Difference between revisions of "Language/Tamil/Grammar/Nominative-and-Accusative-Cases"

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Tamil → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Cases and Postpositions → Nominative and Accusative Cases

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on the nominative and accusative cases in Tamil! In this lesson, we will explore the importance of these cases in the context of the Tamil language. Understanding the nominative and accusative cases is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences and expressing ideas accurately in Tamil. We will delve into the details of these cases, provide numerous examples to illustrate each point, and explore any regional variations in their usage. Additionally, we will share interesting cultural facts and anecdotes related to the topic. By the end of this lesson, you will have a strong grasp of the nominative and accusative cases and be able to use them confidently in your Tamil communication.

Nominative Case[edit | edit source]

The nominative case, also known as the subject case, is used to indicate the subject of a sentence. It is the form of a noun or pronoun that typically performs the action of the verb or is being described by an adjective. In Tamil, the nominative case is marked by the absence of any specific case marker.

Let's look at some examples to understand the usage of the nominative case:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
நான்	Nāṉ	I
அவன்	Avaṉ	He
அவள்	Avaḷ	She
அவர்கள்	Avarkaḷ	They

In the above examples, the pronouns "நான்" (Nāṉ), "அவன்" (Avaṉ), "அவள்" (Avaḷ), and "அவர்கள்" (Avarkaḷ) are all in the nominative case. They function as the subjects of the sentences and indicate who or what is performing the action.

Now, let's see how the nominative case is used with nouns:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
மகள்	Magaḷ	Daughter
பாடகர்	Pāṭakar	Singer
மரம்	Maram	Tree
படம்	Paṭam	Picture

In the above examples, the nouns "மகள்" (Magaḷ), "பாடகர்" (Pāṭakar), "மரம்" (Maram), and "படம்" (Paṭam) are in the nominative case. They function as the subjects of the sentences and indicate what or who is performing the action.

Accusative Case[edit | edit source]

The accusative case, also known as the object case, is used to indicate the direct object of a verb. It is the form of a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb. In Tamil, the accusative case is marked using the postposition "ஐ" (ai) or "யை" (yai).

Let's look at some examples to understand the usage of the accusative case:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
நான் புடவை கண்டேன்.	Nāṉ puṭavai kaṇṭēṉ.	I saw a book.
அவன் படத்தை அழைத்தான்.	Avaṉ paṭattai aḻaittāṉ.	He called the picture.

In the above examples, the accusative case is marked by the postposition "ஐ" (ai) in the phrases "புடவை கண்டேன்" (puṭavai kaṇṭēṉ) and "படத்தை அழைத்தான்" (paṭattai aḻaittāṉ). These phrases indicate the direct objects of the verbs "கண்டேன்" (kaṇṭēṉ) and "அழைத்தான்" (aḻaittāṉ), respectively.

Now, let's see how the accusative case is used with nouns:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
மகள் புடவையை விற்றாள்.	Magaḷ puṭavaiyai viṟṟāḷ.	The daughter sold the book.
பாடகர் படத்தை பாடினார்.	Pāṭakar paṭattai pāṭiṉār.	The singer sang the song.

In the above examples, the accusative case is marked by the postposition "யை" (yai) in the phrases "புடவையை விற்றாள்" (puṭavaiyai viṟṟāḷ) and "படத்தை பாடினார்" (paṭattai pāṭiṉār). These phrases indicate the direct objects of the verbs "விற்றாள்" (viṟṟāḷ) and "பாடினார்" (pāṭiṉār), respectively.

Regional Variations and Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

It's important to note that the usage of the nominative and accusative cases may vary slightly across different regions where Tamil is spoken. Variations in dialects and accents can influence the way these cases are used. For example, in certain regions, the postposition "யை" (yai) is used instead of "ஐ" (ai) to mark the accusative case.

In Tamil literature and poetry, the nominative and accusative cases play a significant role. They are used to create rhythm, rhyme, and poetic effects. Tamil literature and poetry are rich in cultural references and provide insights into the history, traditions, and beliefs of the Tamil people.

