Difference between revisions of "Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Time-and-Calendar"

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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Hebrew|Hebrew]]  → [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Hebrew/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Everyday Hebrew Vocabulary → Time and Calendar</div>
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In this lesson, we will learn the Hebrew words for time and calendar. Knowing these words will help you schedule appointments and make plans with Hebrew-speaking friends, as well as help you understand Hebrew news and media. We will cover the days of the week, months of the year, and how to tell time.
== Introduction ==


In this lesson, we will explore the Hebrew vocabulary related to time and the calendar. Time is an essential aspect of any language, and understanding how to tell time and refer to specific dates is crucial for effective communication. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently express days of the week, months of the year, and tell time in Hebrew. We will cover the pronunciation, transliteration, and English translation of each word, ensuring a comprehensive learning experience.


<span link>With the completion of this lesson, consider investigating these related pages: [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Time|Time]] & [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Count-to-10|Count to 10]].</span>
== Days of the Week ==
== Days of the Week ==


In Hebrew, the days of the week are based on the seven-day Creation story described in the Book of Genesis. The Hebrew names for the days of the week are:
Let's begin by learning the Hebrew words for the days of the week. In Hebrew, the week starts on Sunday and ends on Saturday, just like in many other cultures. Here are the Hebrew names for each day of the week:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 36: Line 36:
| יום שישי || Yom Shishi || Friday
| יום שישי || Yom Shishi || Friday
|-
|-
| שבת || Shabbat || Saturday (Sabbath)
| שבת || Shabbat || Saturday
|}
|}


Note that the Hebrew calendar day starts at sunset, so Shabbat (Saturday) actually begins on Friday evening.
It's important to note that Shabbat, which corresponds to the Sabbath, is considered a special day in Hebrew culture. It is a day of rest and religious observance, and many people refrain from working and engage in spiritual activities.


== Months of the Year ==
== Months of the Year ==


The Hebrew calendar is a lunar calendar, based on the cycles of the moon. The months of the Hebrew year are:
Next, let's explore the Hebrew names for the months of the year. The Hebrew calendar is a lunar calendar, which means that it follows the cycles of the moon. This results in the Hebrew year being slightly shorter than the Gregorian calendar year. Here are the Hebrew names for each month:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Hebrew !! Pronunciation !! English
! Hebrew !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| תשרי || Tishrei || September-October
| ינואר || Yanuar || January
|-
|-
| חשון || Cheshvan || October-November
| פברואר || Februar || February
|-
|-
| כסלו || Kislev || November-December
| מרץ || Martz || March
|-
|-
| טבת || Tevet || December-January
| אפריל || April || April
|-
|-
| שבט || Shevat || January-February
| מאי || May || May
|-
|-
| אדר || Adar || February-March (or Adar I and Adar II in leap years)
| יוני || Yuni || June
|-
|-
| ניסן || Nisan || March-April
| יולי || Yuli || July
|-
|-
| אייר || Iyar || April-May
| אוגוסט || August || August
|-
|-
| סיוון || Sivan || May-June
| ספטמבר || September || September
|-
|-
| תמוז || Tamuz || June-July
| אוקטובר || Oktober || October
|-
|-
| אב || Av || July-August
| נובמבר || November || November
|-
|-
| אלול || Elul || August-September
| דצמבר || Dezember || December
|}
|}
The Hebrew calendar has 12 months, with a 13th month added every 2-3 years to keep the calendar in sync with the solar year. This is called a leap year, and the extra month is called Adar II.


== Telling Time ==
== Telling Time ==


To tell time in Hebrew, you will need to know the Hebrew numbers from 1-12. Here are the numbers from 1-12 in Hebrew:
Now, let's focus on learning how to tell time in Hebrew. The Hebrew language uses a 24-hour clock system, similar to many other languages. Here are some examples of how to express different times of the day:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Hebrew !! Pronunciation !! English
! Hebrew !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| אחד || Echad || One
| 1:00 || שעה אחת || Sha'a Achat || 1 o'clock
|-
| שניים || Shtayim || Two
|-
| שלושה || Shaloshah || Three
|-
| ארבעה || Arba'ah || Four
|-
| חמישה || Chamishah || Five
|-
| שישה || Shishah || Six
|-
| שבעה || Shevah || Seven
|-
|-
| שמונה || Shmonah || Eight
| 6:30 || שש וחצי || Shesh Vechetzi || 6:30
|-
|-
| תשעה || Tish'ah || Nine
| 9:15 || תשע ורבע || Tisha Verba || 9:15
|-
|-
| עשרה || Esreh || Ten
| 12:00 || שתיים עשרה || Shneym Asar || 12 o'clock
|-
|-
| אחד עשר || Echad-Esreh || Eleven
| 17:45 || חמישה עשר רבע || Chamisha Esreh Verba || 17:45
|-
|-
| שנים עשר || Shtey-Esreh || Twelve
| 20:30 || עשרים וחצי || Esrim Vechetzi || 20:30
|}
|}


To tell the time, we add the word "שעה" (sha'ah) after the hour, which means "hour". For example, "one o'clock" is "חדש בשעה אחת" (echad ba'sha'ah achat), literally "one at the hour one."
To express minutes, we use the word "עשרה" (aserah) for 10 minutes, "חצי" (chetzi) for half past, and "רבע" (verba) for a quarter past or a quarter to the hour.
 
