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<div | <div class="pg_page_title"> The Conjugation System in Georgian</div> | ||
The Georgian verb has three series and 11 so called mts’krivi or screeves (rows) of conjugation. There are 11 rows of conjugation in Georgian. | The Georgian verb has three series and 11 so called mts’krivi or screeves (rows) of conjugation. There are 11 rows of conjugation in Georgian. | ||
__TOC__ | |||
<span link>Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson:</span> [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]], [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Comparison|Georgian Grammar → Adjectives and Adverbs → Comparison]], [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Derivation|Derivation]] & [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Nominative-Case|Nominative Case]]. | |||
==I Series== | ==I Series== | ||
ats’mq’o – Present Indicative – is indefinite or present continuous, narrative (vkhat’av – I paint / I am painting). Sometimes these forms without a preverb may be polysemantic with a meaning of future tense: vkhat’av – now and vkhat’av – tomorrow. | ats’mq’o – Present Indicative – is indefinite or present continuous, narrative (vkhat’av – I paint / I am painting). Sometimes these forms without a preverb may be polysemantic with a meaning of future tense: vkhat’av – now and vkhat’av – tomorrow. | ||
uts’q’vet’eli – Imperfect – is past continuous, narrative (vkhat’avdi – I was painting). | uts’q’vet’eli – Imperfect – is past continuous, narrative (vkhat’avdi – I was painting). | ||
ats’mq’os k’avshirebiti – Present Subjunctive – is the present subjunctive (vkhat’avde – if I paint / if I were painting). | ats’mq’os k’avshirebiti – Present Subjunctive – is the present subjunctive (vkhat’avde – if I paint / if I were painting). | ||
mq’opadi – Future Indicative – is the imperfect future indefinite, narrative (davkhat’av – I will paint). | mq’opadi – Future Indicative – is the imperfect future indefinite, narrative (davkhat’av – I will paint). | ||
kholmeobiti – Conditional – is the future in the past conditional (davkhat’avdi – I would paint). | kholmeobiti – Conditional – is the future in the past conditional (davkhat’avdi – I would paint). | ||
mq’opadis k’avshirebiti – Future Subjunctive – is the future subjunctive, conditional (davkha’tavde – if I were to paint). | mq’opadis k’avshirebiti – Future Subjunctive – is the future subjunctive, conditional (davkha’tavde – if I were to paint). | ||
==II Series== | ==II Series== | ||
ts’q’vet’ili / aoristi – Aorist Indicative – is the general past, narrative: (da)vkhat’e – I have painted / I painted. It could be in the present/past perfect with preverbs. | ts’q’vet’ili / aoristi – Aorist Indicative – is the general past, narrative: (da)vkhat’e – I have painted / I painted. It could be in the present/past perfect with preverbs. | ||
II k’avshirebiti – Optative – is the future subjunctive: (da)vkhat’o – I should paint. It could also be in the present/past perfect with preverbs. | II k’avshirebiti – Optative – is the future subjunctive: (da)vkhat’o – I should paint. It could also be in the present/past perfect with preverbs. | ||
==III Series == | ==III Series == | ||
I turmeobiti – Perfect – is the past narrative (the subject can hardly believe in his act: turme – it seems): (da)mikhat’avs – it seems I painted / I have/had painted. It could be in the present/past perfect with preverbs. | I turmeobiti – Perfect – is the past narrative (the subject can hardly believe in his act: turme – it seems): (da)mikhat’avs – it seems I painted / I have/had painted. It could be in the present/past perfect with preverbs. | ||
II turmeobiti – Pluperfect – and III k’avshirebiti – Perfect Subjunctive – are very close rows; they are future in the past subjunctive conditional: (da)mekhat’a – (da)mekhat’os – if I had painted it. | II turmeobiti – Pluperfect – and III k’avshirebiti – Perfect Subjunctive – are very close rows; they are future in the past subjunctive conditional: (da)mekhat’a – (da)mekhat’os – if I had painted it. | ||
The subjunctive mood is exposed by the following rows: ats’mq’os k’avshirebiti, kholmeobiti, mq’opadis k’avshirebiti, II k’avshirebiti and III k’avshirebiti. | The subjunctive mood is exposed by the following rows: ats’mq’os k’avshirebiti, kholmeobiti, mq’opadis k’avshirebiti, II k’avshirebiti and III k’avshirebiti. | ||
The imperatives in modern Georgian don’t have special rows. They use the following rows: | The imperatives in modern Georgian don’t have special rows. They use the following rows: | ||
a) ts’q’vet’ili – dakhat’e! | a) ts’q’vet’ili – dakhat’e! | ||
b) II k’avshirebiti – for the I and the III persons – (ar) davkhat’ot! (ar) dakhat’on! For negative imperatives of the II person – ar (da)khat’ot! | b) II k’avshirebiti – for the I and the III persons – (ar) davkhat’ot! (ar) dakhat’on! For negative imperatives of the II person – ar (da)khat’ot! | ||
c) mq’opadi is seldom used, only for very categorical orders – (ar) davkhat’av! | c) mq’opadi is seldom used, only for very categorical orders – (ar) davkhat’av! | ||
Negative forms are produced by adding “ar” or “ver”. “ar” is more categorical. | Negative forms are produced by adding “ar” or “ver”. “ar” is more categorical. | ||
Compare: | Compare: | ||
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*ar davkhat’av – I will not paint | *ar davkhat’av – I will not paint | ||
*ver davkhat’av – I can’t paint | *ver davkhat’av – I can’t paint | ||
==Indefinite== | ==Indefinite== | ||
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4. Future in the past – II turmeobiti / III k’avshirebiti | 4. Future in the past – II turmeobiti / III k’avshirebiti | ||
==Perfect== | ==Perfect== | ||
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4. Future in the past – II turmeobiti / III k’avshirebiti | 4. Future in the past – II turmeobiti / III k’avshirebiti | ||
==Perfect-continuous == | ==Perfect-continuous == | ||
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==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf | http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf | ||
==Other Lessons== | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Adverbial-forms-"to-have-breakfast,-dinner,-lunch-and-supper"|Adverbial forms "to have breakfast, dinner, lunch and supper"]] | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Cases-of-the-subject-and-direct-object-with-transitive-verbs|Cases of the subject and direct object with transitive verbs]] | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Adverbs-produced-from-Adjectives|Adverbs produced from Adjectives]] | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]] | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Postpositions-of-the-Genitive|Postpositions of the Genitive]] | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Noun-Inflection|Noun Inflection]] | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Adverbs-of-Time|Adverbs of Time]] | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Inflection-of-adjectives-with-nouns|Inflection of adjectives with nouns]] | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Verbs-Destination-System|Verbs Destination System]] | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/The-adverbial-case|The adverbial case]] | |||
<span links></span> |
Latest revision as of 10:51, 8 May 2023
The Georgian verb has three series and 11 so called mts’krivi or screeves (rows) of conjugation. There are 11 rows of conjugation in Georgian.
Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: Future Tense, Georgian Grammar → Adjectives and Adverbs → Comparison, Derivation & Nominative Case.
I Series[edit | edit source]
ats’mq’o – Present Indicative – is indefinite or present continuous, narrative (vkhat’av – I paint / I am painting). Sometimes these forms without a preverb may be polysemantic with a meaning of future tense: vkhat’av – now and vkhat’av – tomorrow.
uts’q’vet’eli – Imperfect – is past continuous, narrative (vkhat’avdi – I was painting).
ats’mq’os k’avshirebiti – Present Subjunctive – is the present subjunctive (vkhat’avde – if I paint / if I were painting).
mq’opadi – Future Indicative – is the imperfect future indefinite, narrative (davkhat’av – I will paint).
kholmeobiti – Conditional – is the future in the past conditional (davkhat’avdi – I would paint).
mq’opadis k’avshirebiti – Future Subjunctive – is the future subjunctive, conditional (davkha’tavde – if I were to paint).
II Series[edit | edit source]
ts’q’vet’ili / aoristi – Aorist Indicative – is the general past, narrative: (da)vkhat’e – I have painted / I painted. It could be in the present/past perfect with preverbs.
II k’avshirebiti – Optative – is the future subjunctive: (da)vkhat’o – I should paint. It could also be in the present/past perfect with preverbs.
III Series[edit | edit source]
I turmeobiti – Perfect – is the past narrative (the subject can hardly believe in his act: turme – it seems): (da)mikhat’avs – it seems I painted / I have/had painted. It could be in the present/past perfect with preverbs.
II turmeobiti – Pluperfect – and III k’avshirebiti – Perfect Subjunctive – are very close rows; they are future in the past subjunctive conditional: (da)mekhat’a – (da)mekhat’os – if I had painted it.
The subjunctive mood is exposed by the following rows: ats’mq’os k’avshirebiti, kholmeobiti, mq’opadis k’avshirebiti, II k’avshirebiti and III k’avshirebiti.
The imperatives in modern Georgian don’t have special rows. They use the following rows:
a) ts’q’vet’ili – dakhat’e!
b) II k’avshirebiti – for the I and the III persons – (ar) davkhat’ot! (ar) dakhat’on! For negative imperatives of the II person – ar (da)khat’ot!
c) mq’opadi is seldom used, only for very categorical orders – (ar) davkhat’av!
Negative forms are produced by adding “ar” or “ver”. “ar” is more categorical.
Compare:
- ar davkhat’av – I will not paint
- ver davkhat’av – I can’t paint
Indefinite[edit | edit source]
1. Present – ats’mq’o
2. Past – ts’q’vet’ili (aoristi)
3. Future – mq’opadi
4. Future in the past – kholmeobiti
Continuous[edit | edit source]
1. Present – ats’mq’o
2. Past – uts’q’vet’eli
3. Future – ats’mq’o
4. Future in the past – II turmeobiti / III k’avshirebiti
Perfect[edit | edit source]
1. Present – ts’q’vet’ili (aoristi) or I turmeobiti
2. Past – ts’q’vet’ili (aoristi) or I turmeobiti
3. Future – mq’opadi
4. Future in the past – II turmeobiti / III k’avshirebiti
Perfect-continuous[edit | edit source]
1. Present – uts’q’vet’eli
2. Past – uts’q’vet’eli
3. Future – mq’opadi
4. Future in the past – II turmeobiti / III k’avshirebiti
Sources[edit | edit source]
http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Adverbial forms "to have breakfast, dinner, lunch and supper"
- Cases of the subject and direct object with transitive verbs
- Adverbs produced from Adjectives
- Nouns
- Postpositions of the Genitive
- Noun Inflection
- Adverbs of Time
- Inflection of adjectives with nouns
- Verbs Destination System
- The adverbial case