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now, let's practice using the nominative and accusative cases in Tamil. Complete the following exercises:

1. Convert the following sentences into Tamil using the nominative case: a) She is a doctor. b) They are students. c) The cat is sleeping. d) We are friends.

2. Convert the following sentences into Tamil using the accusative case: a) He ate an apple. b) I bought a new dress. c) They read a book. d) We visited a temple.

Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. Nominative Case: a) அவள் ஒரு மருத்துவர் ஆவாள். (Avaḷ oru maruttuvar āvāḷ.) b) அவர்கள் மாணவர்களாவர்கள். (Avarkaḷ māṇavarkaḷāvarkaḷ.) c) பூனை தூங்கிவிடுகிறது. (Pūṉai tūṅgiviṭukiṟathu.) d) நாங்கள் நண்பர்கள் ஆகும். (Nāṅkaḷ naṇbarkaḷ ākum.)

2. Accusative Case: a) அவன் ஒரு ஆப்பிள் உண்டான். (Avaṉ oru āppiḷ uṇṭāṉ.) b) நான் ஒரு புதிய துணி வாங்கினேன். (Nāṉ oru putiya tuṇi vāṅkiṇēṉ.) c) அவர்கள் ஒரு புத்தகத்தை வாசித்தர். (Avarkaḷ oru puttakattai vācittar.) d) நாங்கள் ஒரு கோவிலை அடையாளம் செல்லுகின்றோம். (Nāṅkaḷ oru kōvilai aṭaiyāḷam cellugiṉṟōm.)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have successfully learned about the nominative and accusative cases in Tamil. These cases play a crucial role in constructing grammatically correct sentences and expressing ideas accurately. Remember to practice using them in your conversations and written communication to become more proficient in Tamil. In the next lesson, we will explore postpositions and their usage in Tamil. Keep up the great work!

Table of Contents - Tamil Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Introduction to Tamil Grammar

Daily Life Vocabulary

Verbs and Tenses

Profession and Work Vocabulary

Tamil Culture and Customs

Adjectives and Adverbs

Health and Fitness Vocabulary

Cases and Postpositions

Nominative and Accusative Cases
Postpositions

Nature, Environment and Wildlife Vocabulary

Tamil Literature and History

Negation and Interrogation

Videos[edit | edit source]

Tamil Grammar - Nominative Case - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Physical Fitness and Exercise — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Postpositions ▶️

