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<div class="pg_page_title">Modern Greek (1453-) Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Modern Greek (1453-) Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense</div>


__TOC__
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As a modern Greek (1453-) language teacher, I have been teaching the Greek language for 20 years. Welcome to this lesson that will teach you how to form and use the present tense of verbs in Modern Greek. This lesson belongs to a larger course titled "Complete 0 to A1 Modern Greek (1453-) Course". Students are complete beginners and this course will take them to the A1 level.
== Introduction ==


== Introduction ==
Welcome to the lesson on the present tense in Modern Greek! In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the present tense of verbs in Modern Greek. The present tense is used to describe actions that are happening now or situations that are currently true. It is an essential part of everyday communication, so mastering the present tense will greatly improve your ability to express yourself in Modern Greek.
 
== Forming the Present Tense ==
 
When a verb is conjugated, we notice, we find that some part stays the same and some change
 
The present tense is formed by adding specific endings to the theme of the verb. The theme is the part of the verb that remains unchanged, while the endings indicate the subject and person performing the action. Let's take a look at the different verb endings in the present tense for each person.
 
'''e.g.'''  
 
δέν-ω '''(bind)'''
 
δέν-εις
 
δέν-ει
 
δέν-ουμε
 
δένετ-ε
 
δέν-ουν
 
The part that changes : '''ω, -εις,-ει, -ουμε, -ετε, -ουν''' is called ending.
 
The part that remains constant ('''δέν'''-) is called theme.
 
The last sound of the theme - '''ν''' - is called the character.
 
'''* Note''': The same thing is observed for the noun, the adjective, the pronoun and the participle.
 
'''The tenses are formed by three different subjects:'''
 
'''1.''' the present tense
 
'''2.''' the aorist (active infinitive)
 
'''3'''. the aorist (passive infinitive)
 
* The theme is an absolutely necessary element for the existence of a word.
* It is possible to have words without prefixes or suffixes (eg. άνθρωπ-ος: human).
* it is possible to exist words even without inflectional suffixes (eg. χτες /χθες : yesterday).
* But it is not possible to exist words or verbs without '''theme.'''
 
* Times referring to the present and future are called '''arctic''', while times referring to the past are called '''historical''' in greek
 
=== First Person Singular ===
 
In the first person singular, we use the ending -ω (-o) for verbs ending in -ω (-o) and -ώ (-ó) for verbs ending in a vowel or a consonant. Here are a few examples to illustrate this:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| φέρνω ('ferno) || férno || I bring
|-
| μιλώ ('milo) || mílo || I speak
|-
| αγαπώ ('agapó) || agapó || I love
|}
 
=== Second Person Singular ===
 
In the second person singular, we use the ending -εις (-is). Here are a few examples:


The present tense is used to describe actions that are happening now or are currently in progress. For example, "I am studying Greek grammar." In Modern Greek, the present tense is broadly categorized into two forms: the simple present tense and the present continuous tense.
{| class="wikitable"
! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| φέρνεις ('fernis) || férnis || you bring
|-
| μιλείς ('mílis) || mílis || you speak
|-
| αγαπείς ('agapís) || agapís || you love
|}


In this lesson, we will be focusing on the formation and usage of the simple present tense. You will learn how to conjugate regular verbs, irregular verbs, and stem-changing verbs in the present tense.
=== Third Person Singular ===


In the third person singular, we use the ending -ει (-i) for verbs ending in -ω (-o) and -εί (-í) for verbs ending in a vowel or a consonant. Here are a few examples:


<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Diphthongs-and-Special-Combinations|Diphthongs and Special Combinations]] & [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Common-Mistakes-in-Learning-Greek|Common Mistakes in Learning Greek]].</span>
{| class="wikitable"
== Formation of the Simple Present Tense ==
! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| φέρνει ('ferní) || férni || he/she/it brings
|-
| μιλάει ('milái) || milái || he/she/it speaks
|-
| αγαπάει ('agapái) || agapái || he/she/it loves
|}


In Modern Greek, the simple present tense is a combination of a verb root or stem and a series of endings that help indicate the person, number, and gender of the subject.
=== First Person Plural ===
The endings are the same for regular and irregular verbs. However, in the case of irregular verbs, the stem will differ from the standard verb forms.


