Difference between revisions of "Language/Portuguese/Grammar/Negation"

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<div class="pg_page_title">Portuguese Grammar - Negation</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Portuguese Grammar - Negation</div>
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/portuguese Portuguese] learners! 😊


Negation is an important part of any language, and Portuguese is no exception. In this lesson, we will look at the different ways to express negation in Portuguese. We will also look at some examples of how to use them in sentences.  
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/portuguese Portuguese] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will focus on the use of negation in Portuguese, which is a very important part of the language. We will look at negative adverbs, negative pronouns, and the use of "não" and "nem" to create negative sentences. In addition to the grammar rules, we will also share some cultural information and interesting facts about the use of negation in Portuguese. So, let's get started!


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Não ==
== Negative adverbs ==


The most common way to express negation in Portuguese is with the word "não". This is used to negate verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and other words. For example:  
Negative adverbs in Portuguese are used to negate the meaning of a verb or adjective. Some common negative adverbs are "nunca" (never), "jamais" (never/ever), "nada" (nothing), "ninguém" (nobody), "nem" (neither/nor). Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
! Portuguese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
! Portuguese !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
| Ele nunca bebe álcool. || el-ee noo-nca be-be ah-co-ol || He never drinks alcohol.
|-
|-
| Eu não sei || eh-oo nown say || I don't know
| Eles jamais vão concordar. || el-es ja-mais vão con-coo-rdar || They will never agree.
|-
|-
| Ele não é alto || eh-lee nown ay ahl-toh || He is not tall
| Não tenho nada para fazer. || nao ten-oo na-da pa-ra fa-zer || I have nothing to do.
|-
|-
| Ela não está feliz || eh-lah nown es-tah feh-leez || She is not happy
| Ninguém quer ir ao cinema. || nin-guém ker eer ah-o sin-ema || Nobody wants to go to the cinema.
|-
|-
| Nós não somos ricos || nohs nown soh-mohs ree-kohs || We are not rich
| Nem eu nem ele gostamos de futebol. || nem e-u nem e-le gost-amus de foo-te-ball || Neither he nor I like football.
|-
| Vocês não são bons || voh-sehs nown sah-oohn bohns || You (plural) are not good
|}
|}


== Nem ==
== Negative pronouns ==


Another way to express negation in Portuguese is with the word "nem". This is used to negate two or more items in a sentence. For example:  
Negative pronouns in Portuguese are used to replace nouns in a negative sentence. They are used to express the idea of "nobody", "nothing", or "nowhere". Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Portuguese !! Pronunciation !! English
! Portuguese !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| Eu não sei nem entendo || eh-oo nown say nem en-ten-doh || I don't know nor understand
|-
| Ele não é alto nem baixo || eh-lee nown ay ahl-toh nem bah-ee-shoh || He is neither tall nor short
|-
|-
| Ela não está feliz nem triste || eh-lah nown es-tah feh-leez nem tree-shtay || She is neither happy nor sad
| Não vi ninguém na rua. || nao vee nin-guem na rua || I didn't see anybody in the street.
|-
|-
| Nós não somos ricos nem pobres || nohs nown soh-mohs ree-kohs nem poh-brehs || We are neither rich nor poor
| Não temos nada na geladeira. || nao te-mus na-da na je-la-dee-ra || We have nothing in the fridge.
|-
|-
| Vocês não são bons nem ruins || voh-sehs nown sah-oohn bohns nem hoo-eenz || You (plural) are neither good nor bad
| Não estão em lugar nenhum. || nao es-tam em lu-gar ne-nhum || They are not anywhere.
|}
|}


== Nenhum ==
== Não and Nem ==


The word "nenhum" is used to express negation when talking about something that doesn't exist. For example:  
"Não" is the most common way to negate a sentence in Portuguese. Just like in English, it is placed before the verb. Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
* Eu não falo espanhol. (I do not speak Spanish.)
|-
* Você não gosta de doces? (Don't you like sweets?)
! Portuguese !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
|-
"Nem" is used when we want to express that two or more things are not true at the same time. Here are some examples:
| Não há nenhum problema || nown ah nen-yoom proh-bleh-mah || There is no problem
 
|-
* Ele não come carne nem peixe. (He does not eat meat or fish.)
| Não há nenhuma resposta || nown ah nen-yoomah res-poh-stah || There is no answer
* Ela não gosta de dançar nem de cantar. (She does not like to dance nor sing.)
|-
 
| Não há nenhum livro aqui || nown ah nen-yoom lee-vroh ah-kee || There is no book here
It is also used in the expression "Nem pensar" which means "No way" or "Don't even think about it".
|-
| Não há nenhuma pessoa aqui || nown ah nen-yoomah peh-soh-ah ah-kee || There is no one here
|-
| Não há nenhuma razão para isso || nown ah nen-yoomah hah-zah-oohn pah-rah ees-soh || There is no reason for this
|}


== Nunca ==
== Dialogue ==


The word "nunca" is used to express negation when talking about something that has never happened. For example:  
To help you understand better how to use negation in Portuguese, here is a dialogue between Paulo and Ana:


{| class="wikitable"
* Paulo: Você já foi à praia hoje? (Have you been to the beach today?)
|-
* Ana: Não, não fui. (No, I haven't.)
! Portuguese !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
* Paulo: Você gostou da festa ontem? (Did you like the party yesterday?)
|-
* Ana: Não, eu não gostei muito. (No, I didn't like it very much.)
| Eu nunca fui à praia || eh-oo noon-kah foo-ee ah prah-ee-ah || I have never been to the beach
|-
| Ele nunca comeu sushi || eh-lee noon-kah koh-meh-oo soo-shee || He has never eaten sushi
|-
| Ela nunca falou inglês || eh-lah noon-kah fah-loh een-glehs || She has never spoken English
|-
| Nós nunca viajamos para o Japão || nohs noon-kah vee-ah-zhah-mohs pah-rah oh zhah-pah-oohn || We have never traveled to Japan
|-
| Vocês nunca viram um filme chinês || voh-sehs noon-kah veer-ah-oohm oon fee-mee sheen-ehz || You (plural) have never seen a Chinese movie
|}


== Conclusion ==
== Interesting facts ==


In this lesson, we looked at the different ways to express negation in Portuguese. We saw that the most common way is with the word "não", but there are other words such as "nem", "nenhum", and "nunca" that can also be used.  
Did you know that in Brazil, it is common to use double negation? For example, instead of saying "Não vi nada" (I didn't see anything), Brazilians often say "Eu não vi nada não". This is also called "pt-br:a dupla negação" (the double negation).


Remember, the best way to improve your [[Language/Portuguese|Portuguese]] [[Language/Portuguese/Grammar|Grammar]] is to practice with native speakers. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=97 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/portuguese/question questions] on the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website!
== Practice makes perfect ==


<hr>* If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>* Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
To improve your [[Language/Portuguese|Portuguese]] [[Language/Portuguese/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=97 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/portuguese/question questions]!


== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_grammar Portuguese grammar]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language Portuguese language]


==Related Lessons==
{{#seo:
* [[Language/Portuguese/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
|title=Portuguese Grammar - Negation
* [[Language/Portuguese/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
|keywords=Portuguese grammar, negation, adverbs, pronouns, não, nem, double negation
* [[Language/Portuguese/Grammar/Plural|Plural]]
|description=In this lesson, we will focus on the use of negation in Portuguese, which is a very important part of the language. We will look at negative adverbs, negative pronouns, and the use of "não" and "nem" to create negative sentences. }}
* [[Language/Portuguese/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
* [[Language/Portuguese/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Portuguese/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Portuguese/Grammar/Articles|Articles]]
* [[Language/Portuguese/Grammar/Porquê-VS-Porque|Porquê VS Porque]]
* [[Language/Portuguese/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]


{{Portuguese-Page-Bottom}}
{{Portuguese-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 15:49, 5 March 2023

Portuguese-europe-brazil-polyglotclub.png
Portuguese Grammar - Negation

Hi Portuguese learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will focus on the use of negation in Portuguese, which is a very important part of the language. We will look at negative adverbs, negative pronouns, and the use of "não" and "nem" to create negative sentences. In addition to the grammar rules, we will also share some cultural information and interesting facts about the use of negation in Portuguese. So, let's get started!

Negative adverbs

Negative adverbs in Portuguese are used to negate the meaning of a verb or adjective. Some common negative adverbs are "nunca" (never), "jamais" (never/ever), "nada" (nothing), "ninguém" (nobody), "nem" (neither/nor). Here are some examples:

Portuguese Pronunciation English
Ele nunca bebe álcool. el-ee noo-nca be-be ah-co-ol He never drinks alcohol.
Eles jamais vão concordar. el-es ja-mais vão con-coo-rdar They will never agree.
Não tenho nada para fazer. nao ten-oo na-da pa-ra fa-zer I have nothing to do.
Ninguém quer ir ao cinema. nin-guém ker eer ah-o sin-ema Nobody wants to go to the cinema.
Nem eu nem ele gostamos de futebol. nem e-u nem e-le gost-amus de foo-te-ball Neither he nor I like football.

Negative pronouns

Negative pronouns in Portuguese are used to replace nouns in a negative sentence. They are used to express the idea of "nobody", "nothing", or "nowhere". Here are some examples:

Portuguese Pronunciation English
Não vi ninguém na rua. nao vee nin-guem na rua I didn't see anybody in the street.
Não temos nada na geladeira. nao te-mus na-da na je-la-dee-ra We have nothing in the fridge.
Não estão em lugar nenhum. nao es-tam em lu-gar ne-nhum They are not anywhere.

Não and Nem

"Não" is the most common way to negate a sentence in Portuguese. Just like in English, it is placed before the verb. Here are some examples:

  • Eu não falo espanhol. (I do not speak Spanish.)
  • Você não gosta de doces? (Don't you like sweets?)

"Nem" is used when we want to express that two or more things are not true at the same time. Here are some examples:

  • Ele não come carne nem peixe. (He does not eat meat or fish.)
  • Ela não gosta de dançar nem de cantar. (She does not like to dance nor sing.)

It is also used in the expression "Nem pensar" which means "No way" or "Don't even think about it".

Dialogue

To help you understand better how to use negation in Portuguese, here is a dialogue between Paulo and Ana:

  • Paulo: Você já foi à praia hoje? (Have you been to the beach today?)
  • Ana: Não, não fui. (No, I haven't.)
  • Paulo: Você gostou da festa ontem? (Did you like the party yesterday?)
  • Ana: Não, eu não gostei muito. (No, I didn't like it very much.)

Interesting facts

Did you know that in Brazil, it is common to use double negation? For example, instead of saying "Não vi nada" (I didn't see anything), Brazilians often say "Eu não vi nada não". This is also called "pt-br:a dupla negação" (the double negation).

Practice makes perfect

To improve your Portuguese Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


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