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-{{Tamil-Page-Top}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Tamil/Vocabulary/Physical-Fitness-and-Exercise|◀️ Physical Fitness and Exercise — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Postpositions|Next Lesson — Postpositions ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
+{{Tamil-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Tamil|Tamil]]  → [[Language/Tamil/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Cases and Postpositions → Nominative and Accusative Cases</div>
-<div class="pg_page_title">Tamil Grammar → Cases and Postpositions → Nominative and Accusative Cases</div>
+__TOC__
-__TOC__
+== Introduction ==
-As a Tamil language teacher with 20 years of experience, I know that Tamil grammar can be challenging for beginners. In this lesson, we will focus on the nominative and accusative cases in Tamil. These cases are essential in forming sentences and understanding the structure of Tamil as a language. By the end of this lesson, you will have a good understanding of how to use the nominative and accusative cases in your sentences.
+Welcome to the lesson on the nominative and accusative cases in Tamil! In this lesson, we will explore the importance of these cases in the context of the Tamil language. Understanding the nominative and accusative cases is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences and expressing ideas accurately in Tamil. We will delve into the details of these cases, provide numerous examples to illustrate each point, and explore any regional variations in their usage. Additionally, we will share interesting cultural facts and anecdotes related to the topic. By the end of this lesson, you will have a strong grasp of the nominative and accusative cases and be able to use them confidently in your Tamil communication.
 == Nominative Case ==
-The Nominative case is used to refer to the subject of the sentence. For example: "நான் அழகான பழக்கம் உண்டாக்குகிறேன் (nāṉ aḻakāṉa paḻakkam uṇṭākkiṟēṉ)" means "I am creating a beautiful painting." Here, "நான் (nāṉ)" is the subject of the sentence, and it is in the nominative case.
+The nominative case, also known as the subject case, is used to indicate the subject of a sentence. It is the form of a noun or pronoun that typically performs the action of the verb or is being described by an adjective. In Tamil, the nominative case is marked by the absence of any specific case marker.
-Here are some more examples of sentences in the nominative case:
+Let's look at some examples to understand the usage of the nominative case:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| அவன் பதில் கொடுக்க வேண்டும் (avan padhil koṭukka vēṇṭum) || əʋən pəd̪ɪɻ koʈʊʈkə veːɳɖʊm || He must give the answer.
+| நான் || Nāṉ || I
+|-
+| அவன் || Avaṉ || He
 |-
-| அவர் ஒரு நல்ல சகோதரி (avar oru nalla sakōthari) || əʋər ɔru n̪əllə sakəʋəd̪ari || She is a good sister.
+| அவள் || Avaḷ || She
 |-
-| நாம் கண்காணிப்போம் (nām kaṇkāṇippōm) || nɑːm kaŋkaːɳippom || We see.
+| அவர்கள் || Avarkaḷ || They
 |}
-Now that you have seen some examples, let's practice some sentences together.
+In the above examples, the pronouns "நான்" (Nāṉ), "அவன்" (Avaṉ), "அவள்" (Avaḷ), and "அவர்கள்" (Avarkaḷ) are all in the nominative case. They function as the subjects of the sentences and indicate who or what is performing the action.
+Now, let's see how the nominative case is used with nouns:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| மகள் || Magaḷ || Daughter
+|-
+| பாடகர் || Pāṭakar || Singer
+|-
+| மரம் || Maram || Tree
+|-
+| படம் || Paṭam || Picture
+|}
-* நான் பழக்கம் உண்டாக்குகிறேன் (nāṉ paḻakkam uṇṭākkiṟēṉ) - I am making a painting.
+In the above examples, the nouns "மகள்" (Magaḷ), "பாடகர்" (Pāṭakar), "மரம்" (Maram), and "படம்" (Paṭam) are in the nominative case. They function as the subjects of the sentences and indicate what or who is performing the action.
-* அவன் பக்கத்தில் இருக்கிறான் (avan pakkathil irukkiṟān) - He is standing near.
-* அவள் வாங்கி விட்டது (avaḷ vāṅgi viṭṭadu) - She bought and left.
-* நாம் பாடுகிறோம் (nām pāṭukirōm) - We are singing.
 == Accusative Case ==
-The Accusative case is used to refer to the object of the sentence. For example: "நான் ஒரு படம் பார்க்கிறேன் (nāṉ oru paṭam pārkkiṟēṉ)" means "I am watching a movie." Here, "படம் (paṭam)" is the object of the sentence, and it is in the accusative case.
