Difference between revisions of "Language/Georgian/Grammar/Preverbs-and-their-functions"

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[[File:Georgian-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]
[[File:Georgian-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]
<div style="font-size:300%"> Preverbs and their functions in Georgian</div>
<div class="pg_page_title"> Preverbs and their functions in Georgian</div>


== a) Preverbs show the direction of a verbal act. ==  
== a) Preverbs show the direction of a verbal act. ==  
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|“he/she/it  left/went away” 
|“he/she/it  left/went away” 
|}
|}


All these preverbs show the direction away from the I person except “მო-”. They are simple preverbs, but they can have “მო-” added to become complex preverbs. By adding “მო-” the direction becomes orientated towards the I person. So, all complex preverbs show the direction to the I person.
All these preverbs show the direction away from the I person except “მო-”. They are simple preverbs, but they can have “მო-” added to become complex preverbs. By adding “მო-” the direction becomes orientated towards the I person. So, all complex preverbs show the direction to the I person.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|“he/she/it came  over/out” 
|“he/she/it came  over/out” 
|}
|}


== b) When preverbs produce new rows of conjugation in the I series, then they don’t show any direction. ==
== b) When preverbs produce new rows of conjugation in the I series, then they don’t show any direction. ==
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|“he/she/it  will write” No verbal direction is exposed here. 
|“he/she/it  will write” No verbal direction is exposed here. 
|}
|}


== c) Preverbs don’t show direction while producing the perfective aspect. ==  
== c) Preverbs don’t show direction while producing the perfective aspect. ==  
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|“I wrote” 
|“I wrote” 
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|}


==d) Sometimes preverbs change the meaning of a word==  
==d) Sometimes preverbs change the meaning of a word==  
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==Sources==
==Sources==
http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf
http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Orthography-Words-ending-at-“—ს”,-“—მ”,-“—ზ”-and-“—შ”|Orthography Words ending at “—ს”, “—მ”, “—ზ” and “—შ”]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Nouns-with-“many”,-“much”-and-“a-few”|Nouns with “many”, “much” and “a few”]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Expression-“traveling-by...”|Expression “traveling by...”]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Types-of-Verbs|Types of Verbs]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Conjugation-of-the-verb-“to-want”-ნდომა-in-the-Present-Tense|Conjugation of the verb “to want” ნდომა in the Present Tense]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/That-(რომ)|That (რომ)]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/The-Conjugation-System|The Conjugation System]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/“to-be”-ყოფნა-Present-Tense|“to be” ყოფნა Present Tense]]
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 13:15, 27 March 2023

Georgian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Preverbs and their functions in Georgian

a) Preverbs show the direction of a verbal act.[edit | edit source]

მი-  away (from the I person)  მიდის  “he/she/it goes” 
მო-  towards (to the I person)  მოდის  “he/she/it comes” 
ა-  up  ადის  “he/she/it rises/goes up” 
და-  down; sometimes an intensive act  დადის   “he/she/it walks”; “it goes down” (e.g. temperature)
ჩა-  down inside  ჩადის  “he/she/it descends/goes down(hill)” 
შე-  from outside to inside  შედის  “he/she/it enters/goes in” 
გა-  from inside to outside  გადის  “he/she/it goes out” (e.g. from the house) 
გადა-  over a barrier  გადადის  “he/she/it crosses/goes over (something)” 
წა-  away  წავიდა  “he/she/it left/went away” 

All these preverbs show the direction away from the I person except “მო-”. They are simple preverbs, but they can have “მო-” added to become complex preverbs. By adding “მო-” the direction becomes orientated towards the I person. So, all complex preverbs show the direction to the I person.

ამო-  up  ამოდის  “he/she/it rises/comes up” 
ჩამო-  down inside  ჩამოდის  “he/she/it arrives/comes down” 
შემო-  from outside to inside  შემოდის  “he/she/it enters/comes in” 
გამო-  from inside to outside  გამოდის  “he/she/it emerges/comes out” 
გადმო-  over a barrier  გადმოდის  “he/she/it comes across/over” 
წამო-  towards the I person  წამოვიდა  “he/she/it came over/out” 

b) When preverbs produce new rows of conjugation in the I series, then they don’t show any direction.[edit | edit source]

ხატავს  “he/she/it paints” დახატავს  “he/she/it will paint” 
წერს  “he/she/it writes” დაწერს  “he/she/it will write” No verbal direction is exposed here. 

c) Preverbs don’t show direction while producing the perfective aspect.[edit | edit source]

Compare:

Imperfective  Perfective 
ვხატე  “I was painting” დავხატე  “I painted” 
ვწერე  “I was writing” დავწერე  “I wrote” 

d) Sometimes preverbs change the meaning of a word[edit | edit source]

მოიგო  “he/she won [it]” (e.g. the game or money) 
გაიგო  “he/she understood [it]” 
წააგო  “he/she lost [it]” 
მიხვდა  “he/she realized/understood [it]” 
მოხვდა  “he/she got [it]” 
შეხვდა  “he/she met [him/her/them]” 
დახვდა  “he/she met (ran into) [it/him/her/them]”

Sources[edit | edit source]

http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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