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<div | <div class="pg_page_title">How to ask for directions in Chinese</div> | ||
[[File:Chinese-Language-PolyglotClub.jpg|thumb]] | |||
[[File:Directions in chinese.jpg|thumb]] | |||
你好 Chinese learners, | |||
In today's Chinese class, we will learn how to ask your way and understand a directional indication. | |||
With this subject matter well understood, you might want to delve into these related topics: [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/%E6%98%AF...%E7%9A%84|是...的]], [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/How-to-ask-a-question-in-Chinese|How to ask a question in Chinese]], [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/和-(hé)|和 (hé)]] & [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Separable-verbs|Separable verbs]]. | |||
== Vocabulary== | == Vocabulary== | ||
=== Verbs=== | === Verbs=== | ||
| Line 10: | Line 15: | ||
!Translation | !Translation | ||
|- | |- | ||
|换 | |換/换 | ||
|huàn | |huàn | ||
|change; exchange | |change; exchange | ||
|- | |- | ||
|过 | |過/过 | ||
|guò | |guò | ||
|cross (a passage); pass | |cross (a passage); pass | ||
| Line 34: | Line 39: | ||
!Translation | !Translation | ||
|- | |- | ||
|离 | |離/离 | ||
|lí | |lí | ||
|remote from | |remote from | ||
| Line 42: | Line 47: | ||
|in this lesson: (particle used to form interrogative sentences) | |in this lesson: (particle used to form interrogative sentences) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|远 | |遠/远 | ||
|yuǎn | |yuǎn | ||
|far | |far | ||
| Line 54: | Line 59: | ||
|neighborhood; surroundings | |neighborhood; surroundings | ||
|- | |- | ||
|那儿 | |那兒/那儿 | ||
|nàr | |nàr | ||
|the; over there | |the; over there | ||
| Line 82: | Line 87: | ||
|first | |first | ||
|- | |- | ||
|然后 | |然後/然后 | ||
|ránhòu | |ránhòu | ||
|then; then | |then; then | ||
| Line 90: | Line 95: | ||
|in this lesson: (classifier and suffix equivalent to "No." for bus lines) | |in this lesson: (classifier and suffix equivalent to "No." for bus lines) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|马路 | |馬路/马路 | ||
|mǎlù | |mǎlù | ||
|street | |street | ||
| Line 98: | Line 103: | ||
|intersection (literal "intersection in character") | |intersection (literal "intersection in character") | ||
|- | |- | ||
|车站 | |車站/车站 | ||
|chēzhàn | |chēzhàn | ||
|bus stop | |bus stop | ||
|- | |- | ||
|长 | |長/长 | ||
|cháng | |cháng | ||
|length; long | |length; long | ||
|- | |- | ||
|堵车 | |堵車/堵车 | ||
|dǔchē | |dǔchē | ||
|traffic jam | |traffic jam | ||
| Line 114: | Line 119: | ||
|transport network | |transport network | ||
|- | |- | ||
|的话 | |的話/的话 | ||
|dehuà | |dehuà | ||
|(placed at the end of the sentence to express an hypothesis) if; in the case | |(placed at the end of the sentence to express an hypothesis) if; in the case | ||
|- | |- | ||
|小时 | |小時/小时 | ||
|xiǎoshí | |xiǎoshí | ||
|hour (duration) | |hour (duration) | ||
| Line 127: | Line 132: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|一直 | |一直 | ||
| | |yīzhí | ||
|always; continuous | |always; continuous | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 134: | Line 139: | ||
|in the direction of; towards | |in the direction of; towards | ||
|- | |- | ||
|天安门 | |天安門/天安门 | ||
|tiān'ānmén | |tiān'ānmén | ||
|Tian'anmen (historical and tourist site in Beijing) | |Tian'anmen (historical and tourist site in Beijing) | ||
| Line 141: | Line 146: | ||
== Grammar== | == Grammar== | ||
=== Indicate the distance between two points === | === Indicate the distance between two points === | ||
In Chinese, the preposition 离 <lí> is used to indicate the distance between two points. It appears frequently in a sentence, accompanied by adjectives like 远 <yuǎn> and 近 <jìn>. | In Chinese, the preposition 離/离 <lí> is used to indicate the distance between two points. It appears frequently in a sentence, accompanied by adjectives like 远 <yuǎn> and 近 <jìn>. | ||
