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<div class="pg_page_title">Croatian Grammar - Adjectives</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Croatian Grammar - Adjectives</div>
In today's lesson, we will be discussing Croatian adjectives. Adjectives are words that describe or modify another person or thing in the sentence. In Croatian, adjectives can be used to describe nouns, pronouns, and other adjectives. We will look at how to form adjectives, how to use them in sentences, and some common examples of adjectives.  
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/croatian Croatian] learners! 😊
 
In this lesson, you will learn about Croatian adjectives, their endings, comparison forms, and other important information.  
 
__TOC__
__TOC__
==Forming Adjectives==
Adjectives in Croatian are formed by adding suffixes to the root of the word. The suffixes depend on the gender, number, and case of the noun being described. For example, the adjective 'dobar' (good) has the following forms:


* Masculine singular: dobar
* Feminine singular: dobra
* Neuter singular: dobro
* Masculine plural: dobri
* Feminine plural: dobre
* Neuter plural: dobra


===Gender===
<span link>With the completion of this lesson, consider investigating these related pages: [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]], [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Gender-in-Croatian|Introduction to Croatian Grammar: Gender in Croatian]], [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Croatian-Phonetics-and-Pronunciation|Croatian Phonetics and Pronunciation]] & [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Croatian-Syntax-and-Style|Croatian Syntax and Style]].</span>
The gender of an adjective is determined by the gender of the noun it is describing. Masculine adjectives end in -i, feminine adjectives end in -a, and neuter adjectives end in -o.  
== What are adjectives? ==
 
Adjectives are words that describe or modify a noun or pronoun. In [https://polyglotclub.com/language/croatian Croatian], adjectives can be found before or after the noun they describe.
 
Here are some examples:
 
* plava knjiga (blue book)
* visok muškarac (tall man)
* lijepa kuća (beautiful house)
 
As you can see, the adjective agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it describes.
 
== Adjective Endings ==
 
Croatian adjectives follow a specific pattern of endings depending on gender, number, and case.  
 
=== Masculine Adjective Endings ===
 
* Singular: -i endings in nominative, genitive, and accusative cases; -om ending in the dative case.
* Plural: -i endings in all cases.
 
Here is an example table to show the masculine adjective endings:
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Masculine Adjective Endings
|-
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| Nominative || -i || -i
|-
| Genitive || -og || -ih
|-
| Dative || -om || -im
|-
| Accusative || -og || -e/-i
|-
| Vocative || -i || -i
|-
| Locative || -om || -im
|-
| Instrumental || -im || -im
|}
 
=== Feminine Adjective Endings ===
 
* Singular: -a, -na, -ka or -ga endings in nominative, genitive, and accusative; -oj ending in dative case.
* Plural: -e, -ne or -ke endings in nominative, genitive, accusative, and dative.  
 
Here is an example table to show the feminine adjective endings:
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Feminine Adjective Endings
|-
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| Nominative || -a, -na, -ka, -ga || -e, -ne, -ke
|-
| Genitive || -e, -ne, -ke || -ih
|-
| Dative || -oj || -im
|-
| Accusative || -u/-u/-u, -nu/-nu/-nu, -ku/-ku/-ku, -gu/-gu/-gu, depending on the ending || -e, -ne, -ke
|-
| Vocative || -a, -na, -ka, -ga || -e, -ne, -ke
|-
| Locative || -oj || -im
|-
| Instrumental || -om || -im
|}
 
=== Neuter Adjective Endings ===


===Number===
* Singular: -o ending in all cases except dative which has -om ending.  
The number of an adjective is determined by the number of the noun it is describing. Singular adjectives end in -i, -a, or -o, depending on the gender of the noun. Plural adjectives end in -i, -e, or -a, depending on the gender of the noun.  
* Plural: -a ending in all cases.  


===Case===
Here is an example table to show the neuter adjective endings:
The case of an adjective is determined by the case of the noun it is describing. Nominative adjectives end in -i, -a, or -o, depending on the gender of the noun. Accusative adjectives end in -og, -u, or -e, depending on the gender of the noun.


