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<div class="pg_page_title">Standard Latvian Grammar - Negation</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Standard Latvian Grammar - Negation</div>
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/standard-latvian Standard Latvian] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will be discussing the basics of negation in Standard Latvian. Negation is an important part of any language, and it is essential to understand how to use it correctly in order to communicate effectively. __TOC__


Negation is the process of making a statement false by using words or phrases that indicate the opposite of what is being said. In Standard Latvian, there are several ways to express negation.  
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/standard-latvian Standard Latvian] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn about negation in Standard Latvian. Negation is a vital part of any language, and not only does it allow us to express negative ideas, but it also enables us to describe things that are not. Before diving into this lesson, you should have a basic understanding of Standard Latvian grammar, including the cases, verb tenses, and word order. If you need help with the basics, please visit our [https://polyglotclub.com/language/standard-latvian/grammar Grammar] page.  


The most common way to express negation is to use the word ''ne''. This word is placed before the verb in a sentence to make it negative. For example:
__TOC__


* ''Es neeju'' - I don't go
== Negation Particles ==
* ''Viņš nezina'' - He doesn't know
In Standard Latvian, we use special particles to create negative verb forms. Two such particles are used in negative sentences: ''ne'' and ''nav.''  


Another way to express negation is to use the word ''nav''. This word is placed after the verb in a sentence to make it negative. For example:
''Ne'' is placed in front of the verb, while ''nav'' is a form of the verb ''būt'' (to be) that we use only in the present tense. Remember that you should choose between ''ne'' and ''nav'' based on the tense of the verb you are negating.  


* ''Es eju nav'' - I don't go
For example:
* ''Viņš zina nav'' - He doesn't know


It is also possible to use the word ''nekad'' to express negation. This word is placed at the end of a sentence to make it negative. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Positive Sentence !! Negative Sentence
|-
| Es lasu grāmatu. (I am reading a book.) || Es neskatījos televīziju. (I am not watching TV.)
|-
| Viņš aiziet uz skolu. (He is going to school.) || Viņš neaiziet uz skolu. (He is not going to school.)
|-
| Mēs dziedāsim vakarā. (We will sing tonight.) || Mēs nedziedāsim vakarā. (We will not sing tonight.)
|}


* ''Es nekad neeju'' - I never go
Remember, use ''ne'' with all verbs except the verb ''būt'' in the present tense, where we use ''nav.''
* ''Viņš nekad nezina'' - He never knows


Finally, it is possible to use the word ''nevienmēr'' to express negation. This word is placed at the end of a sentence to make it negative. For example:
== Placement of Negation Particles ==


* ''Es nevienmēr neeju'' - I don't always go
Where you put ''ne'' or ''nav'' is straightforward. Both particles are always placed before the verb in the sentence they negate.
* ''Viņš nevienmēr nezina'' - He doesn't always know


==Practice==
{| class="wikitable"
To improve your [[Language/Standard-latvian|Standard Latvian]] [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=74 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/standard-latvian/question questions]!
! Positive Sentence !! Negative Sentence
|-
| Es lasu grāmatu. (I am reading a book.) || Es neskatījos televīziju. (I am not watching TV.)
|-
| Viņš aiziet uz skolu. (He is going to school.) || Viņš neaiziet uz skolu. (He is not going to school.)
|-
| Mēs dziedāsim vakarā. (We will sing tonight.) || Mēs nedziedāsim vakarā. (We will not sing tonight.)
|}


Below is a table with some examples of negation in Standard Latvian.
If you want to use more complex sentences with two verbs, then place the particle in front of the second verb:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Positive Sentence !! Negative Sentence
|-
|-
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
| Es mācos un strādāju. (I study and work.) || Es nemācos, nedz strādāju. (I am not studying, nor working.)
|}
 
== Negation of Nouns and Adjectives ==
Negation can also apply to nouns and adjectives. We do this by adding the negation particle ''nav'' before the noun or adjective in question. For example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Positive Sentence !! Negative Sentence
|-
|-
| Es neeju || Es nee-yoo || I don't go
| Tēja ir karsta. (The tea is hot.) || Tēja nav karsta. (The tea is not hot.)
|-
|-
| Viņš nezina || Vinsh ne-zee-na || He doesn't know
| Āboli ir saldi. (Apples are sweet.) || Āboli nav saldi.  (Apples are not sweet.)
|-
|-
| Es eju nav || Es ee-yoo nahv || I don't go
| Māja ir liela. (The house is big.) || Māja nav liela. (The house is not big.)
|}
 
Like with verb negation, we only use ''nav'' for the present tense of the verb ''būt'' (to be). For past tense sentence, we use ''nebija'':
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Positive Sentence !! Negative Sentence
|-
|-
| Viņš zina nav || Vinsh zee-na nahv || He doesn't know
| Putni bija skaisti. (The birds were beautiful.) || Putni nebija skaisti. (The birds were not beautiful.)
|}
 
== Dialogue ==
 
A dialogue between two people can help you understand negation in context:
 
* Person 1: Vai tu dzīvo Rīgā? (Do you live in Riga?)
* Person 2: Nē, es neesoju Rīgā. (No, I don't live in Riga.)
 
* Person 1: Vai jums ir suns? (Do you have a dog?)
* Person 2: Nē, mēs neesam suni. (No, we don't have a dog.)
 
* Person 1: Vai tu lasi žurnālu? (Do you read a magazine?)
* Person 2: Nē, es nelasu žurnālu. (No, I don't read a magazine.)
 
