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<div class="pg_page_title">Rundi Grammar - Negation</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Rundi Grammar - Negation</div>
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/rundi Rundi] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will be discussing the basics of negation in Rundi. Negation is an important part of any language, and it is essential to understand how to use it correctly in order to communicate effectively. We will look at the different ways to express negation in Rundi, as well as some examples of how to use them. __TOC__


Negation is a way of expressing the opposite of something. In Rundi, there are several ways to express negation. The most common way is to use the particle ''mu'' before the verb. For example:
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/rundi Rundi] learners! 😊<br>
In this lesson, we will talk about negation in Rundi grammar. Negation is an essential part of the language, as it allows you to create negative sentences and express negation, doubt, or possibility. Negation is expressed in Rundi either by using negative words, negative particles, or negating the verb.  


* ''Mu gusaba'' - I don't understand
__TOC__
* ''Mu gushaka'' - I don't want
* ''Mu gukora'' - I don't do


Another way to express negation is to use the particle ''si'' before the verb. This is used to express a stronger negation than ''mu''. For example:


* ''Si gusaba'' - I definitely don't understand
<span link>Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Rundi/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|Say Hello and Greetings in Rundi]], [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]] & [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]].</span>
* ''Si gushaka'' - I definitely don't want
== Negative Words ==
* ''Si gukora'' - I definitely don't do
In Rundi grammar, negative words are used to negate a sentence or part of a sentence. There are three main negative words in Rundi: ntaco, ntaca, and ntahe. These words can be translated as “no,” “not,” or “never” in English.


You can also use the particle ''ha'' before the verb to express a negative command. For example:  
=== Examples ===
The table below shows some examples of negative words and their usage in sentences:


* ''Ha gusaba'' - Don't understand
{| class="wikitable"
* ''Ha gushaka'' - Don't want
! Rundi !! Pronunciation !! English
* ''Ha gukora'' - Don't do
|-
| ntaco || /ntaˈtʃɔ/ || no, not
|-
| ntahe || /ntaˈhɛ/ || never
|-
| ntaça || /ntaˈtʃa/ || not
|-
| ntaco ico || /ntaˈtʃɔ iˈtʃɔ/ || no one
|-
| ntaco se || /ntaˈtʃɔ sɛ/ || not yet
|-
| ntaco kari || /ntaˈtʃɔ kaˈri/ || not at all
|}


Finally, you can use the particle ''na'' before the verb to express a negative question. For example:  
=== Usage ===
To negate a sentence in Rundi, you can use ntaco or ntaça. Ntahe is used to express negation in an absolute sense. For example:


* ''Na gusaba?'' - Don't you understand?  
* Ufise ibintu bmwe? - Do you have anything?
* ''Na gushaka?'' - Don't you want?
* Oya, ntaco nfise nka mutima. - No, I don't have anything in my heart.
* ''Na gukora?'' - Don't you do?
* Noneho ntaco yavuga amagambo. - He is not speaking any words.


It is important to note that the particles ''mu'', ''si'', ''ha'', and ''na'' all have different meanings and should be used accordingly.  
== Negative Particles ==
The second way to negate a sentence in Rundi is to use negative particles. These particles typically come after the verb to negate the sentence.  


== Examples ==
=== Examples ===
The table below shows some examples of negative particles and their usage in sentences:


Here are some examples of how to use negation in Rundi:  
{| class="wikitable"
! Rundi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| nti || /ˈnti/ || not
|-
| ngo || /ˈŋɡo/ || not
|-
| nanje || /naˈɲɛ/ || not
|-
| te || /tɛ/ || not, don't
|}
 
=== Usage ===
To negate a sentence using negative particles, simply add the particle after the verb. For example:
 
* Yavuze nti yarongoye. - He said he didn't lose it.
* Ndabona ngo ntishobora gushaka inda. - I saw that he can't look for the cows.
* Ntacyo nanje ntekereza iki. - I don't know what I can tell you.
* Te mbegaakira ko mukwano. - Don't forget that you are my friend.
 
== Negating the Verbs ==
Negating the verb is another way to express negation in Rundi. Verbs in Rundi can be negated by adding the negative particle "ti" to the stem of the verb.
 
=== Examples ===
The table below shows some examples of negating verbs in Rundi:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Rundi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
! Rundi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
| gutanga || /ɡuˈtaŋɡa/ || to give
|-
|-
| Mu gusaba || moo goo-sah-bah || I don't understand
| ntitanga || /ntiˈtaŋɡa/ || not to give
|-
|-
| Si gushaka || see goo-shah-kah || I definitely don't want
| kurangiza || /kuɾaˈŋɡiza/ || to finish
|-
|-
| Ha gukora || hah goo-koh-rah || Don't do
| ntitangarangiza || /ntiˈtaŋɡarаŋɡiza/ || not to finish
|-
|-
| Na gusaba? || nah goo-sah-bah || Don't you understand?
| kuvwa || /kuˈvwa/ || to hear
|-
|-
| Na gushaka? || nah goo-shah-kah || Don't you want?
| ntivwa || /ntiˈvwa/ || not to hear
|}
|}


== Practice ==
=== Usage ===
To improve your [[Language/Rundi|Rundi]] [[Language/Rundi/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=69 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/rundi/question questions]!
To negate the verb, add the negative particle "ti" to the stem of the verb. It is essential to know the stem of the verb to negating a verb in Rundi. For example:
 
* Mbajije ntitanga ibyaha byose. - I did not give all the sins.
* Ntiyumva ntitango kubonana nawe. - I don't feel like seeing you.
* Ntitangarangiza inkumi, ngaho ntangarangiza n'ibindi. - I did not finish eating, so I didn't finish the rest either.
 