==Using Adjectives in Sentences==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
Adjectives are used to describe nouns, pronouns, and other adjectives. They usually come before the word they are describing. For example:
|+ Neuter Adjective Endings
|-
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| Nominative || -o || -a
|-
| Genitive || -og || -ih
|-
| Dative || -om || -im
|-
| Accusative || -o/-e || -a
|-
| Vocative || -o || -a
|-
| Locative || -om || -im
|-
| Instrumental || -im || -im
|}


* On je dobar čovjek (He is a good man).
== Adjective Comparison ==
* Ona je lijepa žena (She is a beautiful woman).
* To je veliko drvo (That is a big tree).


Adjectives can also be used after certain verbs, such as biti (to be), ostati (to remain), postati (to become), and izgledati (to look). For example:
Croatian adjectives can be used in three different comparison forms:  


* On je dobar (He is good).
1. Positive: used to describe a single noun, without any comparison to others.  
* Ona je lijepa (She is beautiful).
2. Comparative: used to compare two nouns.  
* To je veliko (That is big).
3. Superlative: used to describe one noun as having the highest degree of a quality of all the nouns in a group.  


Adjectives can also be used to compare two things. For example:
To form the comparative and superlative forms, you can use the following patterns:  


* On je bolji od nje (He is better than her).
* Comparative form: [adjective] + -iji + od + [noun]
* Ona je ljepša od njega (She is prettier than him).
* Superlative form: naj + [adjective] + -iji + [noun]
* To je veće od toga (That is bigger than that).


==Common Examples of Adjectives==
Here are some examples:
Here are some common examples of adjectives in Croatian:


* Dobar (good)
* Marko je visok. (Marko is tall.) - Positive form
* Lijep (beautiful)
* Ana je viša od Marka. (Ana is taller than Marko.) - Comparative form
* Velik (big)
* Petra je najviša od svih. (Petra is the tallest of all.) - Superlative form
* Malen (small)
* Dug (long)
* Kratak (short)
* Težak (heavy)
* Lagan (light)
* Star (old)
* Nov (new)
* Visok (tall)
* Nizak (short)
* Sladak (sweet)
* Gorak (bitter)


Please feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
Note that not all adjectives follow this pattern, and some have irregular forms.


== Adjective Agreement ==


As mentioned earlier, in Croatian, adjectives need to agree with the noun they describe in gender, number, and case. Here are some examples:


==Videos==
* Marija je [lijepa] [žena]. (Marija is a beautiful woman.)
* Ivan je [lijep] [muškarac]. (Ivan is a handsome man.)


===Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian Grammar: Gender of Adjectives - YouTube===
In both cases, the adjective "lijep" agrees with the gender and number of the noun it describes.  
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJ-XIrlaXUw</youtube>


== Practice Dialogue ==


==Related Lessons==
Here is a practice dialogue to help you understand Croatian adjectives in context:
 
* Person 1: Koliko je visok tvoj brat? (How tall is your brother?)
* Person 2: On je visok 1,90m. (He is 1.90m tall.)
* Person 1: Onda je tvoj brat [najviši] [čovjek] kojeg poznajem. (Then your brother is the tallest man I know.)
 
== Conclusion ==
 
In conclusion, Croatian adjectives are an important part of the language and can make your speech more descriptive and interesting. Remember to pay attention to gender, number, and case when using adjectives, and don't hesitate to practice with native speakers on [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club]. You can also find more information on [https://polyglotclub.com/language/croatian Croatian] [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=31 Grammar] on our website.
 
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
 
 
<span link>Having concluded this lesson, consider checking out these related pages: [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]], [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Verbs-and-Tenses|Introduction to Croatian Grammar: Verbs and Tenses]], [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]] & [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]].</span>
{{#seo:
|title=Croatian Grammar - Adjectives
|keywords=croatian language, croatian adjectives, masculine adjectives, feminine adjectives, neuter adjectives, comparative form, superlative form
|description=Learn all about Croatian adjectives, their endings, comparison forms, and other important information in this comprehensive lesson. Improve your Croatian grammar skills today!
}}
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
 
<span class='maj'></span>
==Sources==
* [https://www.letslearncroatian.co.uk/blog/adjectives-in-croatian Adjectives in Croatian]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_grammar Serbo-Croatian grammar - Wikipedia]
* [https://speakcro.com/croatian-language-and-grammar/adjectives-in-the-croatian-language-an-overview/ Adjectives in the Croatian language - an overview - SpeakCRO ...]


{{Croatian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Croatian-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 20:50, 27 March 2023

Croatian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Croatian Grammar - Adjectives

Hi Croatian learners! 😊

In this lesson, you will learn about Croatian adjectives, their endings, comparison forms, and other important information.


