Difference between revisions of "Language/Turkish/Grammar/Past-Tense"

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Turkish grammer and sentence structure is little bit different from other europan language. Turks are using the verb at the end of the sentence. but the Turkish grammer is the same about the pronouns and conjugation.  Past Tense (Geçmiş Zaman) consists of two parts : -Di'li Geçmiz zaman (görülen) and -Miş'li Geçmiş Zaman (duyulan). we see the action and the action is exactly finish (completed) in -Di'li Geçmiş Zaman . On the other hand the action is not seen or heard by the subject ( pronoun) and the action learned or known afterward in the Miş'li geçmiş zaman. but the basic past tense in Turkish is -Di'li Geçmiş zaman. we make the simple past tense in Turkish language with adding the addition -dı, - di, -du, -dü (-tı, -ti, -tu, -tü ) to the verb stem. now I am present you to table about the past tenses conjugation.
[[File:Past Tense in Turkish.png|alt=Past Tense in Turkish|thumb|Past Tense in Turkish]]
 
 
Hello everybody,
 
In today's lesson you will learn how to use the '''¨PAST TENSE¨''' in Turkish.
 
Feel free to edit this page by adding new words and expressions!
 
Happy learning! :)
 
 
 
Past Tense in Turkish is easy. The main 2 types of Past tense is Görülen (simple past) and Öğrenilen (not defined past). There are also many mixed types of past tense.
 
 
As you complete your study of this topic, consider these connected lessons to continue your learning: [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/RE%C4%B0TERAT%C4%B0VE|REİTERATİVE]], [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Gender|Gender]], [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/The-Nominative-Case-in-Turkish|The Nominative Case in Turkish]] & [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]].
== '''<big><u>Simple Past Tense -  Görünen /Di'li Geçmiş Zaman</u></big>''' ==
We use this tense for actions that happened in past. Its suffixes are -DI (-dı, -di, -du, -dü, -tı, -ti, -tu, -tü). For example: O, soğan doğra'''dı'''. She slice'''d''' onions.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>TURKISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''
 
'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''
'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|'''I CAME'''
|'''''behn gehl dihm'''''
|'''<big>BEN  GELDİM</big>'''
|'''''ben gueLdim'''''
|'''EU VIM'''
|-
|'''YOU CAME'''
|'''''sehn gehl dihn'''''
|'''<big>SEN  GELDİN</big>'''
|'''''sen gueLdin'''''
|'''VOCÊ VEIO'''
|-
|'''HE / SHE / IT'''
'''CAME'''
|'''''oh gehl dih'''''
|'''<big>O  GELDİ</big>'''
|'''''o gueLdí'''''
|'''ELE / ELA / ISSO'''
'''VEIO'''
|-
|'''WE CAME'''
|'''''bihz gehl dihk'''''
|'''<big>BİZ  GELDİK</big>'''
|'''''biz gueLdík'''''
|'''NÓS VIEMOS'''
|-
|'''YOU CAME'''
|'''''sihz gehl dih nihz'''''
|'''<big>SİZ  GELDİNİZ</big>'''
|'''''siz gueLdiníz'''''
|'''VOCÊS VIERAM'''
|-
|'''THEY'''
'''CAME'''
|'''''ohn lahr'''''
'''''gehl dih lehr'''''
|'''<big>ONLAR</big>''' 
'''<big>GELDİLER</big>'''
|'''''onlár'''''
'''''gueLdilér'''''
|'''ELES / ELAS'''
'''VIERAM'''
|-
| colspan="5" |
=== '''****When use past tence, -Di will be changed as a -Ti,-Ta, Te,Tı,Ti''' ===
|-
|'''I WENT'''
|'''behn gith tim'''
|'''BEN GİTTİM'''
|
|
|-
|'''YOU WENT'''
|'''sehn gith tin'''
|'''SEN GİTTİN'''
|
|
|-
|'''HE/SHE WENT'''
|'''o gith ti'''
|'''O GİTTİ'''
|
|
|-
|'''WE WENT'''
|'''bihz gith tik'''
|'''BİZ GİTTİK'''
|
|
|-
|'''YOU WENT'''
|'''sihz gith tiniz'''
|'''SİZ GİTTİNİZ'''
|
|
|-
|'''THEY WENT'''
|'''ohn lahr gith tiler'''
|'''ONLAR GİTTİLER'''
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|'''I CAME HOME'''
|'''''behn eh veh gehl dihm'''''
|'''<big>BEN EVE GELDİM</big>'''
|'''''ben evé gueLdim'''''
|'''EU VIM PRA CASA'''
|-
|'''YOU CAME HOME'''
|'''''sehn eh veh gehl dihn'''''
|'''<big>SEN EVE GELDİN</big>'''
|'''''sen evé gueLdin'''''
|'''VOCÊ VEIO PRA CASA'''
|-
|'''HE CAME HOME'''
|'''''oh eh veh gehl dih'''''
|'''<big>O EVE GELDİ</big>'''
|'''''o evé gueLdí'''''
|'''ELE / ELA / ISSO'''
'''VEIO  PRA CASA'''
|-
|'''WE CAME HOME'''
|'''''bihz eh veh gehl dihk'''''
|'''<big>BİZ EVE GELDİK</big>'''
|'''''biz evé gueLdík'''''
|'''NÓS VIEMOS PRA CASA'''
|-
|'''YOU CAME HOME'''
|'''''sihz eh veh gehl dih nihz'''''
|<big>'''SİZ EVE GELDİNİZ'''</big>
|'''''siz evé gueLdiníz'''''
|'''VOCÊS VIERAM PRA CASA'''
|-
|'''THEY CAME'''
 