== Conversation ==
Here is an example dialogue to demonstrate negation in action:
 
* Person 1: Wavuze ibintu byinshi kandi baboneye ni we... (You said many things but they are not true)
* Person 2: Harya uyu? (Who is him?)
* Person 1: Uyu wankumbuye... (This one who called me...)
* Person 2: Ntitunda ari ko... (I am not sure it was him...)
 
In this dialogue, you can see the usage of negative particles and negative words in action.
 
== Conclusion ==
Negation is an essential part of Rundi grammar. The use of negative words, particles, and negating the verb are necessary to express negative sentences in Rundi. Keep practicing and don't hesitate to ask questions to [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=69 find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/rundi/question questions]. You can also check the [https://polyglotclub.com/language/rundi/grammar Grammar] section on the Polyglot Club website for more information on Rundi grammar.


<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
<span class='maj'></span>
==Sources==
* [https://www2.lingfil.uu.se/ling/semfiler/Kirundi.pdf Focus constructions in Kirundi]
<span link>Finished this lesson? Check out these related lessons: [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]] & [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/Questions|Questions]].</span>
{{#seo:
|title=Rundi Grammar - Negation
|keywords=Rundi, Rundi Grammar, Negation, Negative Words, Negative Particles
|description=Negation is an essential part of Rundi grammar. The use of negative words, particles, and negating the verb are necessary to express negative sentences in Rundi. Learn more in this lesson!
}}
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]


{{Rundi-Page-Bottom}}
{{Rundi-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 21:27, 27 March 2023

Flag-Burundi.jpg
Rundi Grammar - Negation

Hi Rundi learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will talk about negation in Rundi grammar. Negation is an essential part of the language, as it allows you to create negative sentences and express negation, doubt, or possibility. Negation is expressed in Rundi either by using negative words, negative particles, or negating the verb.


Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: Say Hello and Greetings in Rundi, Give your Opinion & How to Use Be.

Negative Words[edit | edit source]

In Rundi grammar, negative words are used to negate a sentence or part of a sentence. There are three main negative words in Rundi: ntaco, ntaca, and ntahe. These words can be translated as “no,” “not,” or “never” in English.

Examples[edit | edit source]

The table below shows some examples of negative words and their usage in sentences:

Rundi Pronunciation English
ntaco /ntaˈtʃɔ/ no, not
ntahe /ntaˈhɛ/ never
ntaça /ntaˈtʃa/ not
ntaco ico /ntaˈtʃɔ iˈtʃɔ/ no one
ntaco se /ntaˈtʃɔ sɛ/ not yet
ntaco kari /ntaˈtʃɔ kaˈri/ not at all

Usage[edit | edit source]

To negate a sentence in Rundi, you can use ntaco or ntaça. Ntahe is used to express negation in an absolute sense. For example:

  • Ufise ibintu bmwe? - Do you have anything?
  • Oya, ntaco nfise nka mutima. - No, I don't have anything in my heart.
  • Noneho ntaco yavuga amagambo. - He is not speaking any words.

Negative Particles[edit | edit source]

The second way to negate a sentence in Rundi is to use negative particles. These particles typically come after the verb to negate the sentence.

Examples[edit | edit source]

The table below shows some examples of negative particles and their usage in sentences:

Rundi Pronunciation English
nti /ˈnti/ not
ngo /ˈŋɡo/ not
nanje /naˈɲɛ/ not
te /tɛ/ not, don't

Usage[edit | edit source]

To negate a sentence using negative particles, simply add the particle after the verb. For example:

  • Yavuze nti yarongoye. - He said he didn't lose it.
  • Ndabona ngo ntishobora gushaka inda. - I saw that he can't look for the cows.
  • Ntacyo nanje ntekereza iki. - I don't know what I can tell you.
  • Te mbegaakira ko mukwano. - Don't forget that you are my friend.

Negating the Verbs[edit | edit source]

Negating the verb is another way to express negation in Rundi. Verbs in Rundi can be negated by adding the negative particle "ti" to the stem of the verb.

Examples[edit | edit source]

The table below shows some examples of negating verbs in Rundi:

Rundi Pronunciation English
gutanga /ɡuˈtaŋɡa/ to give
ntitanga /ntiˈtaŋɡa/ not to give
kurangiza /kuɾaˈŋɡiza/ to finish
ntitangarangiza /ntiˈtaŋɡarаŋɡiza/ not to finish
kuvwa /kuˈvwa/ to hear
ntivwa /ntiˈvwa/ not to hear

Usage[edit | edit source]

To negate the verb, add the negative particle "ti" to the stem of the verb. It is essential to know the stem of the verb to negating a verb in Rundi. For example:

  • Mbajije ntitanga ibyaha byose. - I did not give all the sins.
  • Ntiyumva ntitango kubonana nawe. - I don't feel like seeing you.
  • Ntitangarangiza inkumi, ngaho ntangarangiza n'ibindi. - I did not finish eating, so I didn't finish the rest either.

Conversation[edit | edit source]

Here is an example dialogue to demonstrate negation in action:

  • Person 1: Wavuze ibintu byinshi kandi baboneye ni we... (You said many things but they are not true)
  • Person 2: Harya uyu? (Who is him?)
  • Person 1: Uyu wankumbuye... (This one who called me...)
  • Person 2: Ntitunda ari ko... (I am not sure it was him...)

In this dialogue, you can see the usage of negative particles and negative words in action.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Negation is an essential part of Rundi grammar. The use of negative words, particles, and negating the verb are necessary to express negative sentences in Rundi. Keep practicing and don't hesitate to ask questions to find native speakers and ask them any questions. You can also check the Grammar section on the Polyglot Club website for more information on Rundi grammar.

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Sources[edit | edit source]


Finished this lesson? Check out these related lessons: How to Use Have & Questions.

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


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