== More Examples ==
Here are more examples of negation in Standard Latvian:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Positive Sentence !! Negative Sentence
|-
|-
| Es nekad neeju || Es ne-kahd nee-yoo || I never go
| Viņš man palīdz. (He helps me.) || Viņš man nepalīdz. (He does not help me.)
|-
|-
| Viņš nekad nezina || Vinsh ne-kahd ne-zee-na || He never knows
| Es gribu maizi. (I want bread.) || Es negribu maizi. (I don't want bread.)
|-
|-
| Es nevienmēr neeju || Es ne-vee-en-mehr nee-yoo || I don't always go
| Viņa redz zirgu. (She sees a horse.) || Viņa ne redz zirgu. (She doesn't see a horse.)
|-
| Viņš nevienmēr nezina || Vinsh ne-vee-en-mehr ne-zee-na || He doesn't always know
|}
|}
== Conclusion ==
Negation is a vital part of any language, and with this lesson, you have learned the basics of negation in Standard Latvian. You now know how to use the negation particles ''ne'' and ''nav'' with verbs, nouns, and adjectives. To continue to improve your Standard Latvian language skills, you can use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=74 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/standard-latvian/question questions]!


<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_language Latvian Language]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_particle Grammatical Particle]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar_of_Latvian_language Grammar of Latvian Language]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negation Negation]


==Related Lessons==
{{#seo:
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
|title=Standard Latvian Grammar - Negation
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
|keywords=Standard Latvian, Negation, Grammar, particles, examples
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
|description=Learn about negation in Standard Latvian with the use of particles "ne" and "nav" for verbs, nouns and adjectives. Examples included!
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
}}
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]


{{Standard-latvian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Standard-latvian-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 16:41, 5 March 2023

Latvian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Standard Latvian Grammar - Negation

Hi Standard Latvian learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about negation in Standard Latvian. Negation is a vital part of any language, and not only does it allow us to express negative ideas, but it also enables us to describe things that are not. Before diving into this lesson, you should have a basic understanding of Standard Latvian grammar, including the cases, verb tenses, and word order. If you need help with the basics, please visit our Grammar page.

Negation Particles

In Standard Latvian, we use special particles to create negative verb forms. Two such particles are used in negative sentences: ne and nav.

Ne is placed in front of the verb, while nav is a form of the verb būt (to be) that we use only in the present tense. Remember that you should choose between ne and nav based on the tense of the verb you are negating.

For example:

Positive Sentence Negative Sentence
Es lasu grāmatu. (I am reading a book.) Es neskatījos televīziju. (I am not watching TV.)
Viņš aiziet uz skolu. (He is going to school.) Viņš neaiziet uz skolu. (He is not going to school.)
Mēs dziedāsim vakarā. (We will sing tonight.) Mēs nedziedāsim vakarā. (We will not sing tonight.)

Remember, use ne with all verbs except the verb būt in the present tense, where we use nav.

Placement of Negation Particles

Where you put ne or nav is straightforward. Both particles are always placed before the verb in the sentence they negate.

Positive Sentence Negative Sentence
Es lasu grāmatu. (I am reading a book.) Es neskatījos televīziju. (I am not watching TV.)
Viņš aiziet uz skolu. (He is going to school.) Viņš neaiziet uz skolu. (He is not going to school.)
Mēs dziedāsim vakarā. (We will sing tonight.) Mēs nedziedāsim vakarā. (We will not sing tonight.)

If you want to use more complex sentences with two verbs, then place the particle in front of the second verb:

Positive Sentence Negative Sentence
Es mācos un strādāju. (I study and work.) Es nemācos, nedz strādāju. (I am not studying, nor working.)

Negation of Nouns and Adjectives

Negation can also apply to nouns and adjectives. We do this by adding the negation particle nav before the noun or adjective in question. For example:

Positive Sentence Negative Sentence
Tēja ir karsta. (The tea is hot.) Tēja nav karsta. (The tea is not hot.)
Āboli ir saldi. (Apples are sweet.) Āboli nav saldi. (Apples are not sweet.)
Māja ir liela. (The house is big.) Māja nav liela. (The house is not big.)

Like with verb negation, we only use nav for the present tense of the verb būt (to be). For past tense sentence, we use nebija:

Positive Sentence Negative Sentence
Putni bija skaisti. (The birds were beautiful.) Putni nebija skaisti. (The birds were not beautiful.)

Dialogue

A dialogue between two people can help you understand negation in context:

  • Person 1: Vai tu dzīvo Rīgā? (Do you live in Riga?)
  • Person 2: Nē, es neesoju Rīgā. (No, I don't live in Riga.)
  • Person 1: Vai jums ir suns? (Do you have a dog?)
  • Person 2: Nē, mēs neesam suni. (No, we don't have a dog.)
  • Person 1: Vai tu lasi žurnālu? (Do you read a magazine?)
  • Person 2: Nē, es nelasu žurnālu. (No, I don't read a magazine.)

More Examples

Here are more examples of negation in Standard Latvian:

Positive Sentence Negative Sentence
Viņš man palīdz. (He helps me.) Viņš man nepalīdz. (He does not help me.)
Es gribu maizi. (I want bread.) Es negribu maizi. (I don't want bread.)
Viņa redz zirgu. (She sees a horse.) Viņa ne redz zirgu. (She doesn't see a horse.)

Conclusion

Negation is a vital part of any language, and with this lesson, you have learned the basics of negation in Standard Latvian. You now know how to use the negation particles ne and nav with verbs, nouns, and adjectives. To continue to improve your Standard Latvian language skills, you can use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Sources


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