'''HOME'''
|'''''ohn lahr eh veh'''''
'''''gehl dih lehr'''''
|<big>'''ONLAR EVE'''</big>
 
<big>'''GELDİLER'''</big>
|'''''onlár evé'''''
'''''gueLdilér'''''
|'''ELES / ELAS'''
'''VIERAM PRA CASA'''
|}
 
=== '''<big>Not defined in English -  Öğrenilen /Miş'li Geçmiş Zaman</big>''' ===
Not defined Past Tense or Öğrenilen Geçmiş Zaman is also used for actions that happened in past but only if we didn't witness it and heard from someone else or that we have just found out. Its suffixes are -mIş (-mış, -miş, -muş, -müş). For example: Duydum ki arkadaşın Rusya'dan dön'''müş'''. I heard your friend came back from Russia. '''(we didn't see it but we heard it from someone)'''
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>TURKISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''
 
'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''
'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|'''I CAME'''
|
|Ben gelmişim
|
|
|-
|'''YOU CAME'''
|
|Sen gelmişsin
|
|
|-
|'''HE / SHE / IT'''
'''CAME'''
|
|O gelmiş
|
|
|-
|'''WE CAME'''
|
|Biz gelmişiz
|
|
|-
|'''YOU CAME'''
|
|Siz gelmişsiniz
|
|
|-
|'''THEY'''
'''CAME'''
|
|Onlar gelmişler
|
|
|}
 
=== '''<big>Simple Past Perfect -  Öğrenilen Geçmiş Zamanın Hikayesi</big>''' ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>TURKISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''
 
'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''
'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|'''I HAD CAME'''
|
|Ben gelmiştim
|
|
|-
|'''YOU HAD CAME'''
|
|Sen gelmiştin
|
|
|-
|'''HE / SHE / IT'''
'''HAD CAME'''
|
|O gelmişti
|
|
|-
|'''WE HAD CAME'''
|
|Biz gelmiştik
|
|
|-
|'''YOU HAD CAME'''
|
|Siz gelmiştiniz
|
|
|-
|'''THEY HAD'''
'''CAME'''
|
|Onlar gelmiştiler
|
|
|}
 