<code><big>Location 1 + 離/离 + Location 2 + Adj.</big></code> | |||
天安門 離 這兒 很近。/天安门 离 这儿 很近。 <Tiān'ānmén the zhèr hén jìn. > | |||
Tian'anmen is very close to here. | Tian'anmen is very close to here. | ||
银行 离 书店 | 銀行 離 書店 不遠。/银行 离 书店 不远。 <Yínháng lí shūdiān bù yuǎn. > | ||
The bank is not far from the bookstore. | The bank is not far from the bookstore. | ||
Instead of an adjective, some sentences use the structure 有 | Instead of an adjective, some sentences use the structure 有 … 米 / 公里 <yǒu … mǐ / gōnglǐ> to indicate the exact distance. | ||
<code><big>Location 1 + 離/离 + Location 2 + 有 + Value + 米 / 公里</big></code> | |||
* 天安門 離 這兒 有 三 公里。/天安门 离 这儿 有 三 公里。 <Tiān'ānmén lí zhèr yǒu sān gōnglǐ. > | |||
<blockquote>Tian'anmen is three kilometers from here.</blockquote> | |||
* 地鐵 離 學校 有 500 米。/地铁 离 学校 有 有 米 500 米。 <Dìtiě lí xuéxiào yǒu 500 mǐ. > | |||
<blockquote>The metro is 500 meters from the school.</blockquote> | |||
=== Express "(from) from … (up to) to …" === | |||
從 … 到 …/从 … 到 … <cóng … dào …> is used in the same way as in English in a phrase of the style "(from) … (up to) to … ". | |||
In this lesson, this structure is used for places. It can also be used for a period of time. Just as for 離/离 <lí>, this structure can be followed by an adjective or a verb + object structure. | |||
=== Express "(from) from | |||
从 | <code><big>從/从 + Location 1 + 到 + Location 2</big></code> | ||
从 + Location 1 + 到 + Location 2 | |||
* 從 這兒 到 天安門 有 三 公里。/从 这儿 到 天安门 有 三 公里。 ‹ Cóng zhèr dào Tiān'ānmén yǒu sān gōnglǐ. › | |||
From here to | <blockquote>From here to Tian'anmen, there are three kilometers.</blockquote> | ||
* 從 地鐵 到 學校 要 用 半 個 小時。从 地铁 到 学校 要 用 半 个 小时。 ‹ Cóng dìtiě dào xuéxiào yào yòng bàn gè xiǎoshí. › | |||
From the metro to the school, it takes half an hour. | <blockquote>From the metro to the school, it takes half an hour.</blockquote> | ||
从 | * 從 2004年 到 2008年，我 一直 在 北京。/从 2004年 到 2008年，我 一直 在 北京。 ‹ Cóng 2004 nián dào 2008 nián, wǒ yīzhí zài Běijīng. ›<blockquote>From 2004 to 2008, I was in Beijing all the time.</blockquote> | ||
From 2004 to 2008, I was in Beijing all the time. | |||
=== Express "first | === Express "first … then …" === | ||
The adverb 先 <xiān> is often used with the adverb 然后 <ránhòu> to indicate a sequence of two events in the same sentence in Chinese. | The adverb 先 <xiān> is often used with the adverb 然后 <ránhòu> or 再 <zài> to indicate a sequence of two events in the same sentence in Chinese. | ||
<code><big>Subject + 先 + Verb 1 (+ Object 1) + 然後/然后 + Verb 2 (+ Object 2)</big></code> | |||
<code><big>Subject + 先 + Verb 1 (+ Object 1) + 再 + Verb 2 (+ Object 2)</big></code> | |||
* 你 先 往 左 拐， 然後 往前 走。/你 先 往 左 拐，然后 往 前 走。 ‹ Nǐ xiān wǎng zuǒ guǎi, ránhòu wǎng qián zǒu. ›<blockquote>You turn left at first, then straight forward.</blockquote> | |||
* 我 先 去 喝 咖啡， 再 回 學校。/我 先 去 喝 咖啡，再 回 学校。 ‹ Wǒ xiān qù hē kāfēi, zài huí xuéxiào. ›<blockquote>I go for a coffee first, then I go back to school.</blockquote> | |||
=== Questions with 多 <duō> === | === Questions with 多 <duō> === | ||
The adverb 多 <duō> is often used in Chinese in front of an adjective to question the extent or degree of something. For example, | The adverb 多 <duō> is often used in Chinese in front of an adjective to question the extent or degree of something. | ||
For example, 多 遠/多 远 <duō yuǎn> is used to query distance and 多 長/多 长 <duō cháng> for length. | |||
<code><big>多 + Adjective (+ Object)</big></code> | |||
* 從 這兒 到 天安門 有 多遠？/从 这儿 到 天安门 有 多远？ ‹ Cóng zhèr dào Tiān'ānmén yǒu duō yuǎn? ›<blockquote>Tian'anmen is how far from here?</blockquote> | |||
* 坐 公共汽車 要 用 多長 時間？/坐 公共汽车 要 用 多长 时间 ？ ‹ Zuò gōnggòngqìchē yào yòng duō cháng shíjiān? ›<blockquote>By bus, how much time is needed?</blockquote> | |||
=== Express the condition with 的 話/的 话 <de huà> === | |||
的 話/的 话 <de huà> means “in the case of”, which is placed at the end of a clause to indicate subjunctive mood. | |||
<code><big>Clause 1(Subjunctive) + 的 話/的 话 +, Clause 2</big></code> | |||