== Cultural Insights ==
 
In Hebrew culture, the concept of time is deeply intertwined with religious and historical events. The Hebrew calendar follows the lunar cycle, which has significant cultural and religious implications. Jewish holidays and observances are determined by the Hebrew calendar, and they play a central role in Hebrew culture and traditions.
 
One interesting cultural fact is that Friday evening is considered a special time in Hebrew culture. It marks the beginning of Shabbat, the day of rest and spiritual reflection. Families gather for a festive meal called "סעודת שבת" (Seudat Shabbat) and light candles to welcome the Sabbath. This cultural practice is an essential part of Hebrew identity and is observed by many Jewish communities around the world.
 
== Practice Exercises ==
 
Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of Hebrew time and calendar vocabulary.
 
Exercise 1: Match the Hebrew days of the week with their English translations.
* יום ראשון
* יום שני
* יום שלישי
* יום רביעי
* יום חמישי
* יום שישי
* שבת


To indicate the minutes, we add the number of minutes after the hour, followed by the word "דקה" (dak'ah) which means "minute." For example, "two fifteen" is "שתיים וחמש עשרה" (shtayim ve'chamish esreh), literally "two and fifteen."
Solution:
* Sunday
* Monday
* Tuesday
* Wednesday
* Thursday
* Friday
* Saturday


If the time is after half past the hour, we add the word "חצי" (chatzi), which means "half." For example, "four forty-five" is "חמש עשרה לחמש" (chamish esreh la'chamish), literally "fifteen to five."
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct Hebrew month names.
* ינואר
* פברואר
* מרץ
* אפריל
* _____
* יולי
* אוגוסט
* ספטמבר
* אוקטובר
* נובמבר
* דצמבר


== Practice ==
Solution:
* May
* June


Now that you've learned the Hebrew words for time and calendar, it's time to practice! Try asking a Hebrew-speaking friend what time it is, or practice scheduling an appointment or meeting using the Hebrew calendar. The more you practice, the more natural these words and phrases will become.
Exercise 3: Write the following times in Hebrew.
* 3:45
* 10:30
* 15:20


<span class='maj'></span>
Solution:
==Sources==
* שלוש וְאַרְבָּעִים וָחֲמִשָּׁה
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_calendar Hebrew calendar - Wikipedia]
* עֲשָׂרָה וּשְׁלֹשָה עֶשְׂרֵה
* [https://www.ivritalk.com/hebrew-calendar-jewish-months/ Jewish Months Of The Year - The Hebrew Calendar - IvriTalk]
* חֲמִישָׁה עֶשְׂרֵה וּעֲשָׂרָה עֶשְׂרֵה
 
== Conclusion ==
 
Congratulations! You have successfully learned the Hebrew vocabulary related to time and the calendar. Knowing how to express days of the week, months of the year, and tell time is essential for day-to-day communication in Hebrew. Keep practicing and using these words in context to reinforce your learning. In the next lesson, we will delve into the world of Hebrew grammar, focusing on nouns and pronouns.


{{#seo:
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|title=Hebrew Vocabulary → Everyday Hebrew Vocabulary → Time and Calendar
|keywords=Hebrew, vocabulary, time, calendar, days of the week, months, telling time, Hebrew numerals, Hebrew calendar
|keywords=Hebrew vocabulary, everyday Hebrew vocabulary, time in Hebrew, Hebrew calendar, Hebrew days of the week, Hebrew months of the year
|description=Learn the Hebrew words for days of the week, months of the year, and how to tell time in this lesson on the Hebrew vocabulary for time and calendar.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the Hebrew words for days of the week, months of the year, and how to tell time. Explore the cultural significance of time in Hebrew culture and practice your new vocabulary with engaging exercises.
}}
}}


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==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_calendar Hebrew calendar - Wikipedia]
* [https://www.ivritalk.com/hebrew-calendar-jewish-months/ Jewish Months Of The Year - The Hebrew Calendar - IvriTalk]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Seasons|Seasons]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Seasons|Seasons]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-Week|Days of the Week]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-Week|Days of the Week]]


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Latest revision as of 14:13, 18 June 2023

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Hebrew → Vocabulary → 0 to A1 Course → Everyday Hebrew Vocabulary → Time and Calendar

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will explore the Hebrew vocabulary related to time and the calendar. Time is an essential aspect of any language, and understanding how to tell time and refer to specific dates is crucial for effective communication. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently express days of the week, months of the year, and tell time in Hebrew. We will cover the pronunciation, transliteration, and English translation of each word, ensuring a comprehensive learning experience.

