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Revision as of 14:08, 14 June 2023
| ◀️ Ordering in a Restaurant — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️ |
Introduction
Welcome to the lesson on the present tense in Modern Greek! In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the present tense of verbs in Modern Greek. The present tense is used to describe actions that are happening now or situations that are currently true. It is an essential part of everyday communication, so mastering the present tense will greatly improve your ability to express yourself in Modern Greek.
Forming the Present Tense
In Modern Greek, the present tense is formed by adding specific endings to the stem of the verb. The stem is the part of the verb that remains unchanged, while the endings indicate the subject and person performing the action. Let's take a look at the different verb endings in the present tense for each person.
First Person Singular
In the first person singular, we use the ending -ω (-o) for verbs ending in -ω (-o) and -ώ (-ó) for verbs ending in a vowel or a consonant. Here are a few examples to illustrate this:
| Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| φέρνω ('ferno) | férno | I bring |
| μιλώ ('milo) | mílo | I speak |
| αγαπώ ('agapó) | agapó | I love |
Second Person Singular
In the second person singular, we use the ending -εις (-is). Here are a few examples:
| Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| φέρνεις ('fernis) | férnis | you bring |
| μιλείς ('mílis) | mílis | you speak |
| αγαπείς ('agapís) | agapís | you love |
Third Person Singular
In the third person singular, we use the ending -ει (-i) for verbs ending in -ω (-o) and -εί (-í) for verbs ending in a vowel or a consonant. Here are a few examples:
| Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| φέρνει ('ferní) | férni | he/she/it brings |
| μιλάει ('milái) | milái | he/she/it speaks |
| αγαπάει ('agapái) | agapái | he/she/it loves |
First Person Plural
In the first person plural, we use the ending -ουμε (-oume). Here are a few examples:
| Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| φέρνουμε ('fernoume) | férnoume | we bring |
| μιλάμε ('miláme) | miláme | we speak |
| αγαπάμε ('agapáme) | agapáme | we love |
Second Person Plural
In the second person plural, we use the ending -ετε (-ete). Here are a few examples:
| Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| φέρνετε ('fernete) | férnete | you bring |
| μιλάτε ('miláte) | miláte | you speak |
| αγαπάτε ('agapáte) | agapáte | you love |
Third Person Plural
In the third person plural, we use the ending -ουν (-oun). Here are a few examples:
| Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| φέρνουν ('fernoun) | férnoun | they bring |
| μιλάνε ('miláne) | miláne | they speak |
| αγαπάνε ('agapáne) | agapáne | they love |
Using the Present Tense
Now that you know how to form the present tense, let's see how it is used in sentences. In addition to describing actions that are happening now or situations that are currently true, the present tense is also used to talk about habitual actions or general truths.
Habitual Actions
When using the present tense to talk about habitual actions, we often use adverbs or time expressions to indicate frequency. Here are a few examples:
- Πηγαίνω στο γυμναστήριο κάθε πρωί. (Píno sto ymnastírio káthe proí) - I go to the gym every morning.
- Τρώω υγιεινά. (Tróo yiiná) - I eat healthily.
- Πάντα πίνουμε τον καφέ μας το πρωί. (Pánta pínume ton kafé mas to proí) - We always drink our coffee in the morning.
General Truths
The present tense is also used to express general truths or universal facts. Here are a few examples:
- Η γη γυρίζει γύρω από τον ήλιο. (I yi yirízi yíro apó ton ílio) - The Earth revolves around the sun.
- Το νερό βράζει στους 100 βαθμούς Κελσίου. (To neró vrázi stous 100 vathmús Kelsíou) - Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
- Ο άνθρωπος αναπνέει για να ζήσει. (O ánthropos anapnéi ya na zísi) - Humans breathe to live.
Irregular Verbs
While most verbs follow the regular patterns for conjugation in the present tense, there are some irregular verbs that have unique forms. Here are a few examples:
- είμαι (íme) - to be
| Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| είμαι ('íme) | íme | I am |
| είσαι ('íse) | íse | you are (singular) |
| είναι ('íne) | íne | he/she/it is |
| είμαστε ('ímaste) | ímaste | we are |
| είστε ('íste) | íste | you are (plural) |
| είναι ('íne) | íne | they are |
- έχω (ého) - to have
| Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| έχω ('ého) | ého | I have |
| έχεις ('éhis) | éhis | you have (singular) |
| έχει ('éhi) | éhi | he/she/it has |
| έχουμε ('éhoume) | éhoume | we have |
| έχετε ('éhete) | éhete | you have (plural) |
| έχουν ('éhoun) | éhoun | they have |
Conclusion
Congratulations on completing the lesson on the present tense in Modern Greek! You have learned how to form the present tense for different persons and use it to describe actions happening now, habitual actions, and general truths. Make sure to practice using the present tense in various contexts to improve your fluency and accuracy. Keep up the good work, and soon you will be confidently using the present tense in your conversations in Modern Greek!
| ◀️ Ordering in a Restaurant — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️ |