+The accusative case, also known as the object case, is used to indicate the direct object of a verb. It is the form of a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb. In Tamil, the accusative case is marked using the postposition "ஐ" (ai) or "யை" (yai).
-Here are some more examples of sentences in the accusative case:
+Let's look at some examples to understand the usage of the accusative case:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| நான் ஒரு மாணவனை பார்த்தேன் (nāṉ oru māṇavaṉai pārttēṉ) || nɑːn oru maːɳavəɳəj paːrt̪teːɳ || I saw a student.
+| நான் புடவை கண்டேன். || Nāṉ puṭavai kaṇṭēṉ. || I saw a book.
-|-
-| நாம் பழக்கத்தை கண்டு கொண்டோம் (nām paḻakkattai kaṇṭu koṇṭōm) || nɑːm paɻəkkaʈʈəj ɡəɳɖʊ koɳɖoːm || We have seen the painting.
 |-
-| நான் படிக்கிறேன் புத்தகத்தை (nāṉ paṭikkiṟēṉ puttakattai) || nɑːn pəʈɪkːiraːn putʰakhət̪t̪aj || I am reading a book.
+| அவன் படத்தை அழைத்தான். || Avaṉ paṭattai aḻaittāṉ. || He called the picture.
 |}
-Now let's practice some more sentences together:
+In the above examples, the accusative case is marked by the postposition "ஐ" (ai) in the phrases "புடவை கண்டேன்" (puṭavai kaṇṭēṉ) and "படத்தை அழைத்தான்" (paṭattai aḻaittāṉ). These phrases indicate the direct objects of the verbs "கண்டேன்" (kaṇṭēṉ) and "அழைத்தான்" (aḻaittāṉ), respectively.
-* என் அம்மா காதலால் எனக்கு பொருள் வாங்கினார் (en ammā kādalāl enakku poruḷ vāṅginaar) - My mother bought me something with love.
-* அவர் முன் பார்த்திருந்த படத்தை நான் பார்த்தேன் (avar muṉ pārttirundha paṭattai nān pārttēṉ) - I watched the movie he had watched before.
-* அவள் மிஸ் பண்ணிய உண்டுகிற கேள்விக்கு பதில் பார்க்கிறேன் (avaḷ miss paṇṇiya uṇṭu kiṟa kēḷvikku padhil pārkkiṟēṉ) - I am checking the answer for the question she missed.
-== Postpositions ==
-Postpositions are words that can be added to the end of a noun or a pronoun to indicate its relationship with other words in the sentence. In Tamil, postpositions play a crucial role in forming sentences, just like cases.
-Here are some examples of postpositions:
+Now, let's see how the accusative case is used with nouns:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| இருக்கும் (irukkum) || irukku(ŋ) || to exist, in or at
+| மகள் புடவையை விற்றாள். || Magaḷ puṭavaiyai viṟṟāḷ. || The daughter sold the book.
 |-
-| அடி (aṭi) || aɖi || towards
+| பாடகர் படத்தை பாடினார். || Pāṭakar paṭattai pāṭiṉār. || The singer sang the song.
-|-
-| முன் (muṉ) || muɳ || in front of
 |}
-Here are some examples of sentences using postpositions:
+In the above examples, the accusative case is marked by the postposition "யை" (yai) in the phrases "புடவையை விற்றாள்" (puṭavaiyai viṟṟāḷ) and "படத்தை பாடினார்" (paṭattai pāṭiṉār). These phrases indicate the direct objects of the verbs "விற்றாள்" (viṟṟāḷ) and "பாடினார்" (pāṭiṉār), respectively.
+== Regional Variations and Cultural Insights ==
+It's important to note that the usage of the nominative and accusative cases may vary slightly across different regions where Tamil is spoken. Variations in dialects and accents can influence the way these cases are used. For example, in certain regions, the postposition "யை" (yai) is used instead of "ஐ" (ai) to mark the accusative case.
+In Tamil literature and poetry, the nominative and accusative cases play a significant role. They are used to create rhythm, rhyme, and poetic effects. Tamil literature and poetry are rich in cultural references and provide insights into the history, traditions, and beliefs of the Tamil people.
+== Exercises ==
-* என் வீட்டிற்கு அடிகளை சேர்த்தேன் (en vīṭṭiṟku aṭikaḷai cērttēṉ) - I added fences to my house.
+Now, let's practice using the nominative and accusative cases in Tamil. Complete the following exercises:
-* அவர் என் முன் இருக்கிறார் (avar en muṉ irukkiṟār) - He is standing in front of me.
-* ஆம் அழகு செய்து ஆசப்போம் (ām aḻaku seydhu āsap pōm) - Let's create beauty by working towards it.
-Now that you have learned about the nominative and accusative cases and how to use postpositions, let's practice some more sentences together:
+. Convert the following sentences into Tamil using the nominative case:
+a) She is a doctor.
+b) They are students.
+c) The cat is sleeping.
+d) We are friends.
-* நீங்கள் எங்கு வாங்கியுள்ளீர்கள்? (nīṅkaḷ eṅku vāṅgiyuḷḷīrkaḷ?) - Where did you buy it?
+. Convert the following sentences into Tamil using the accusative case:
-* நான் நீலம் பார்க்க போகிறேன் (nāṉ nīlam pārkka pōkiṟēṉ) - I am going to see the sky.
+a) He ate an apple.
-* நீங்கள் எப்போது சேர்க்கிறீர்கள்? (nīṅkaḷ eppōtu cērkiṟīrkaḷ?) - When are you coming?
+b) I bought a new dress.
+c) They read a book.
+d) We visited a temple.
-== Conclusion ==
+== Solutions ==
-Congratulations! You have completed the lesson on the nominative and accusative cases in Tamil. By now, you should have a good understanding of how to use these cases in your sentences, and how to use postpositions to indicate the relationship between elements in your sentences. Keep practicing and remember that language learning takes time and effort.
+. Nominative Case:
+a) அவள் ஒரு மருத்துவர் ஆவாள். (Avaḷ oru maruttuvar āvāḷ.)
+b) அவர்கள் மாணவர்களாவர்கள். (Avarkaḷ māṇavarkaḷāvarkaḷ.)
+c) பூனை தூங்கிவிடுகிறது. (Pūṉai tūṅgiviṭukiṟathu.)
+d) நாங்கள் நண்பர்கள் ஆகும். (Nāṅkaḷ naṇbarkaḷ ākum.)
-Now you can move ahead in the course to learn the next topics!
+. Accusative Case:
+a) அவன் ஒரு ஆப்பிள் உண்டான். (Avaṉ oru āppiḷ uṇṭāṉ.)
+b) நான் ஒரு புதிய துணி வாங்கினேன். (Nāṉ oru putiya tuṇi vāṅkiṇēṉ.)
+c) அவர்கள் ஒரு புத்தகத்தை வாசித்தர். (Avarkaḷ oru puttakattai vācittar.)
+d) நாங்கள் ஒரு கோவிலை அடையாளம் செல்லுகின்றோம். (Nāṅkaḷ oru kōvilai aṭaiyāḷam cellugiṉṟōm.)
+== Conclusion ==
-<span class='maj'></span>
+Congratulations! You have successfully learned about the nominative and accusative cases in Tamil. These cases play a crucial role in constructing grammatically correct sentences and expressing ideas accurately. Remember to practice using them in your conversations and written communication to become more proficient in Tamil. In the next lesson, we will explore postpositions and their usage in Tamil. Keep up the great work!
-==Sources==
-* [https://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/public/h_sch_9a.pdf The Tamil Case System]
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_grammar Tamil grammar - Wikipedia]
-* [https://universaldependencies.org/ta/index.html Tamil UD]
 {{#seo:
 |title=Tamil Grammar → Cases and Postpositions → Nominative and Accusative Cases
-|keywords=Tamil, grammar, cases, postpositions, nominative case, accusative case, language learning
+|keywords=Tamil grammar, Tamil cases, nominative case, accusative case, Tamil language, Tamil lessons, Tamil course
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the nominative and accusative cases in Tamil. We will focus on the usage of these cases in sentences and their importance in forming proper structure of Tamil language.
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the nominative and accusative cases in Tamil. Explore the usage of these cases, regional variations, and cultural insights. Complete exercises to practice your skills. Get ready to master Tamil grammar!
 }}
@@ Line 108: / Line 133: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Tamil-0-to-A1-Course]]
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
+==Videos==
+===Tamil Grammar - Nominative Case - YouTube===
+<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KqTrLyfaEQ</youtube>
+==Sources==
+* [https://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/public/h_sch_9a.pdf The Tamil Case System]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_grammar Tamil grammar - Wikipedia]
+* [https://universaldependencies.org/ta/index.html Tamil UD]
+==Other Lessons==
+* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Plural-Noun-Suffix-Addition|Plural Noun Suffix Addition]]
+* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Verb-Classes|Verb Classes]]
+* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Adjective-(பெயரடை)|Adjective (பெயரடை)]]
+* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
+* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
+* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Continuous-tense|Continuous tense]]
+* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Past-tense|Past tense]]
+* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Postpositions|Postpositions]]
+* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
 {{Tamil-Page-Bottom}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Tamil/Vocabulary/Physical-Fitness-and-Exercise|◀️ Physical Fitness and Exercise — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Postpositions|Next Lesson — Postpositions ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>