=== '''<big>Not defined in English</big>''' '''<big>- Öğrenilen Geçmiş Zamanın Şartı</big>''' ===
This tense is used to describe the result of an action that happened in the past (like the action is the reason) but we didn't witness that action. Its suffixes are: -mIş+sA. For example: Burhan Tuğçeyi sev''miş'''''se''', neden bunu ona itiraf etmedi? '''If''' Burhan loved Tugce ''(we have just found out that he loved her)'' why didn't he admit it to her?
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>TURKISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''
 
'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''
'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|'''I CAME'''
|
|Ben gelmişsem
|
|
|-
|'''YOU CAME'''
|
|Sen gelmişsen
|
|
|-
|'''HE / SHE / IT'''
'''CAME'''
|
|O gelmişse
|
|
|-
|'''WE CAME'''
|
|Biz gelmişsek
|
|
|-
|'''YOU CAME'''
|
|Siz gelmişseniz
|
|
|-
|'''THEY'''
'''CAME'''
|
|Onlar gelmişseler
|
|
|}
 
=== '''<big>Not defined in English</big>''' '''<big>- Görülen Geçmiş Zamanın Şartı</big>''' ===
This tense is used to describe the result of an action that happened in the past (like the action is the reason). Its suffixes are: -DI+y+sE. (we add "Y" because two vowels can't be next to each other). For example: Ödevini bitir''di''y'''se'''n gidip dinlen. '''If''' you finish''ed'' your homework, go and take a rest.
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>TURKISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''
 
'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''
'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|'''I CAME'''
|
|Ben geldiysem
|
|
|-
|'''YOU CAME'''
|
|Sen geldiysen
|
|
|-
|'''HE / SHE / IT'''
'''CAME'''
|
|O geldiyse
|
|
|-
|'''WE CAME'''
|
|Biz geldiysek
|
|
|-
|'''YOU CAME'''
|
|Siz geldiyseniz
|
|
|-
|'''THEY'''
'''CAME'''
|
|Onlar geldiyseler
|
|
|}
 
'''<big><u>PRONOUN + OBJECT + VERB STEM + -DI, -Dİ, -DU, -DÜ / PRONOME + OBJETO + RAIZ DO VERBO + -DI, -Dİ, -DU, -DÜ</u></big>'''
 
 
 
=== '''<big>CONJUGATION (EK-FİİL)</big>''' ===
Turkish grammer and sentence structure is little bit different from other european language. Turks are using the verb at the end of the sentence. but the Turkish grammer is the same about the pronouns and conjugation.  Past Tense (Geçmiş Zaman) consists of two parts : -Di'li Geçmiz zaman (görülen) and -Miş'li Geçmiş Zaman (duyulan). we see the action and the action is exactly finish (completed) in -Di'li Geçmiş Zaman . On the other hand the action is not seen or heard by the subject ( pronoun) and the action learned or known afterward in the Miş'li geçmiş zaman. but the basic past tense in Turkish is -Di'li Geçmiş zaman. we make the simple past tense in Turkish language with adding the addition -dı, - di, -du, -dü (-tı, -ti, -tu, -tü ) to the verb stem. now I am present you to table about the past tenses conjugation.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!pronouns
!pronouns
Line 48: Line 472:


''Onlar eve gel'''diler'''.  (They came home).''
''Onlar eve gel'''diler'''.  (They came home).''
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Count-from-1-to-10|Count from 1 to 10]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/The-Inclusive-Case-in-Turkish|The Inclusive Case in Turkish]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Prepositions|Prepositions]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Definite-Articles-in-Turkish|Definite Articles in Turkish]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/The-Genitive-Case-in-Turkish|The Genitive Case in Turkish]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Comaratives-and-Superlatives|Comaratives and Superlatives]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/REİTERATİVE|REİTERATİVE]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Be-Polite|Be Polite]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 22:01, 26 March 2023

Past Tense in Turkish
Past Tense in Turkish


Hello everybody,

In today's lesson you will learn how to use the ¨PAST TENSE¨ in Turkish.

