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<div class="pg_page_title">Classical Quechua Grammar - Negation</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Classical Quechua Grammar - Negation</div>
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/classical-quechua Classical Quechua] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will be discussing the basics of negation in Classical Quechua. Negation is an important part of any language, and it is essential to understand how to use it correctly in order to communicate effectively. We will look at the different ways to express negation in Classical Quechua, as well as some examples of how to use them. __TOC__


Negation is a way of expressing the opposite of something. In Classical Quechua, there are several ways to express negation. The most common way is to use the particle ''mana'' (pronounced [ˈmana], IPA: /ˈmana/). This particle is placed before the verb to indicate that the action or statement is not true. For example:
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/classical-quechua Classical Quechua] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will be discussing negation in Classical Quechua. Negation is an important element of grammar in any language because it allows us to express negation of actions or properties. Negation allows us to express "no" or "not" in Classical Quechua.  


* Mana yachan. (I don't eat.)
__TOC__


Another way to express negation is to use the particle ''ama'' (pronounced [ˈama], IPA: /ˈama/). This particle is placed after the verb to indicate that the action or statement is not true. For example:
== Negation in Classical Quechua ==


* Yachan ama. (I don't eat.)
In Classical Quechua, negation (denoted by "man") is usually placed before the verb it negates. For example:


The particle ''mana'' can also be used to express a negative command. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Quechua !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| manam || /ma'nam/ || no, not, nothing
|-
| chay || /ʧaj/ || this 
|-
| kani || /'kani/ ||  to buy
|-
| chay kani || /ʧaj 'kani/ ||  to buy this (positive)
|-
| manam kani || /ma'nam 'kani/ ||  not to buy (negative)
|}


* Mana yachay. (Don't eat!)
In the example above, "manam" is used to express negation. The word "kani" means "to buy," and "chay kani" means "to buy this" while "manam kani" means "not to buy."


Finally, the particle ''mana'' can also be used to express a negative question. For example:
Some examples to illustrate the point:


* Mana yachanki? (Don't you eat?)
* Person 1: Chayqa kani. (I will buy this.)
* Person 2: Manam kani. (I will not buy.)


It is important to note that the particles ''mana'' and ''ama'' can be combined with other particles to form more complex negations. For example:
Here, the negation marker "manam" negates the verb "kani" (to buy). As a result, Person 2 is expressing that they will not buy the item in question.  


* Mana imamanta yachan. (I don't eat anything.)
== Placement of "Man" ==


In addition to the particles ''mana'' and ''ama'', there are also other words and phrases that can be used to express negation in Classical Quechua. For example:
As we have seen, "man" is usually placed before the verb it negates. For example:


* Imapaq mana. (It's not true.)
* Manam kani (Not to buy)
* Mana allin. (It's not good.)
* Manam llapaqa munasqa (I did not see the beautiful woman)
* Mana yachashunchik. (We don't eat.)


Now that you know the basics of negation in Classical Quechua, let's look at some examples of how to use it in a sentence.  
In the example above, "manam" negates the verb "kani" (to buy) and "llapaqa munasqa" (saw the beautiful woman).  


Table: Examples of Negation in Classical Quechua
However, in some cases, "man" may also be placed after the verb it negates. For example:


| Classical Quechua | Pronunciation | English Translation |
* sayk'uqmanmi (not a drunkard)
|-------------------|---------------|--------------------|
* wasimantaqmi (not hot)
| Mana yachan. | [ˈmana ˈjatʃan] | I don't eat. |
| Yachan ama. | [ˈjatʃan ˈama] | I don't eat. |
| Mana yachay. | [ˈmana ˈjatʃaj] | Don't eat! |
| Mana yachanki? | [ˈmana ˈjatʃaŋki] | Don't you eat? |
| Mana imamanta yachan. | [ˈmana iˈmamanta ˈjatʃan] | I don't eat anything. |
| Imapaq mana. | [iˈmapak ˈmana] | It's not true. |
| Mana allin. | [ˈmana ˈaʎin] | It's not good. |
| Mana yachashunchik. | [ˈmana ˈjatʃaʃuŋtʃik] | We don't eat. |


As you can see, negation in Classical Quechua is quite straightforward. With practice and patience, you will soon be able to use it correctly in your conversations.  
In the example above, "man" is placed after the verb "sayk'uq" (drunkard) and "wasimantaq" (hot).  


