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<div class="pg_page_title">Kabyle Grammar - Negation</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Kabyle Grammar - Negation</div>
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/kabyle Kabyle] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn about negation in Kabyle. We will look at the different ways to express negation in Kabyle and how to use them correctly. __TOC__


Negation is an important part of any language, and Kabyle is no exception. In Kabyle, there are two main ways to express negation: the negative particle ɣer and the negative verb tt-aɣ. Let's take a closer look at each of these.
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/kabyle Kabyle] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn about negation in Kabyle grammar. Negation is an essential part of any language, and Kabyle is not an exception. In Kabyle, negation is used to negate verbs, adjectives, and nouns. During this tutorial, we will cover various aspects of negation, including negating verbs, negating adjectives, and negating nouns. So, don't worry if you don't understand everything at first. With practice, you will become more confident in using negation.  


== Negative Particle ɣer ==
__TOC__
The negative particle ɣer is used to express negation in Kabyle. It is placed before the verb in a sentence and changes the meaning of the sentence from affirmative to negative. For example:


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Kabyle !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| yemma-d !! yemma-d !! She is coming
|-
| ɣer yemma-d !! ɣer yemma-d !! She is not coming
|}


The negative particle ɣer can also be used with adjectives and adverbs. For example:
<span link>After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you: [[Language/Kabyle/Grammar/Kabyle-verb|Kabyle verb]], [[Language/Kabyle/Grammar/Plural|Plural]], [[Language/Kabyle/Grammar/Adverbs|Adverbs]] & [[Language/Kabyle/Grammar/Nouns-and-gender|Nouns and gender]].</span>
== Negating Verbs ==
In Kabyle, negating verbs is straightforward. To negate verbs, we add the negative particle "ur" before the verb. For example, "yesken" means "to eat," and "ur yesken" means "not to eat." Let's take a look at some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Kabyle !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
! Kabyle !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
| yesken || jess-kenn || to eat
|-
| yella-d !! yella-d !! He is tall
|-
|-
| ɣer yella-d !! ɣer yella-d !! He is not tall
| ur yesken || oor-jess-kenn || not to eat
|-
|-
| yemma-d yezmer !! yemma-d yezmer !! She is coming quickly
| rran || rran || to run
|-
|-
| ɣer yemma-d yezmer !! ɣer yemma-d yezmer !! She is not coming quickly
| ur rran || oor-rran || not to run
|}
|}


It is important to note that the negative particle ɣer cannot be used with nouns. For example, the following sentence is incorrect:
Here's a dialogue to see negating verbs in context:


{| class="wikitable"
* Person 1: Sidali yella yelhan! (Sidali is eating!)
|-
* Person 2: Ur yesken, ulac win yemmuten! (He's not eating, he's fasting!)
! Kabyle !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| ɣer tmurt !! ɣer tmurt !! Not country
|}
 
Instead, the negative verb tt-aɣ should be used.


== Negative Verb tt-aɣ ==
== Negating Adjectives ==
The negative verb tt-aɣ is used to express negation in Kabyle. It is placed after the noun in a sentence and changes the meaning of the sentence from affirmative to negative. For example:
Negating adjectives is equally simple. To negate an adjective, we add the negative particle "ur" before the adjective. For example, "tasa" means "hot," and "ur tasa" means "not hot." Let's take a look at some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Kabyle !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
! Kabyle !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
| tasa || ta-sa || hot
|-
|-
| tmurt !! tmurt !! Country
| ur tasa || oor-ta-sa || not hot
|-
|-
| tmurt tt-aɣ !! tmurt tt-aɣ !! Not country
| winna || win-na || beautiful
|-
| ur winna || oor-win-na || not beautiful
|}
|}


The negative verb tt-aɣ can also be used with adjectives and adverbs. For example:
Here's a dialogue to see negating adjectives in context:
 
* Person 1: Yemma yella tasa! (Mom is hot!)
* Person 2: Ur tasa, tseddiḍ fell-i! (Not hot, I'm freezing!)
 
== Negating Nouns ==
Negating nouns is different from negating verbs and adjectives. To negate nouns, we add the negative particle "aru" before the noun. For example, "sem" means "a name," and "aru sem" means "no name." Let's take a look at some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Kabyle !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
! Kabyle !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
| sem || sem || a name
|-
|-
| yella-d !! yella-d !! He is tall
| aru sem || a-roo-sem || no name
|-
|-
| yella-d tt-aɣ !! yella-d tt-aɣ !! He is not tall
| uγur || oo-goor || a house
|-
|-
| yemma-d yezmer !! yemma-d yezmer !! She is coming quickly
| aru uγur || a-roo-oo-goor || no house
|-
| yemma-d yezmer tt-aɣ !! yemma-d yezmer tt-aɣ !! She is not coming quickly
|}
|}


It is important to note that the negative verb tt-aɣ cannot be used with verbs. For example, the following sentence is incorrect:
Here's a dialogue to see negating nouns in context:


{| class="wikitable"
* Person 1: Acu kan akk d-yezzi? (What's his name again?)
|-
* Person 2: Aru sem, medden segmi. (No name, I forgot it.)
! Kabyle !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| yemma-d tt-aɣ !! yemma-d tt-aɣ !! Not coming
|}


Instead, the negative particle ɣer should be used.
Remember, like any language, Kabyle has its own set of rules for negation. However, practice makes perfect, and with time, you will be able to use negation without thinking.  


