ease.

In this lesson, we will cover the Sinhala alphabet, including the pronunciation of each letter, and how to write basic words using the alphabet. We will also explore the cultural significance of the Sinhala alphabet and its historical context. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in the Sinhala alphabet and be ready to move on to more complex grammar concepts.

To make your learning experience more engaging, I will provide you with various examples, cultural insights, and interesting facts throughout the lesson. I encourage you to actively participate by practicing the exercises and scenarios I will provide. So, let's get started on our journey to mastering the Sinhala alphabet!


The Sinhala Alphabet[edit | edit source]

The Sinhala alphabet, also known as Sinhala script or Sinhala akṣara mālāva, is an abugida writing system used to write the Sinhala language. It consists of 56 letters, including vowels, consonants, and diacritic marks. Each letter in the Sinhala alphabet represents a unique sound, making it a phonetic writing system. Learning the Sinhala alphabet is crucial for reading and writing in Sinhala accurately.

Vowels[edit | edit source]

Let's start with the vowels in the Sinhala alphabet. There are thirteen vowels in Sinhala, categorized into three groups: independent vowels, dependent vowels, and vowel diacritics.

Independent Vowels[edit | edit source]

The independent vowels are standalone letters that represent vowel sounds without the influence of a consonant. Here are the thirteen independent vowels in the Sinhala alphabet:

Sinhala Pronunciation English Translation
a a
ā aa
æ ae
e e
i i
ī ee
u u
ū oo
e e
ē ai
o o
ō ou
අං aṃ am

Dependent Vowels[edit | edit source]

The dependent vowels in the Sinhala alphabet are used in conjunction with consonants to form syllables. They are written as diacritic marks that appear above, below, or beside the consonant they accompany. Here are the dependent vowels in the Sinhala alphabet:

Sinhala Pronunciation English Translation
i i
ī ee
u u
ū oo

Vowel Diacritics[edit | edit source]

In addition to the independent and dependent vowels, the Sinhala alphabet also includes vowel diacritics. These diacritic marks are used to modify the vowel sound of a consonant. Here are the vowel diacritics in the Sinhala alphabet:

Sinhala Pronunciation English Translation
ā aa
ī ee
ō ou

Consonants[edit | edit source]

Now, let's move on to the consonants in the Sinhala alphabet. There are thirty-three consonants in total. Each consonant has an inherent vowel sound, which is usually the "a" sound. However, the inherent vowel can be modified using the vowel diacritics we discussed earlier.

Here are the thirty-three consonants in the Sinhala alphabet:

Sinhala Pronunciation English Translation
k k
kh kh
g g
gh gh
ng
c ch
chh chh
j j
jh jh
ñ ny
t
ṭh th
d
ḍh dh
n
t t
th th
d d
dh dh
n n
p p
ph ph
b b
bh bh
m m
y y
r r
v v
ś sh
sh
s s
h h
l
f f

Writing Basic Words[edit | edit source]

Now that you are familiar with the Sinhala alphabet, let's learn how to write basic words using the alphabet. In Sinhala, words are written from left to right, just like in English.

To write a word in Sinhala, you need to combine the consonants and vowels to form syllables. Each syllable consists of a consonant followed by a vowel or a consonant with a vowel diacritic. Let's look at some examples:

Example 1: අම්මා (amma) - meaning "mother"

In this example, we have the consonant "අ" (a) followed by the consonant "ම" (m) and the vowel "ා" (ā). When combined together, they form the word "අම්මා" (amma), which means "mother" in English.

Example 2: පිටි (piti) - meaning "book"

In this example, we have the consonant "ප" (p) followed by the vowel "ි" (i) and the consonant "ට" (t). When combined together, they form the word "පිටි" (piti), which means "book" in English.

By practicing writing basic words using the Sinhala alphabet, you will gradually become more comfortable with the script and be able to read and write more complex words in Sinhala.

Cultural Significance of the Sinhala Alphabet[edit | edit source]

The Sinhala alphabet has a rich cultural significance in Sri Lanka, where Sinhala is the official language. The origins of the Sinhala alphabet can be traced back to the Brahmi script, which was used in ancient India.

The Sinhala alphabet has evolved over centuries and has been influenced by various cultural and historical factors. One notable aspect of the Sinhala alphabet is its connection to Buddhism. The spread of Buddhism in Sri Lanka played a significant role in the development and preservation of the Sinhala script.

The Sinhala alphabet is also closely associated with the Sinhala language's unique phonetic features. Each letter in the Sinhala alphabet represents a distinct sound, which allows for precise pronunciation and accurate representation of the Sinhala language's phonology.

Understanding the cultural significance of the Sinhala alphabet can deepen your appreciation for the language and its connection to Sri Lankan history and heritage.

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now, let's practice what we've learned so far. Below are some exercises to help you reinforce your understanding of the Sinhala alphabet and writing basic words. Try to complete the exercises on your own, and then check your answers against the provided solutions.

Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

Write the following words in Sinhala using the Sinhala alphabet:

1. Cat - බළලා 2. Elephant - සිංහල 3. Tree - කුඹුරේ 4. Sun - හිරු 5. Flower - මල්

Solution:

1. Cat - බළලා 2. Elephant - සිංහල 3. Tree - කුඹුරේ 4. Sun - හිරු 5. Flower - මල්

Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

Write the Sinhala alphabet letter that corresponds to the given pronunciation:

1. Pronunciation: m

  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ම

2. Pronunciation: sh

  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ශ

3. Pronunciation: o

  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ඔ

4. Pronunciation: ee

  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ඊ

5. Pronunciation: t

  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ත

Solution:

1. Pronunciation: m

  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ම

2. Pronunciation: sh

  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ශ

3. Pronunciation: o

  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ඔ

4. Pronunciation: ee

  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ඊ

5. Pronunciation: t

  Sinhala Alphabet Letter: ත

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations on completing Unit 2 of the "Complete 0 to A1 Sinhala Course"! In this lesson, we explored the Sinhala alphabet, including vowels, consonants, and vowel diacritics. We also learned how to write basic words using the Sinhala alphabet. Remember to practice regularly to reinforce your understanding of the Sinhala alphabet.

In the next unit, we will delve into nouns and pronouns, which will allow us to talk about people, places, animals, and things in Sinhala. So, get ready for another exciting and informative lesson!

Videos[edit | edit source]

Sinhala Hodiya (Alphabet) | සිංහල හෝඩිය| Sinhala Grammar ...[edit | edit source]

Sinhala Grammar in tamil | learning sinhala language in tamil ...[edit | edit source]

Learn Sinhala Alphabet 4 - First 4 vowels අ ආ ඇ ඈ - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Learn Sinhala Alphabet - Lesson 06 - YouTube[edit | edit source]

All about Sinhala alphabet letters / Hodiya / explained in Tamil / Part ...[edit | edit source]


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