Here are some examples of regular verb endings:
In the first person plural, we use the ending -ουμε (-oume). Here are a few examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Pronoun !! Ending !! Example verb form
! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Εγώ || -ω || μιλάω (miláo) - I speak
| φέρνουμε ('fernoume) || férnoume || we bring
|-
|-
| Εσύ || -εις || μιλάς (milás) - You speak
| μιλάμε ('miláme) || miláme || we speak
|-
|-
| Αυτός/Αυτή/Αυτό || -ει || μιλάει (milái) - He/She/It speaks
| αγαπάμε ('agapáme) || agapáme || we love
|}
 
=== Second Person Plural ===
 
In the second person plural, we use the ending -ετε (-ete). Here are a few examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Εμείς || -ουμε || μιλάμε (miláme) - We speak
| φέρνετε ('fernete) || férnete || you bring
|-
|-
| Εσείς || -ετε || μιλάτε (miláte) - You all speak
| μιλάτε ('miláte) || miláte || you speak
|-
|-
| Αυτοί/Αυτές/Αυτά || -ουν || μιλούν (miloun) - They speak
| αγαπάτε ('agapáte) || agapáte || you love
|}
|}


As mentioned earlier, irregular verbs have different stem forms that do not follow the usual verb patterns. Here is an example table of irregular verbs:
=== Third Person Plural ===
 
In the third person plural, we use the ending -ουν (-oun). Here are a few examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Verb !! Stem !! Example verb form
! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Έχω (ého) || Ε || έχω (écho) - I have
| φέρνουν ('fernoun) || férnoun || they bring
|-
|-
| Πηγαίνω (peyéno) || Πηγαίν- || πηγαίνω (peyéno) - I go
| μιλάνε ('miláne) || miláne || they speak
|-
|-
| Είμαι (íme) || Εισ- || είμαι (íme) - I am
| αγαπάνε ('agapáne) || agapáne || they love
|}
|}


Now that you know how to form the present tense, let's look at when to use it.
== Using the Present Tense ==


== Usage of the Simple Present Tense ==
Now that you know how to form the present tense, let's see how it is used in sentences. In addition to describing actions that are happening now or situations that are currently true, the present tense is also used to talk about habitual actions or general truths.


Use the simple present tense when talking about:
=== Habitual Actions ===


* Actions happening now: "Βλέπω τηλεόραση" (Vlépo tileórasi) - I am watching television.
When using the present tense to talk about habitual actions, we often use adverbs or time expressions to indicate frequency. Here are a few examples:
* Habits/Regular occurrences: "Κάθομαι στο γραφείο" (Kathómé sto grafió ) - I sit in the office.
* General truths: "Η Γη περιστρέφεται γύρω από τον Ήλιο" (I Gi peristréfetai gýro apó ton Ílio) - The Earth orbits around the Sun.
* Events that will happen in the future: "Αναχωρώ αύριο το πρωί" (Anachoró ávrio to proí) - I leave early tomorrow morning.


== Examples ==
# κάθε πρωί, πηγαίνω στο γυμναστήριο  (káthe proí pigènw sto ymnastírio ) - I go to the gym every morning.
# Τρώω υγιεινά. (Tróo yiiná) - I eat healthily.
# Πάντα πίνουμε τον καφέ μας το πρωί. (Pánta pínume ton kafé mas to proí) - We always drink our coffee in the morning.


Here are some examples of verbs in the present tense:
=== General Truths ===
 
The present tense is also used to express general truths or universal facts. Here are a few examples:
 
# Η γη γυρίζει γύρω από τον ήλιο. (I yi yirízi yíro apó ton ílio) - The Earth revolves around the sun.
# Το νερό βράζει στους 100 βαθμούς Κελσίου. (To neró vrázi stous 100 vathmús Kelsíou) - Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
# Ο άνθρωπος αναπνέει για να ζήσει. (O ánthropos anapnéi ya na zísi) - Humans breathe to live.
 
== Irregular Verbs ==
 
While most verbs follow the regular patterns for conjugation in the present tense, there are some irregular verbs that have unique forms. Here are a few examples:
 
* είμαι (íme) - to be


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Greek !! Pronunciation !! English
! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| είμαι ('íme) || íme || I am
|-
| είσαι ('íse) || íse || you are (singular)
|-
|-
| Μιλάω (Miláo) || miˈla.o || I speak
| είναι ('íne) || íne || he/she/it is
|-
|-
| Φτιάχνω (Ftiáhno) || ftiˈa.no || I make
| είμαστε ('ímaste) || ímaste || we are
|-
|-
| Τρώω (Tróo) || trɔ.ɔ || I eat
| είσαστε / είστε ('íste) || issaste / íste || you are (plural)
|-
|-
| Σηκώνω (Sikóno) || siˈko.no || I lift
| είναι ('íne) || íne || they are
|}
|}