Days of the Week[edit | edit source]

Let's begin by learning the Hebrew words for the days of the week. In Hebrew, the week starts on Sunday and ends on Saturday, just like in many other cultures. Here are the Hebrew names for each day of the week:

Hebrew Pronunciation English
יום ראשון Yom Rishon Sunday
יום שני Yom Sheni Monday
יום שלישי Yom Shlishi Tuesday
יום רביעי Yom Revi'i Wednesday
יום חמישי Yom Chamishi Thursday
יום שישי Yom Shishi Friday
שבת Shabbat Saturday

It's important to note that Shabbat, which corresponds to the Sabbath, is considered a special day in Hebrew culture. It is a day of rest and religious observance, and many people refrain from working and engage in spiritual activities.

Months of the Year[edit | edit source]

Next, let's explore the Hebrew names for the months of the year. The Hebrew calendar is a lunar calendar, which means that it follows the cycles of the moon. This results in the Hebrew year being slightly shorter than the Gregorian calendar year. Here are the Hebrew names for each month:

Hebrew Pronunciation English
ינואר Yanuar January
פברואר Februar February
מרץ Martz March
אפריל April April
מאי May May
יוני Yuni June
יולי Yuli July
אוגוסט August August
ספטמבר September September
אוקטובר Oktober October
נובמבר November November
דצמבר Dezember December

Telling Time[edit | edit source]

Now, let's focus on learning how to tell time in Hebrew. The Hebrew language uses a 24-hour clock system, similar to many other languages. Here are some examples of how to express different times of the day:

Hebrew Pronunciation English
1:00 שעה אחת Sha'a Achat 1 o'clock
6:30 שש וחצי Shesh Vechetzi 6:30
9:15 תשע ורבע Tisha Verba 9:15
12:00 שתיים עשרה Shneym Asar 12 o'clock
17:45 חמישה עשר רבע Chamisha Esreh Verba 17:45
20:30 עשרים וחצי Esrim Vechetzi 20:30

To express minutes, we use the word "עשרה" (aserah) for 10 minutes, "חצי" (chetzi) for half past, and "רבע" (verba) for a quarter past or a quarter to the hour.

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

In Hebrew culture, the concept of time is deeply intertwined with religious and historical events. The Hebrew calendar follows the lunar cycle, which has significant cultural and religious implications. Jewish holidays and observances are determined by the Hebrew calendar, and they play a central role in Hebrew culture and traditions.

One interesting cultural fact is that Friday evening is considered a special time in Hebrew culture. It marks the beginning of Shabbat, the day of rest and spiritual reflection. Families gather for a festive meal called "סעודת שבת" (Seudat Shabbat) and light candles to welcome the Sabbath. This cultural practice is an essential part of Hebrew identity and is observed by many Jewish communities around the world.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of Hebrew time and calendar vocabulary.

Exercise 1: Match the Hebrew days of the week with their English translations.

  • יום ראשון
  • יום שני
  • יום שלישי
  • יום רביעי
  • יום חמישי
  • יום שישי
  • שבת

Solution:

  • Sunday
  • Monday
  • Tuesday
  • Wednesday
  • Thursday
  • Friday
  • Saturday

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct Hebrew month names.

  • ינואר
  • פברואר
  • מרץ
  • אפריל
  • _____
  • יולי
  • אוגוסט
  • ספטמבר
  • אוקטובר
  • נובמבר
  • דצמבר

Solution:

  • May
  • June

Exercise 3: Write the following times in Hebrew.

  • 3:45
  • 10:30
  • 15:20

Solution:

  • שלוש וְאַרְבָּעִים וָחֲמִשָּׁה
  • עֲשָׂרָה וּשְׁלֹשָה עֶשְׂרֵה
  • חֲמִישָׁה עֶשְׂרֵה וּעֲשָׂרָה עֶשְׂרֵה

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have successfully learned the Hebrew vocabulary related to time and the calendar. Knowing how to express days of the week, months of the year, and tell time is essential for day-to-day communication in Hebrew. Keep practicing and using these words in context to reinforce your learning. In the next lesson, we will delve into the world of Hebrew grammar, focusing on nouns and pronouns.

Table of Contents - Hebrew Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Hebrew Alphabet


Everyday Hebrew Vocabulary


Hebrew Grammar


Israeli Culture


Hebrew Expressions


Hebrew Numbers


Hebrew Geography and Landmarks


Hebrew Literature and Language


Grammar Review


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Weather — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Nouns ▶️

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