With the completion of this lesson, consider investigating these related pages: Pronouns, Introduction to Croatian Grammar: Gender in Croatian, Croatian Phonetics and Pronunciation & Croatian Syntax and Style.

What are adjectives?[edit | edit source]

Adjectives are words that describe or modify a noun or pronoun. In Croatian, adjectives can be found before or after the noun they describe.

Here are some examples:

  • plava knjiga (blue book)
  • visok muškarac (tall man)
  • lijepa kuća (beautiful house)

As you can see, the adjective agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it describes.

Adjective Endings[edit | edit source]

Croatian adjectives follow a specific pattern of endings depending on gender, number, and case.

Masculine Adjective Endings[edit | edit source]

  • Singular: -i endings in nominative, genitive, and accusative cases; -om ending in the dative case.
  • Plural: -i endings in all cases.

Here is an example table to show the masculine adjective endings:

Masculine Adjective Endings
Case Singular Plural
Nominative -i -i
Genitive -og -ih
Dative -om -im
Accusative -og -e/-i
Vocative -i -i
Locative -om -im
Instrumental -im -im

Feminine Adjective Endings[edit | edit source]

  • Singular: -a, -na, -ka or -ga endings in nominative, genitive, and accusative; -oj ending in dative case.
  • Plural: -e, -ne or -ke endings in nominative, genitive, accusative, and dative.

Here is an example table to show the feminine adjective endings:

Feminine Adjective Endings
Case Singular Plural
Nominative -a, -na, -ka, -ga -e, -ne, -ke
Genitive -e, -ne, -ke -ih
Dative -oj -im
Accusative -u/-u/-u, -nu/-nu/-nu, -ku/-ku/-ku, -gu/-gu/-gu, depending on the ending -e, -ne, -ke
Vocative -a, -na, -ka, -ga -e, -ne, -ke
Locative -oj -im
Instrumental -om -im

Neuter Adjective Endings[edit | edit source]

  • Singular: -o ending in all cases except dative which has -om ending.
  • Plural: -a ending in all cases.

Here is an example table to show the neuter adjective endings:

Neuter Adjective Endings
Case Singular Plural
Nominative -o -a
Genitive -og -ih
Dative -om -im
Accusative -o/-e -a
Vocative -o -a
Locative -om -im
Instrumental -im -im

Adjective Comparison[edit | edit source]

Croatian adjectives can be used in three different comparison forms:

1. Positive: used to describe a single noun, without any comparison to others. 2. Comparative: used to compare two nouns. 3. Superlative: used to describe one noun as having the highest degree of a quality of all the nouns in a group.

To form the comparative and superlative forms, you can use the following patterns:

  • Comparative form: [adjective] + -iji + od + [noun]
  • Superlative form: naj + [adjective] + -iji + [noun]

Here are some examples:

  • Marko je visok. (Marko is tall.) - Positive form
  • Ana je viša od Marka. (Ana is taller than Marko.) - Comparative form
  • Petra je najviša od svih. (Petra is the tallest of all.) - Superlative form

Note that not all adjectives follow this pattern, and some have irregular forms.

Adjective Agreement[edit | edit source]

As mentioned earlier, in Croatian, adjectives need to agree with the noun they describe in gender, number, and case. Here are some examples:

  • Marija je [lijepa] [žena]. (Marija is a beautiful woman.)
  • Ivan je [lijep] [muškarac]. (Ivan is a handsome man.)

In both cases, the adjective "lijep" agrees with the gender and number of the noun it describes.

Practice Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Here is a practice dialogue to help you understand Croatian adjectives in context:

  • Person 1: Koliko je visok tvoj brat? (How tall is your brother?)
  • Person 2: On je visok 1,90m. (He is 1.90m tall.)
  • Person 1: Onda je tvoj brat [najviši] [čovjek] kojeg poznajem. (Then your brother is the tallest man I know.)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In conclusion, Croatian adjectives are an important part of the language and can make your speech more descriptive and interesting. Remember to pay attention to gender, number, and case when using adjectives, and don't hesitate to practice with native speakers on Polyglot Club. You can also find more information on Croatian Grammar on our website.

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


Having concluded this lesson, consider checking out these related pages: Future Tense, Introduction to Croatian Grammar: Verbs and Tenses, How to Use Have & Conditional Mood.

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]


Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Croatian/Grammar/Adjectives&oldid=203607"