Feel free to edit this page by adding new words and expressions!

Happy learning! :)


Past Tense in Turkish is easy. The main 2 types of Past tense is Görülen (simple past) and Öğrenilen (not defined past). There are also many mixed types of past tense.


As you complete your study of this topic, consider these connected lessons to continue your learning: REİTERATİVE, Gender, The Nominative Case in Turkish & Adjectives.

Simple Past Tense - Görünen /Di'li Geçmiş Zaman[edit | edit source]

We use this tense for actions that happened in past. Its suffixes are -DI (-dı, -di, -du, -dü, -tı, -ti, -tu, -tü). For example: O, soğan doğradı. She sliced onions.

ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION

ENGLISH

TURKISH PRONUNCIATION

BRAZILIAN

PORTUGUESE

BRAZILIAN

PORTUGUESE

I CAME behn gehl dihm BEN GELDİM ben gueLdim EU VIM
YOU CAME sehn gehl dihn SEN GELDİN sen gueLdin VOCÊ VEIO
HE / SHE / IT

CAME

oh gehl dih O GELDİ o gueLdí ELE / ELA / ISSO

VEIO

WE CAME bihz gehl dihk BİZ GELDİK biz gueLdík NÓS VIEMOS
YOU CAME sihz gehl dih nihz SİZ GELDİNİZ siz gueLdiníz VOCÊS VIERAM
THEY

CAME

ohn lahr

gehl dih lehr

ONLAR

GELDİLER

onlár

gueLdilér

ELES / ELAS

VIERAM

****When use past tence, -Di will be changed as a -Ti,-Ta, Te,Tı,Ti[edit | edit source]

I WENT behn gith tim BEN GİTTİM
YOU WENT sehn gith tin SEN GİTTİN
HE/SHE WENT o gith ti O GİTTİ
WE WENT bihz gith tik BİZ GİTTİK
YOU WENT sihz gith tiniz SİZ GİTTİNİZ
THEY WENT ohn lahr gith tiler ONLAR GİTTİLER
I CAME HOME behn eh veh gehl dihm BEN EVE GELDİM ben evé gueLdim EU VIM PRA CASA
YOU CAME HOME sehn eh veh gehl dihn SEN EVE GELDİN sen evé gueLdin VOCÊ VEIO PRA CASA
HE CAME HOME oh eh veh gehl dih O EVE GELDİ o evé gueLdí ELE / ELA / ISSO

VEIO PRA CASA

WE CAME HOME bihz eh veh gehl dihk BİZ EVE GELDİK biz evé gueLdík NÓS VIEMOS PRA CASA
YOU CAME HOME sihz eh veh gehl dih nihz SİZ EVE GELDİNİZ siz evé gueLdiníz VOCÊS VIERAM PRA CASA
THEY CAME

HOME

ohn lahr eh veh

gehl dih lehr

ONLAR EVE

GELDİLER

onlár evé

gueLdilér

ELES / ELAS

VIERAM PRA CASA

Not defined in English - Öğrenilen /Miş'li Geçmiş Zaman[edit | edit source]

Not defined Past Tense or Öğrenilen Geçmiş Zaman is also used for actions that happened in past but only if we didn't witness it and heard from someone else or that we have just found out. Its suffixes are -mIş (-mış, -miş, -muş, -müş). For example: Duydum ki arkadaşın Rusya'dan dönmüş. I heard your friend came back from Russia. (we didn't see it but we heard it from someone)

ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION

ENGLISH

TURKISH PRONUNCIATION

BRAZILIAN

PORTUGUESE

BRAZILIAN

PORTUGUESE

I CAME Ben gelmişim
YOU CAME Sen gelmişsin
HE / SHE / IT

CAME

O gelmiş
WE CAME Biz gelmişiz
YOU CAME Siz gelmişsiniz
THEY

CAME

Onlar gelmişler

Simple Past Perfect - Öğrenilen Geçmiş Zamanın Hikayesi[edit | edit source]

ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION

ENGLISH

TURKISH PRONUNCIATION

BRAZILIAN

PORTUGUESE

BRAZILIAN

PORTUGUESE

I HAD CAME Ben gelmiştim
YOU HAD CAME Sen gelmiştin
HE / SHE / IT

HAD CAME

O gelmişti
WE HAD CAME Biz gelmiştik
YOU HAD CAME Siz gelmiştiniz
THEY HAD

CAME

Onlar gelmiştiler

Not defined in English - Öğrenilen Geçmiş Zamanın Şartı[edit | edit source]

This tense is used to describe the result of an action that happened in the past (like the action is the reason) but we didn't witness that action. Its suffixes are: -mIş+sA. For example: Burhan Tuğçeyi sevmişse, neden bunu ona itiraf etmedi? If Burhan loved Tugce (we have just found out that he loved her) why didn't he admit it to her?

ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION

ENGLISH

TURKISH PRONUNCIATION

BRAZILIAN

PORTUGUESE

BRAZILIAN

PORTUGUESE

I CAME Ben gelmişsem
YOU CAME Sen gelmişsen
HE / SHE / IT

CAME

O gelmişse
WE CAME Biz gelmişsek
YOU CAME Siz gelmişseniz
THEY

CAME

Onlar gelmişseler

Not defined in English - Görülen Geçmiş Zamanın Şartı[edit | edit source]

This tense is used to describe the result of an action that happened in the past (like the action is the reason). Its suffixes are: -DI+y+sE. (we add "Y" because two vowels can't be next to each other). For example: Ödevini bitirdiysen gidip dinlen. If you finished your homework, go and take a rest.

ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION

ENGLISH

TURKISH PRONUNCIATION

BRAZILIAN

PORTUGUESE

BRAZILIAN

PORTUGUESE

I CAME Ben geldiysem
YOU CAME Sen geldiysen
HE / SHE / IT

CAME

O geldiyse
WE CAME Biz geldiysek
YOU CAME Siz geldiyseniz
THEY

CAME

Onlar geldiyseler

PRONOUN + OBJECT + VERB STEM + -DI, -Dİ, -DU, -DÜ / PRONOME + OBJETO + RAIZ DO VERBO + -DI, -Dİ, -DU, -DÜ


CONJUGATION (EK-FİİL)[edit | edit source]

Turkish grammer and sentence structure is little bit different from other european language. Turks are using the verb at the end of the sentence. but the Turkish grammer is the same about the pronouns and conjugation. Past Tense (Geçmiş Zaman) consists of two parts : -Di'li Geçmiz zaman (görülen) and -Miş'li Geçmiş Zaman (duyulan). we see the action and the action is exactly finish (completed) in -Di'li Geçmiş Zaman . On the other hand the action is not seen or heard by the subject ( pronoun) and the action learned or known afterward in the Miş'li geçmiş zaman. but the basic past tense in Turkish is -Di'li Geçmiş zaman. we make the simple past tense in Turkish language with adding the addition -dı, - di, -du, -dü (-tı, -ti, -tu, -tü ) to the verb stem. now I am present you to table about the past tenses conjugation.

pronouns conjugation pronouns conjugation
ben gel - dim I came
sen gel - din you came
o gel - di he/she/it came
biz gel - dik we came
siz gel - diniz you came
onlar gel - diler they came

Ben eve geldim. ( I came home). Pronoun + object + Verb stem + -dı, -di, -du, -dü .

Sen eve geldin. (You came home).

O eve geldi. (He came home).

Biz eve geldik. (We came home).

Siz eve geldiniz. (You came home).

Onlar eve geldiler. (They came home).

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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