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<div class="pg_page_title">Classical Quechua Grammar - Adjectives</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Classical Quechua Grammar - Adjectives</div>
Hi Classical Quechua learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be discussing adjectives in Classical Quechua. Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns and pronouns. They can be used to give more information about the noun or pronoun they are modifying. In Classical Quechua, adjectives have a few different forms depending on the gender and number of the noun or pronoun they are modifying.  
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/classical-quechua Classical Quechua] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will talk about adjectives in Classical Quechua, including their formation and usage. Adjectives are words that modify or describe nouns, giving information about their quality, quantity, or state. For example, in the sentence "The big house", "big" is the adjective that describes the noun "house".


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== Adjective Forms ==


In Classical Quechua, adjectives can take three different forms: singular masculine, singular feminine, and plural. The form of the adjective depends on the gender and number of the noun or pronoun it is modifying.  
<span link>Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Negation|Negation]], [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Gramatical-generalities|Gramatical generalities]], [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]] & [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]].</span>
== Formation of Adjectives ==
 
In Classical Quechua, adjectives are usually formed by adding a suffix to a noun. The most common suffixes used for adjective formation are "-qa" and "-ni". They are added directly to the noun stem, without any changes in the root form. For example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Classical Quechua !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| qhapaq || /ˈqʰapaq/ || big
|-
| qhapaqqa || /ˈqʰapaq.qa/ || the big one
|-
| suni || /ˈsunɪ/ || good
|-
| sunini || /ˈsunɪ.ni/ || the good one
|}
 
Other suffixes that can be used for adjective formation are "-mi", "-mpi", "-p", "-wan", and "-y". They may be added to different parts of the noun, depending on the grammatical rules of the language. For example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Classical Quechua !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| qhepaqmi || /ˈqʰepaq.mi/ || bigger
|-
| qhepaqmpim || /ˈqʰepaq.mpim/ || the biggest one
|-
| payp || /ˈpaɪp/ || white
|-
| paypwan || /ˈpaɪp.wan/ || whitish
|}
 
== Usage of Adjectives ==
 
Adjectives in Classical Quechua usually follow the noun they modify, unlike in English where they usually precede the noun. In some cases, however, the adjective can precede the noun for emphasis or poetic effect.
 
Adjectives agree with the noun they modify in gender and number. For example, if the noun is masculine singular, the adjective must be masculine singular as well. If the noun is feminine plural, the adjective must be feminine plural as well.  


=== Singular Masculine ===
Here are some examples of adjectives used in context:


The singular masculine form of an adjective is used when the noun or pronoun it is modifying is masculine and singular. For example, the word for "big" in Classical Quechua is ''hatun''. To modify a masculine singular noun, you would use the singular masculine form of the adjective, which is ''hatunlla''.  
* Person 1: Qhapaqtaq wasi. (The big house.)
* Person 2: Qhapaqtaqmi arpuy. (I buy the bigger one.)


=== Singular Feminine ===
* Person 1: Paypwanpi ñuqaqmi. (I see the whitish ones.)
* Person 2: Paypwanpi huk kawsaypaqmi. (They live in the white-ish life.)


The singular feminine form of an adjective is used when the noun or pronoun it is modifying is feminine and singular. For example, the word for "big" in Classical Quechua is ''hatun''. To modify a feminine singular noun, you would use the singular feminine form of the adjective, which is ''hatunmi''.
== Comparison of Adjectives ==


=== Plural ===
Adjectives can be compared in Classical Quechua, just like in English. When comparing two or more things, we use the particle "kama" to indicate "more" or "less". For example:


The plural form of an adjective is used when the noun or pronoun it is modifying is either masculine or feminine and plural. For example, the word for "big" in Classical Quechua is ''hatun''. To modify a plural noun, you would use the plural form of the adjective, which is ''hatunkuna''.  
{| class="wikitable"
! Classical Quechua !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| qhapaqmi || /ˈqʰapaq.mi/ || bigger
|-
| qhapaqmi kama || /ˈqʰapaq.mi ˈkama/ || more big
|}


== Adjective Agreement ==
When comparing qualities that cannot be measured, we use the particle "kamachiy" to indicate "better" or "worse". For example:


In Classical Quechua, adjectives must agree with the noun or pronoun they are modifying in both gender and number. This means that the form of the adjective must match the gender and number of the noun or pronoun it is modifying. For example, if the noun or pronoun is masculine and singular, then the adjective must be in the singular masculine form. If the noun or pronoun is feminine and plural, then the adjective must be in the plural form.  
{| class="wikitable"
! Classical Quechua !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| sunimi || /ˈsunɪ.mi/ || better
|-
| sunimi kamachiy || /ˈsunɪ.mi ˈkama.tʃɪj/ || much better
|}


== Adjective Position ==
== Cultural Insight ==


In Classical Quechua, adjectives usually come after the noun or pronoun they are modifying. For example, if you wanted to say "the big house", you would say ''wasi hatunlla''. Here, the adjective ''hatunlla'' comes after the noun ''wasi''.  
The Quechua language has a rich and diverse culture that spans across several regions of South America. The language is an integral part of the identity and heritage of the Quechua people, who have faced many challenges and struggles throughout history. Despite this, they have managed to preserve their language and cultural traditions, and continue to pass them down to future generations.


