Difference between revisions of "Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Separable-verbs"
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In today's lesson, we will teach you how to use certain kinds of verbs that still need a complement. | In today's lesson, we will teach you how to use certain kinds of verbs that still need a complement. | ||
“Separable words”(离合詞/离合词, líhécí) or “separable verbs”(离合動詞/离合动词, líhédòngcí) get their name from their ability to "separate" into two parts (a verb part and an object part), may with other words in between. In fact, you could also simply call separable verbs "verb-object phrases". Some linguistics consider a “separable words” or “verb-object phrase” as two words, the other consider it as a phrase. | |||
Feel free to edit this wiki page, if you think it can be improved. | Feel free to edit this wiki page, if you think it can be improved. | ||
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<blockquote>I speak Chinese.</blockquote> | <blockquote>I speak Chinese.</blockquote> | ||
But if we simply mean | But if we simply mean “talk”, we must add a “standard complement”: <span class="notranslate">話/话 (huà)</span>. | ||
To say | To say “He speaks”, we have to use <span class="notranslate">他說話。/他说话。 (Tā shuō huà.)</span> and not simply <span class="notranslate">他說。/他说。 (Tā shuō.)</span>. | ||
We also have already seen | We also have already seen “write” <span class="notranslate">寫/写 (xiě)</span> which requires the standard complement <span class="notranslate">字 (zì)</span>: | ||
*<span class="notranslate">她寫字。/她写字。 (Tā xiě zì.)</span>. | *<span class="notranslate">她寫字。/她写字。 (Tā xiě zì.)</span>. | ||
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As is said, there can be other words in between of the verb and the object. Let's see how it works: | As is said, there can be other words in between of the verb and the object. Let's see how it works: | ||
*<span class="notranslate"> | *<span class="notranslate">我上了節課。/我上了节课。 (Wǒ shàng le kè.)</span> | ||
<blockquote>I went to class.</blockquote> | <blockquote>I went to class.</blockquote> | ||
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#directional verb | #directional verb | ||
#classifier | #classifier | ||
Separable words can be classified into three categories: | |||
#predicative and object, e.g. 洗澡, 道歉 | |||
#verb and result, e.g. 看見/看见, 撥動/拨动 | |||
#verb and directional verb, e.g. 出來/出来, 分開/分开 | |||
In dictionaries, a combination of a separable verb and an object are noted with “//” between their pinyin. | In dictionaries, a combination of a separable verb and an object are noted with “//” between their pinyin. |
Revision as of 14:17, 17 November 2018
Hello everybody!
In today's lesson, we will teach you how to use certain kinds of verbs that still need a complement.
“Separable words”(离合詞/离合词, líhécí) or “separable verbs”(离合動詞/离合动词, líhédòngcí) get their name from their ability to "separate" into two parts (a verb part and an object part), may with other words in between. In fact, you could also simply call separable verbs "verb-object phrases". Some linguistics consider a “separable words” or “verb-object phrase” as two words, the other consider it as a phrase.
Feel free to edit this wiki page, if you think it can be improved.
Object verbs
If the verb 說/说 (shuō) "to speak" is followed by a complement, it is used alone:
- 我說漢語/我说汉语。 (Wǒ shuō hànyǔ.)
I speak Chinese.
But if we simply mean “talk”, we must add a “standard complement”: 話/话 (huà).
To say “He speaks”, we have to use 他說話。/他说话。 (Tā shuō huà.) and not simply 他說。/他说。 (Tā shuō.).
We also have already seen “write” 寫/写 (xiě) which requires the standard complement 字 (zì):
- 她寫字。/她写字。 (Tā xiě zì.).
She writes.
Attention, it is absolutely necessary to remove the standard complement when another complement is specified.
The following sentence is therefore false: 他說話漢語/他说话汉语。 (Tā shuō huà hànyǔ.)
A verb-object may be heard alone, but in this case the complement is implied:
- (漢語)我會說,不會寫。/(汉语)我会说,不会写。 [(Hànyǔ) wǒ huì shuō, bú huì xiě]
(Chinese) I can speak it, but not write it.
As is said, there can be other words in between of the verb and the object. Let's see how it works:
- 我上了節課。/我上了节课。 (Wǒ shàng le kè.)
I went to class.
Words can be added between a separable verb and an object are:
- 不 (bù)
- 得 (de)
- 了 (le)
- 著/着 (zhe)
- 過/过 (guò)
- result complement
- directional verb
- classifier
Separable words can be classified into three categories:
- predicative and object, e.g. 洗澡, 道歉
- verb and result, e.g. 看見/看见, 撥動/拨动
- verb and directional verb, e.g. 出來/出来, 分開/分开
In dictionaries, a combination of a separable verb and an object are noted with “//” between their pinyin.
Main Separable Verbs
Chinese | Pinyin (dictionary form) | Translation |
---|---|---|
上课 | shàng//kè | to have a class |
住院 | zhù//yuàn | to be hospitalised |
发烧 | fā//shāo | to get a fever |
吃饭 | chī//fàn | to eat |
开学 | kāi//xué | to start a new term of school |
开车 | kāi//chē | to drive |
打的 | dǎ//dī | to get a taxi |
游泳 | yóu//yǒng | to swim |
看病 | kàn//bìng | to see a doctor |
睡觉 | shuì//jiào | to sleep |
聊天 | liáo//tiān | to chat |
说话 | shuō//huà | to speak |
起床 | qǐ//chuáng | to get up |
Sources
https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Separable_verb
http://www.chine-culture.com/chinois/cours-de-chinois-6-grammaire.php