== Tips for Learning the Present Tense ==
* έχω (ého) - to have


Here are some tips that will help you master the present tense:
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English
1. Practice forming regular and irregular verbs in the present tense daily.
|-
2. Pay attention to the gender of the subject, especially with irregular verbs.
| έχω ('ého) || ého || I have
3. Try and build vocabulary around regular verbs and the present tense. This will help you remember the pronunciation of the verbs and the forms quickly.
|-
4. Listen to Greek speakers and analyze the verb forms they are using.
| έχεις ('éhis) || éhis || you have (singular)
|-
| έχει ('éhi) || éhi || he/she/it has
|-
| έχουμε ('éhoume) || éhoume || we have
|-
| έχετε ('éhete) || éhete || you have (plural)
|-
| έχουν ('éhoun) || éhoun || they have
|}


== Conclusion ==
== Conclusion ==


In this lesson, you have learned how to form and use the simple present tense in Modern Greek. Remember that practice is key to mastering this tense. We hope this lesson has been helpful to you in your journey to learn Modern Greek.
Congratulations on completing the lesson on the present tense in Modern Greek! You have learned how to form the present tense for different persons and use it to describe actions happening now, habitual actions, and general truths. Make sure to practice using the present tense in various contexts to improve your fluency and accuracy. Keep up the good work, and soon you will be confidently using the present tense in your conversations in Modern Greek!
 


<span link>Impressive work on finishing this lesson! Explore these additional pages to enhance your understanding: [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Greek-Letters-and-Pronunciation|Greek Letters and Pronunciation]] & [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Present-perfect-and-past-perfect-tense|Present perfect and past perfect tense]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Modern Greek (1453-) Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense
|title=Modern Greek (1453-) Grammar → Present Tense
|keywords=Modern Greek verbs, Modern Greek present tense, Modern Greek grammar, Modern Greek conjugation rules
|keywords=Modern Greek, present tense, grammar, verb conjugation, irregular verbs
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the present tense of verbs in Modern Greek. You will learn how to conjugate regular verbs, irregular verbs and stem-changing verbs in Modern Greek.  
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the present tense of verbs in Modern Greek. The present tense is used to describe actions that are happening now or situations that are currently true. It is an essential part of everyday communication, so mastering the present tense will greatly improve your ability to express yourself in Modern Greek.
}}
}}


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[[Category:Modern-greek-1453-0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Modern-greek-1453-0-to-A1-Course]]
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==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Comparative-and-Superlative-Adjectives|Comparative and Superlative Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/The-predicate|The predicate]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Writing-and-spelling|Writing and spelling]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Paronyms-and-Homonyms|Paronyms and Homonyms]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Definite-and-Indefinite-Articles|Definite and Indefinite Articles]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Direct-and-indirect-speech|Direct and indirect speech]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/The-Greek-sentence-types|The Greek sentence types]]


{{Modern-greek-1453-Page-Bottom}}
{{Modern-greek-1453-Page-Bottom}}

Latest revision as of 15:43, 15 June 2023

◀️ Ordering in a Restaurant — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

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Modern Greek (1453-) Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense


Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on the present tense in Modern Greek! In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the present tense of verbs in Modern Greek. The present tense is used to describe actions that are happening now or situations that are currently true. It is an essential part of everyday communication, so mastering the present tense will greatly improve your ability to express yourself in Modern Greek.

Forming the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

When a verb is conjugated, we notice, we find that some part stays the same and some change

The present tense is formed by adding specific endings to the theme of the verb. The theme is the part of the verb that remains unchanged, while the endings indicate the subject and person performing the action. Let's take a look at the different verb endings in the present tense for each person.

e.g.  

δέν-ω (bind)

δέν-εις

δέν-ει

δέν-ουμε

δένετ-ε

δέν-ουν

The part that changes : ω, -εις,-ει, -ουμε, -ετε, -ουν is called ending.

The part that remains constant (δέν-) is called theme.

The last sound of the theme - ν - is called the character.

* Note: The same thing is observed for the noun, the adjective, the pronoun and the participle.

The tenses are formed by three different subjects:

1. the present tense

2. the aorist (active infinitive)

3. the aorist (passive infinitive)

  • The theme is an absolutely necessary element for the existence of a word.
  • It is possible to have words without prefixes or suffixes (eg. άνθρωπ-ος: human).
  • it is possible to exist words even without inflectional suffixes (eg. χτες /χθες : yesterday).
  • But it is not possible to exist words or verbs without theme.
  • Times referring to the present and future are called arctic, while times referring to the past are called historical in greek

First Person Singular[edit | edit source]

In the first person singular, we use the ending -ω (-o) for verbs ending in -ω (-o) and -ώ (-ó) for verbs ending in a vowel or a consonant. Here are a few examples to illustrate this:

Modern Greek (1453-) Pronunciation English
φέρνω ('ferno) férno I bring
μιλώ ('milo) mílo I speak
αγαπώ ('agapó) agapó I love

Second Person Singular[edit | edit source]

In the second person singular, we use the ending -εις (-is). Here are a few examples:

Modern Greek (1453-) Pronunciation English
φέρνεις ('fernis) férnis you bring
μιλείς ('mílis) mílis you speak
αγαπείς ('agapís) agapís you love

Third Person Singular[edit | edit source]

In the third person singular, we use the ending -ει (-i) for verbs ending in -ω (-o) and -εί (-í) for verbs ending in a vowel or a consonant. Here are a few examples:

Modern Greek (1453-) Pronunciation English
φέρνει ('ferní) férni he/she/it brings
μιλάει ('milái) milái he/she/it speaks
αγαπάει ('agapái) agapái he/she/it loves

First Person Plural[edit | edit source]

In the first person plural, we use the ending -ουμε (-oume). Here are a few examples:

Modern Greek (1453-) Pronunciation English
φέρνουμε ('fernoume) férnoume we bring
μιλάμε ('miláme) miláme we speak
αγαπάμε ('agapáme) agapáme we love

Second Person Plural[edit | edit source]

In the second person plural, we use the ending -ετε (-ete). Here are a few examples:

Modern Greek (1453-) Pronunciation English
φέρνετε ('fernete) férnete you bring
μιλάτε ('miláte) miláte you speak
αγαπάτε ('agapáte) agapáte you love

Third Person Plural[edit | edit source]

In the third person plural, we use the ending -ουν (-oun). Here are a few examples:

Modern Greek (1453-) Pronunciation English
φέρνουν ('fernoun) férnoun they bring
μιλάνε ('miláne) miláne they speak
αγαπάνε ('agapáne) agapáne they love

Using the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

Now that you know how to form the present tense, let's see how it is used in sentences. In addition to describing actions that are happening now or situations that are currently true, the present tense is also used to talk about habitual actions or general truths.

Habitual Actions[edit | edit source]

When using the present tense to talk about habitual actions, we often use adverbs or time expressions to indicate frequency. Here are a few examples:

  1. κάθε πρωί, πηγαίνω στο γυμναστήριο (káthe proí pigènw sto ymnastírio ) - I go to the gym every morning.
  2. Τρώω υγιεινά. (Tróo yiiná) - I eat healthily.
  3. Πάντα πίνουμε τον καφέ μας το πρωί. (Pánta pínume ton kafé mas to proí) - We always drink our coffee in the morning.

General Truths[edit | edit source]

The present tense is also used to express general truths or universal facts. Here are a few examples:

  1. Η γη γυρίζει γύρω από τον ήλιο. (I yi yirízi yíro apó ton ílio) - The Earth revolves around the sun.
  2. Το νερό βράζει στους 100 βαθμούς Κελσίου. (To neró vrázi stous 100 vathmús Kelsíou) - Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
  3. Ο άνθρωπος αναπνέει για να ζήσει. (O ánthropos anapnéi ya na zísi) - Humans breathe to live.

Irregular Verbs[edit | edit source]

While most verbs follow the regular patterns for conjugation in the present tense, there are some irregular verbs that have unique forms. Here are a few examples:

  • είμαι (íme) - to be
Modern Greek (1453-) Pronunciation English
είμαι ('íme) íme I am
είσαι ('íse) íse you are (singular)
είναι ('íne) íne he/she/it is
είμαστε ('ímaste) ímaste we are
είσαστε / είστε ('íste) issaste / íste you are (plural)
είναι ('íne) íne they are
  • έχω (ého) - to have
Modern Greek (1453-) Pronunciation English
έχω ('ého) ého I have
έχεις ('éhis) éhis you have (singular)
έχει ('éhi) éhi he/she/it has
έχουμε ('éhoume) éhoume we have
έχετε ('éhete) éhete you have (plural)
έχουν ('éhoun) éhoun they have

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations on completing the lesson on the present tense in Modern Greek! You have learned how to form the present tense for different persons and use it to describe actions happening now, habitual actions, and general truths. Make sure to practice using the present tense in various contexts to improve your fluency and accuracy. Keep up the good work, and soon you will be confidently using the present tense in your conversations in Modern Greek!

Table of Contents - Modern Greek (1453-) Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Greek Alphabet


Basic Greetings and Phrases


Nouns and Articles


Numbers and Time


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Verbs and Tenses


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Family and Relationships


Greek Traditions and Customs


Greek History and Geography



◀️ Ordering in a Restaurant — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

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