* 你 去 京 的 話，/你 去 北京 的 话, … ‹ Nǐ qù Běijīng dehuà, … ›<blockquote>If you go to Beijing, …</blockquote> | |||
* 不 堵車 的 話， 去 天安門 要 半個 小時。/不 堵车 的 话，去 天安门 要 半个 小时。 ‹ Bù dǔchē dehuà, qù Tiān'ānmén yào bàn gè xiǎoshí. ›<blockquote>If there is no traffic jam, it takes half an hour to go to Tian'anmen.</blockquote> | |||
==Source== | |||
https://chine.in/mandarin/methode/index.php?lecon=21 | |||
==Other Lessons== | |||
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Ask-how-to-do-something-with-怎么-(zěnme)|Ask how to do something with 怎么 (zěnme)]] | |||
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Connect-two-nouns-with-是-(shì)|Connect two nouns with 是 (shì)]] | |||
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Transition-words|Transition words]] | |||
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Describing-People-with-Suffixes-家-者-师-员-生-手|Describing People with Suffixes 家 者 师 员 生 手]] | |||
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/How-to-ask-a-question-in-Chinese|How to ask a question in Chinese]] | |||
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Use-the-verb-姓-(xìng)|Use the verb 姓 (xìng)]] | |||
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Time|Time]] | |||
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/呢-ne|呢 ne]] | |||
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Separable-verbs|Separable verbs]] | |||
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/都-(dōu)|都 (dōu)]] | |||
<span links></span> | |||
Latest revision as of 22:17, 26 March 2023
How to ask for directions in Chinese
你好 Chinese learners,
In today's Chinese class, we will learn how to ask your way and understand a directional indication.
With this subject matter well understood, you might want to delve into these related topics: 是...的, How to ask a question in Chinese, 和 (hé) & Separable verbs.
Vocabulary[edit | edit source]
Verbs[edit | edit source]
| Character | Pinyin | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| 換/换 | huàn | change; exchange |
| 過/过 | guò | cross (a passage); pass |
| 要 | yào | in this lesson: require; have to |
| 拐 | guǎi | turn |
Miscellaneous words[edit | edit source]
| Character | Pinyin | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| 離/离 | lí | remote from |
| 多 | duō | in this lesson: (particle used to form interrogative sentences) |
| 遠/远 | yuǎn | far |
| 近 | jìn | close; near |
| 附近 | fùjìn | neighborhood; surroundings |
| 那兒/那儿 | nàr | the; over there |
| 从 | cóng | from |
| 到 | dào | until; go to; arrive |
| 大概 | dàgài | about; nearly |
| 公里 | gōnglǐ | kilometer |
| 米 | mǐ | metre |
| 先 | xiān | first |
| 然後/然后 | ránhòu | then; then |
| 路 | lù | in this lesson: (classifier and suffix equivalent to "No." for bus lines) |
| 馬路/马路 | mǎlù | street |
| 十字路口 | shízìlùkǒu | intersection (literal "intersection in character") |
| 車站/车站 | chēzhàn | bus stop |
| 長/长 | cháng | length; long |
| 堵車/堵车 | dǔchē | traffic jam |
| 交通 | jiāotōng | transport network |
| 的話/的话 | dehuà | (placed at the end of the sentence to express an hypothesis) if; in the case |
| 小時/小时 | xiǎoshí | hour (duration) |
| 方便 | fāngbiàn | practice (adj.) |
| 一直 | yīzhí | always; continuous |
| 往 | wǎng | in the direction of; towards |
| 天安門/天安门 | tiān'ānmén | Tian'anmen (historical and tourist site in Beijing) |
Grammar[edit | edit source]
Indicate the distance between two points[edit | edit source]
In Chinese, the preposition 離/离 <lí> is used to indicate the distance between two points. It appears frequently in a sentence, accompanied by adjectives like 远 <yuǎn> and 近 <jìn>.
Location 1 + 離/离 + Location 2 + Adj.
天安門 離 這兒 很近。/天安门 离 这儿 很近。 <Tiān'ānmén the zhèr hén jìn. >
Tian'anmen is very close to here. 銀行 離 書店 不遠。/银行 离 书店 不远。 <Yínháng lí shūdiān bù yuǎn. >
The bank is not far from the bookstore. Instead of an adjective, some sentences use the structure 有 … 米 / 公里 <yǒu … mǐ / gōnglǐ> to indicate the exact distance.
