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<div class="pg_page_title">Southern Sotho Grammar - Pronouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Southern Sotho Grammar - Pronouns</div>
Hi Southern Sotho learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be discussing the basics of Southern Sotho pronouns. We will look at the different types of pronouns, how they are used in sentences, and how to correctly form them. By the end of this lesson, you should have a good understanding of Southern Sotho pronouns.  
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/southern-sotho Southern Sotho] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will be exploring pronouns in Southern Sotho, an important part of speech that is widely used in everyday communication. Pronouns enable us to replace a noun with a word that refers to the same thing or person without using the same word repeatedly. This article aims to provide you with a quick guide to understanding pronouns and their usage in Southern Sotho.  
 
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== Introduction ==
Pronouns are an essential part of communication and are used frequently in any language. They enable us to refer to a previously mentioned noun without repeating it, which can help improve the flow of speech and readability of the text. In Southern Sotho, like any other language, the pronouns represent a wide range of features such as person, gender, number, specificity, and other parameters.


== Types of Pronouns ==
== Types of Pronouns ==
Southern Sotho has two main types of pronouns: personal pronouns and possessive pronouns.  
 
There are several types of pronouns found in Southern Sotho, and each type performs a different function in a sentence. Let's explore these different types of pronouns.


=== Personal Pronouns ===
=== Personal Pronouns ===
Personal pronouns are used to refer to people or things. They can be used as the subject or object of a sentence. Here are some examples of personal pronouns in Southern Sotho:


* Ke - I/me
Personal pronouns are used to refer to people or things, and they change according to the subject or object usage. Southern Sotho personal pronouns have three persons and two numbers, as seen in the table below:
* O - You (singular)
 
* Re - He/she/it
{| class="wikitable"
* Ba - We/us
! Southern Sotho !! Pronunciation !! English
* Rea - They/them
|-
| Ke ||  /kɛ̂/ || I, me
|-
| O || /ɔ̀/ || You (singular)
|-
| E || /ɪ̀/ || He, she, it
|-
| Re ||  /rɪ̂/ || We, us
|-
| Le || /lɪ́/ || You (plural)
|-
| Ba || /bà/ || They
|}
 
'''Example:'''
* Person 1: Ke a ba bona. (I see them)
* Person 2: Ke bone ba hae. (I see his/her/their)
 
 
=== Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns ===
 
Southern Sotho Reflexive and intensive pronouns are formed by adding '-self' or '-same' after the personal pronoun. Thus, 'myself, herself, himself, or themselves' will be translated as 'ke mokeli ka ja, e ka ja sa mong?'
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Southern Sotho !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Ho || /hɔ/ || Oneself
|-
| Ka || /ka/ || Myself
|-
| Sa || /sa/ || Himself, herself, itself
|-
| Kholo || /xɔlɔ/ || Themselves, ourselves
|}
 
'''Example:'''
* Person 1: Ke mo kholo ka ja. (I, myself, cooked)
* Person 2: Ke hlōkomele ha ke ka ja Tshepo le Habelo, bona ba sa etsa. (I took care of myself, Tshepo and Habelo didn't)
 
=== Demonstrative Pronouns ===
 
In Southern Sotho, Demonstrative pronouns are used to indicate specific individuals or objects in a sentence. They distinguish between near and far by adding a suffix to a stem to change its meaning. For example, "ene" refers to something that is close, while "ho" refers to something that is far.
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Southern Sotho !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Ena || /ɛ́na/ || This (near)
|-
| Ho || /hɔ/ || That (far)
|-
| Lena || /lɛ́na/ || This (near)
|-
| Hodima || /hɔ́di:mɑ̀/ || That one (far)
|}
 
'''Example:'''
* Person 1: Ena ke metsi a hae. (This is her water)
* Person 2: Hodima ke tshepe hape. (That one is far away)
* Person 1: Lena ke ke letse. (This is where I'm standing)
 
=== Indefinite Pronouns ===


=== Possessive Pronouns ===
An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun used to refer to something unspecified or nonspecific. Southern Sotho indefinite pronouns do not distinguish gender or number, and they refer to an unknown person/thing or an entire group. Common indefinite pronouns include:
Possessive pronouns are used to show ownership or possession. They are formed by adding the suffix -ng to the personal pronoun. Here are some examples of possessive pronouns in Southern Sotho:  


