Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots

Must-know words for polyglots.

Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.

In progress.

Remember: you don't have to memorise them all in a single time.

If you are interested in terms, see https://glossary.sil.org/term

To know a relatively clear categorization of linguistics, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_linguistics#Branches_of_linguistics

linguistics theoretical linguistics phonology morphology syntax sematics pragmatics discriptive linguistics anthropological linguistics historical linguistics phonetics etymology sociallinguistics applied linguistics computational linguistics neurolinguistics psycholinguistics rhetoric orthography lexicology lexicography stylistics semiotics	Linguistics and its best-known branches. Semiotics is not a part of linguistics, but it is closely related to linguistics.
pidgin creole variety dialect register standard language	Language and its similar words in definition.
phone consonant pulmonic consonant non–pulmonic consonant ejective consonant click consonant implosive consonant place of articulation labial consonant bilabial consonant labial–velar consonant labial–coronal consonant labiodental consonant bidental consonant coronal consonant linguolabial consonant interdental consonant dental consonant denti–alveolar consonant alveolar consonant coronal–velar consonant postalveolar consonant palato–alveolar consonant retroflex consonant dorsal consonant postalveolar consonant alveolar–palatal consonant palatal consonant labial–palatal consonant uvular consonant uvular–epiglottal consonant laryngeal consonant pharyngeal consonant glottal cconsonant peripheral consonant manner of articulation obstruent stop consonant affricate consonant fricative consonant sibilant sonorant* nasal consonant approximant consonant semivowel vibrant consonant flap/tap consonant trill consonant liquid consonant rhotic consonant lateral consonant occlusive continuant vowel phoneme syllable letter letter case diacritic alphabet International Phonetic Alphabet
lemma lexeme root morpheme cognate false friend anglicism loadword
affix prefix suffix infix circumfix interfix duplifix transfix simulfix suprafix disfix
parse tree constituency-based parse tree dependency-based parse tree
function word content word
part of speech adverb conjunction interjection contraction particle classifier clitic numeral cardinal number ordinal number multiplier distributive number nominal number adjective attributive adjective predicative adjective nominal adjectives determiner article definite article indifinite article zero article demonstrative determiner possessive determiner quantifier adposition preposition postposition circumposition noun countable noun uncountable noun collective noun abstract noun concrete noun common noun proper noun pronoun personal pronoun reflexive pronoun reciprocal pronoun relative pronoun verb impersonal verb intransitive verb transitive verb ditransitive verb tritransitive verb modal verb reflexive verb auxiliary verb finite verb nonfinite verb infinitive participle gerund
phrase adverbial phrase adjective phrase noun phrase adposition phrase verb phrase clause argument clause adjuctive clause predicative clause dependent clause independent clause sentence simple sentence compound sentence complex sentence compound–complex sentence declaritive sentence interrogative sentence exclamatory sentence imperative sentence instructive sentence major sentence minor sentence
punctuation comma period exclamation mark question mark colon semicolon quotation mark guillemets apostrophe hyphen dash ellipsis slash brackets round brackets curly brackets square brackets interpunct space
grammatical category person first person second person third person subject object valency honorifics gender masculine feminine neuter animate inanimate case nominative case accusative case dative case ablative case genitive case vocative case locative case instrumental case oblique case tense past tense present tense future tense aspect simple aspect progressive aspect & continous aspect perfect aspect mood realis mood indicative mood energenic mood irrealis mood subjunctive mood conditional mood optative mood imperative mood interrogative mood jussive mood potential mood desiderative mood voice active voice passive voice inflection conjugation declension comparison positive comparative superlative polarity affirmation negation number singular plural clusivity animacy telicity serial verb construction
linguistic typology word order analystic language isolating language synthetic language fusional language agglutinative language polysynthetic language
grammar
predicate complement attributive adverbial copula apposition
idiom
linguistic relativity
Rosetta Stone

*sonorant also includes the vowel.