Location 1 + 離/离 + Location 2 + 有 + Value + 米 / 公里
- 天安門 離 這兒 有 三 公里。/天安门 离 这儿 有 三 公里。 <Tiān'ānmén lí zhèr yǒu sān gōnglǐ. >
Tian'anmen is three kilometers from here.
- 地鐵 離 學校 有 500 米。/地铁 离 学校 有 有 米 500 米。 <Dìtiě lí xuéxiào yǒu 500 mǐ. >
The metro is 500 meters from the school.
Express "(from) from … (up to) to …"[edit | edit source]
從 … 到 …/从 … 到 … <cóng … dào …> is used in the same way as in English in a phrase of the style "(from) … (up to) to … ".
In this lesson, this structure is used for places. It can also be used for a period of time. Just as for 離/离 <lí>, this structure can be followed by an adjective or a verb + object structure.
從/从 + Location 1 + 到 + Location 2
- 從 這兒 到 天安門 有 三 公里。/从 这儿 到 天安门 有 三 公里。 ‹ Cóng zhèr dào Tiān'ānmén yǒu sān gōnglǐ. ›
From here to Tian'anmen, there are three kilometers.
- 從 地鐵 到 學校 要 用 半 個 小時。从 地铁 到 学校 要 用 半 个 小时。 ‹ Cóng dìtiě dào xuéxiào yào yòng bàn gè xiǎoshí. ›
From the metro to the school, it takes half an hour.
- 從 2004年 到 2008年，我 一直 在 北京。/从 2004年 到 2008年，我 一直 在 北京。 ‹ Cóng 2004 nián dào 2008 nián, wǒ yīzhí zài Běijīng. ›
From 2004 to 2008, I was in Beijing all the time.
Express "first … then …"[edit | edit source]
The adverb 先 <xiān> is often used with the adverb 然后 <ránhòu> or 再 <zài> to indicate a sequence of two events in the same sentence in Chinese.
Subject + 先 + Verb 1 (+ Object 1) + 然後/然后 + Verb 2 (+ Object 2)
Subject + 先 + Verb 1 (+ Object 1) + 再 + Verb 2 (+ Object 2)
- 你 先 往 左 拐， 然後 往前 走。/你 先 往 左 拐，然后 往 前 走。 ‹ Nǐ xiān wǎng zuǒ guǎi, ránhòu wǎng qián zǒu. ›
You turn left at first, then straight forward.
- 我 先 去 喝 咖啡， 再 回 學校。/我 先 去 喝 咖啡，再 回 学校。 ‹ Wǒ xiān qù hē kāfēi, zài huí xuéxiào. ›
I go for a coffee first, then I go back to school.
Questions with 多 <duō>[edit | edit source]
The adverb 多 <duō> is often used in Chinese in front of an adjective to question the extent or degree of something.
For example, 多 遠/多 远 <duō yuǎn> is used to query distance and 多 長/多 长 <duō cháng> for length.
多 + Adjective (+ Object)
- 從 這兒 到 天安門 有 多遠？/从 这儿 到 天安门 有 多远？ ‹ Cóng zhèr dào Tiān'ānmén yǒu duō yuǎn? ›
Tian'anmen is how far from here?
- 坐 公共汽車 要 用 多長 時間？/坐 公共汽车 要 用 多长 时间 ？ ‹ Zuò gōnggòngqìchē yào yòng duō cháng shíjiān? ›
By bus, how much time is needed?
Express the condition with 的 話/的 话 <de huà>[edit | edit source]
的 話/的 话 <de huà> means “in the case of”, which is placed at the end of a clause to indicate subjunctive mood.
Clause 1(Subjunctive) + 的 話/的 话 +, Clause 2
- 你 去 京 的 話，/你 去 北京 的 话, … ‹ Nǐ qù Běijīng dehuà, … ›
If you go to Beijing, …
- 不 堵車 的 話， 去 天安門 要 半個 小時。/不 堵车 的 话，去 天安门 要 半个 小时。 ‹ Bù dǔchē dehuà, qù Tiān'ānmén yào bàn gè xiǎoshí. ›
If there is no traffic jam, it takes half an hour to go to Tian'anmen.
Source[edit | edit source]
https://chine.in/mandarin/methode/index.php?lecon=21
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Ask how to do something with 怎么 (zěnme)
- Connect two nouns with 是 (shì)
- Transition words
- Describing People with Suffixes 家 者 师 员 生 手
- How to ask a question in Chinese
- Use the verb 姓 (xìng)
- Time
- 呢 ne
- Separable verbs
- 都 (dōu)