However, there are some exceptions to this rule. For example, if the adjective is being used to describe a person, it usually comes before the noun or pronoun it is modifying. For example, if you wanted to say "the big man", you would say ''hatunlla qhari''. Here, the adjective ''hatunlla'' comes before the noun ''qhari''.  
If you want to learn more about the Quechua culture and language, you can explore [https://polyglotclub.com/language/classical-quechua Classical Quechua] resources on the [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=100 Polyglot Club] website. There, you can find native speakers and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/classical-quechua/question questions] you may have. You can also check out the section on [[:Category:Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar|Grammar]] for more information on different aspects of the language.


<hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


{{#seo:
|title=Classical Quechua Grammar - Adjectives
|keywords=Classical Quechua, adjectives, suffixes, noun, agreement, comparison, culture
|description=Learn about the formation, usage, and comparison of adjectives in Classical Quechua, along with some cultural insights about the Quechua language and people.
}}


==Related Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Gramatical-generalities|Gramatical generalities]]
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Gramatical-generalities|Gramatical generalities]]
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]


{{Classical-quechua-Page-Bottom}}
{{Classical-quechua-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 20:53, 27 March 2023

Quechua-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Classical Quechua Grammar - Adjectives

Hi Classical Quechua learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will talk about adjectives in Classical Quechua, including their formation and usage. Adjectives are words that modify or describe nouns, giving information about their quality, quantity, or state. For example, in the sentence "The big house", "big" is the adjective that describes the noun "house".


Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: Negation, Gramatical generalities, Conditional Mood & Plurals.

Formation of Adjectives[edit | edit source]

In Classical Quechua, adjectives are usually formed by adding a suffix to a noun. The most common suffixes used for adjective formation are "-qa" and "-ni". They are added directly to the noun stem, without any changes in the root form. For example:

Classical Quechua Pronunciation English
qhapaq /ˈqʰapaq/ big
qhapaqqa /ˈqʰapaq.qa/ the big one
suni /ˈsunɪ/ good
sunini /ˈsunɪ.ni/ the good one

Other suffixes that can be used for adjective formation are "-mi", "-mpi", "-p", "-wan", and "-y". They may be added to different parts of the noun, depending on the grammatical rules of the language. For example:

Classical Quechua Pronunciation English
qhepaqmi /ˈqʰepaq.mi/ bigger
qhepaqmpim /ˈqʰepaq.mpim/ the biggest one
payp /ˈpaɪp/ white
paypwan /ˈpaɪp.wan/ whitish

Usage of Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Adjectives in Classical Quechua usually follow the noun they modify, unlike in English where they usually precede the noun. In some cases, however, the adjective can precede the noun for emphasis or poetic effect.

Adjectives agree with the noun they modify in gender and number. For example, if the noun is masculine singular, the adjective must be masculine singular as well. If the noun is feminine plural, the adjective must be feminine plural as well.

Here are some examples of adjectives used in context:

  • Person 1: Qhapaqtaq wasi. (The big house.)
  • Person 2: Qhapaqtaqmi arpuy. (I buy the bigger one.)
  • Person 1: Paypwanpi ñuqaqmi. (I see the whitish ones.)
  • Person 2: Paypwanpi huk kawsaypaqmi. (They live in the white-ish life.)

Comparison of Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Adjectives can be compared in Classical Quechua, just like in English. When comparing two or more things, we use the particle "kama" to indicate "more" or "less". For example:

Classical Quechua Pronunciation English
qhapaqmi /ˈqʰapaq.mi/ bigger
qhapaqmi kama /ˈqʰapaq.mi ˈkama/ more big

When comparing qualities that cannot be measured, we use the particle "kamachiy" to indicate "better" or "worse". For example:

Classical Quechua Pronunciation English
sunimi /ˈsunɪ.mi/ better
sunimi kamachiy /ˈsunɪ.mi ˈkama.tʃɪj/ much better

Cultural Insight[edit | edit source]

The Quechua language has a rich and diverse culture that spans across several regions of South America. The language is an integral part of the identity and heritage of the Quechua people, who have faced many challenges and struggles throughout history. Despite this, they have managed to preserve their language and cultural traditions, and continue to pass them down to future generations.

If you want to learn more about the Quechua culture and language, you can explore Classical Quechua resources on the Polyglot Club website. There, you can find native speakers and ask them any questions you may have. You can also check out the section on Grammar for more information on different aspects of the language.

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


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