<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
== The Negative Particle "Mana" ==


In addition to "man," Classical Quechua also has a negative particle, "mana," which is used to deny the existence of a quality or thing. For example:


==Related Lessons==
{|class="wikitable"
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
! Classical Quechua !! Pronunciation !! English
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
|-
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Gramatical-generalities|Gramatical generalities]]
| mana || /'mana/ || no, not
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
|-
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
| ima sumaq p'anqa || /'ima 'sumaq 'paɲqa/ || he is a beautiful bird.
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
|-
| mana ima sumaq p'anqa || /'mana 'ima 'sumaq 'paɲqa/ || he is not a beautiful bird.
|}
 
In the above example, "mana" denies the existence of the quality "sumaq" (beautiful) and negates the sentence.
 
Here is an example to illustrate the point:
 
* Person 1: Kaymi lliwniyki. (I have a green shirt.)
* Person 2: Mana lliwniyki. (I do not have a green shirt.)
 
In the example above, "mana" is used to deny the existence of the quality "green" in Person 2's shirt, thereby negating the sentence.
 
== Conclusion ==  
 
In conclusion, negation is an important element of Classical Quechua grammar and allows us to express "no" or "not" in various contexts. Remember that "man" is used to negate verbs, while "mana" is used to negate qualities or things. By practicing negation, you can improve your Classical Quechua grammar and communication skills.
 
To improve your [[Language/Classical-quechua|Classical Quechua]] [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=100 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/classical-quechua/question questions]!
 
== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechuan_languages Quechuan languages on Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Quechua Classical Quechua on Wikipedia]
 
{{#seo:
|title=Classical Quechua Grammar - Negation
|keywords=Classical Quechua, Quechuan languages, negation, grammar, language learning
|description=In this lesson, we will be discussing negation in Classical Quechua. Negation is an important element of grammar in any language because it allows us to express negation of actions or properties.
}}


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{{Classical-quechua-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 18:03, 5 March 2023

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Classical Quechua Grammar - Negation

Hi Classical Quechua learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will be discussing negation in Classical Quechua. Negation is an important element of grammar in any language because it allows us to express negation of actions or properties. Negation allows us to express "no" or "not" in Classical Quechua.

Negation in Classical Quechua

In Classical Quechua, negation (denoted by "man") is usually placed before the verb it negates. For example:

Quechua Pronunciation English
manam /ma'nam/ no, not, nothing
chay /ʧaj/ this
kani /'kani/ to buy
chay kani /ʧaj 'kani/ to buy this (positive)
manam kani /ma'nam 'kani/ not to buy (negative)

In the example above, "manam" is used to express negation. The word "kani" means "to buy," and "chay kani" means "to buy this" while "manam kani" means "not to buy."

Some examples to illustrate the point:

  • Person 1: Chayqa kani. (I will buy this.)
  • Person 2: Manam kani. (I will not buy.)

Here, the negation marker "manam" negates the verb "kani" (to buy). As a result, Person 2 is expressing that they will not buy the item in question.

Placement of "Man"

As we have seen, "man" is usually placed before the verb it negates. For example:

  • Manam kani (Not to buy)
  • Manam llapaqa munasqa (I did not see the beautiful woman)

In the example above, "manam" negates the verb "kani" (to buy) and "llapaqa munasqa" (saw the beautiful woman).

However, in some cases, "man" may also be placed after the verb it negates. For example:

  • sayk'uqmanmi (not a drunkard)
  • wasimantaqmi (not hot)

In the example above, "man" is placed after the verb "sayk'uq" (drunkard) and "wasimantaq" (hot).

The Negative Particle "Mana"

In addition to "man," Classical Quechua also has a negative particle, "mana," which is used to deny the existence of a quality or thing. For example:

Classical Quechua Pronunciation English
mana /'mana/ no, not
ima sumaq p'anqa /'ima 'sumaq 'paɲqa/ he is a beautiful bird.
mana ima sumaq p'anqa /'mana 'ima 'sumaq 'paɲqa/ he is not a beautiful bird.

In the above example, "mana" denies the existence of the quality "sumaq" (beautiful) and negates the sentence.

Here is an example to illustrate the point:

  • Person 1: Kaymi lliwniyki. (I have a green shirt.)
  • Person 2: Mana lliwniyki. (I do not have a green shirt.)

In the example above, "mana" is used to deny the existence of the quality "green" in Person 2's shirt, thereby negating the sentence.

Conclusion

In conclusion, negation is an important element of Classical Quechua grammar and allows us to express "no" or "not" in various contexts. Remember that "man" is used to negate verbs, while "mana" is used to negate qualities or things. By practicing negation, you can improve your Classical Quechua grammar and communication skills.

To improve your Classical Quechua Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources


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