== Practice ==
To improve your [[Language/Kabyle|Kabyle]] [[Language/Kabyle/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=2840 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/kabyle/question questions]!
Now it's time to practice what you have learned! Try translating the following sentences into Kabyle.


{| class="wikitable"
<span class='maj'></span>
|-
==Sources==
! English !! Kabyle
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabyle_grammar Kabyle grammar - Wikipedia]
|-
* [http://www.serena.unina.it/index.php/jalalit/article/download/8059/8811/ Negation in Kabyle (Berber)]
| She is not coming. || ɣer yemma-d
|-
| He is not tall. || yella-d tt-aɣ
|-
| She is not coming quickly. || ɣer yemma-d yezmer
|-
| Not country. || tmurt tt-aɣ
|-
| He is not coming quickly. || ɣer yemma-d yezmer
|}


If you need more practice, you can find native speakers on [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/kabyle/question questions]!
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabylia Kabylia]  


<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
{{#seo:
|title=Kabyle Grammar - Negation
|keywords=Kabyle, grammar, negation, verb, adjective, noun, practice, Polyglot Club, find native speakers, questions
|description=In this lesson, we will learn about the Kabyle language's negation. Negation is used to negate verbs, adjectives, and nouns. Learn how to negate verbs, adjectives, and nouns, while practicing with dialogue examples!
}}
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Kabyle/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Kabyle/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Kabyle/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Kabyle/Grammar/Exam-2-Kabyle-Noun|Exam 2 Kabyle Noun]]
* [[Language/Kabyle/Grammar/Kabyle-verb|Kabyle verb]]
* [[Language/Kabyle/Grammar/Plural|Plural]]
* [[Language/Kabyle/Grammar/Noun-Gender|Noun Gender]]
* [[Language/Kabyle/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Kabyle/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]


{{Kabyle-Page-Bottom}}
{{Kabyle-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 21:27, 27 March 2023

Berber-languages-polyglot-club.jpg
Kabyle Grammar - Negation

Hi Kabyle learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about negation in Kabyle grammar. Negation is an essential part of any language, and Kabyle is not an exception. In Kabyle, negation is used to negate verbs, adjectives, and nouns. During this tutorial, we will cover various aspects of negation, including negating verbs, negating adjectives, and negating nouns. So, don't worry if you don't understand everything at first. With practice, you will become more confident in using negation.


After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you: Kabyle verb, Plural, Adverbs & Nouns and gender.

Negating Verbs[edit | edit source]

In Kabyle, negating verbs is straightforward. To negate verbs, we add the negative particle "ur" before the verb. For example, "yesken" means "to eat," and "ur yesken" means "not to eat." Let's take a look at some examples:

Kabyle Pronunciation English
yesken jess-kenn to eat
ur yesken oor-jess-kenn not to eat
rran rran to run
ur rran oor-rran not to run

Here's a dialogue to see negating verbs in context:

  • Person 1: Sidali yella yelhan! (Sidali is eating!)
  • Person 2: Ur yesken, ulac win yemmuten! (He's not eating, he's fasting!)

Negating Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Negating adjectives is equally simple. To negate an adjective, we add the negative particle "ur" before the adjective. For example, "tasa" means "hot," and "ur tasa" means "not hot." Let's take a look at some examples:

Kabyle Pronunciation English
tasa ta-sa hot
ur tasa oor-ta-sa not hot
winna win-na beautiful
ur winna oor-win-na not beautiful

Here's a dialogue to see negating adjectives in context:

  • Person 1: Yemma yella tasa! (Mom is hot!)
  • Person 2: Ur tasa, tseddiḍ fell-i! (Not hot, I'm freezing!)

Negating Nouns[edit | edit source]

Negating nouns is different from negating verbs and adjectives. To negate nouns, we add the negative particle "aru" before the noun. For example, "sem" means "a name," and "aru sem" means "no name." Let's take a look at some examples:

Kabyle Pronunciation English
sem sem a name
aru sem a-roo-sem no name
uγur oo-goor a house
aru uγur a-roo-oo-goor no house

Here's a dialogue to see negating nouns in context:

  • Person 1: Acu kan akk d-yezzi? (What's his name again?)
  • Person 2: Aru sem, medden segmi. (No name, I forgot it.)

Remember, like any language, Kabyle has its own set of rules for negation. However, practice makes perfect, and with time, you will be able to use negation without thinking.

To improve your Kabyle Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources[edit | edit source]

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


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