* Keng - Mine
{| class="wikitable"
* Ong - Yours (singular)
! Southern Sotho !! Pronunciation !! English
* Reng - His/hers/its
|-
* Bang - Ours
| Lilemo || /li:lɛmɔ/ || Anyone, someone
* Reang - Theirs
|-
| Boemong || /bɔɛ:mɔŋ/ || Everyone, someone
|-
| Ntate || /ntɑ̀tɛ́/ || Someone, a person
|}


== Sentence Formation ==
'''Example:'''
Now that you know the different types of pronouns, let's look at how to use them in sentences.
* Person 1: Lilemo ke tla o tšaba. (Someone will greet you)
* Person 2: Boemong ba etsa lipontšo ha ba batla. (Everyone is different when shopping)
* Person 1: Ntate u tlameha che ke tlore. (You want me to do it on your behalf)


When using personal pronouns, they should always come before the verb. For example:
== Conclusion ==


* Ke o tšwela - I am going
Southern Sotho pronouns play an essential role in everyday communication. They assist in the formation of grammatically correct sentences and add coherence to a conversation or text.
* Re o tšwela - He/she/it is going
* Ba o tšwela - We are going
* Rea o tšwela - They are going


When using possessive pronouns, they should always come after the noun. For example:  
Remember that the best way to learn any language is to put it into practice. Try to use these pronouns during your conversations or writing to improve your Southern Sotho skills. To improve your [[Language/Southern-sotho|Southern Sotho]] [[Language/Southern-sotho/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=109 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/southern-sotho/question questions]!


* Mokgwa wa keng - My dog
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
* Mokgwa wa ong - Your dog (singular)
* Mokgwa wa reng - His/her/its dog
* Mokgwa wa bang - Our dog
* Mokgwa wa reang - Their dog


<hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotho_language Sotho language]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Sotho Southern Sotho]
* [https://www.sesotho.org/ Sesotho.org]




==Related Lessons==
{{#seo:
* [[Language/Southern-sotho/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
|title=Southern Sotho Grammar - Pronouns
* [[Language/Southern-sotho/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
|keywords=Southern Sotho pronouns, Southern Sotho grammar, types of pronouns, reflexive and intensive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, indefinite pronouns
* [[Language/Southern-sotho/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
|description=This lesson explores different types of Southern Sotho pronouns through cultural information and interesting facts. Learn how to use Personal, Demonstrative, Indefinite, and Reflexive and Intensive pronouns correctly.
* [[Language/Southern-sotho/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
}}
* [[Language/Southern-sotho/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Southern-sotho/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]


{{Southern-sotho-Page-Bottom}}
{{Southern-sotho-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 02:46, 5 March 2023

Lesotho-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png
Southern Sotho Grammar - Pronouns

Hi Southern Sotho learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will be exploring pronouns in Southern Sotho, an important part of speech that is widely used in everyday communication. Pronouns enable us to replace a noun with a word that refers to the same thing or person without using the same word repeatedly. This article aims to provide you with a quick guide to understanding pronouns and their usage in Southern Sotho.

Introduction

Pronouns are an essential part of communication and are used frequently in any language. They enable us to refer to a previously mentioned noun without repeating it, which can help improve the flow of speech and readability of the text. In Southern Sotho, like any other language, the pronouns represent a wide range of features such as person, gender, number, specificity, and other parameters.

Types of Pronouns

There are several types of pronouns found in Southern Sotho, and each type performs a different function in a sentence. Let's explore these different types of pronouns.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns are used to refer to people or things, and they change according to the subject or object usage. Southern Sotho personal pronouns have three persons and two numbers, as seen in the table below:

Southern Sotho Pronunciation English
Ke /kɛ̂/ I, me
O /ɔ̀/ You (singular)
E /ɪ̀/ He, she, it
Re /rɪ̂/ We, us
Le /lɪ́/ You (plural)
Ba /bà/ They

Example:

  • Person 1: Ke a ba bona. (I see them)
  • Person 2: Ke bone ba hae. (I see his/her/their)


Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns

Southern Sotho Reflexive and intensive pronouns are formed by adding '-self' or '-same' after the personal pronoun. Thus, 'myself, herself, himself, or themselves' will be translated as 'ke mokeli ka ja, e ka ja sa mong?'

Southern Sotho Pronunciation English
Ho /hɔ/ Oneself
Ka /ka/ Myself
Sa /sa/ Himself, herself, itself
Kholo /xɔlɔ/ Themselves, ourselves

Example:

  • Person 1: Ke mo kholo ka ja. (I, myself, cooked)
  • Person 2: Ke hlōkomele ha ke ka ja Tshepo le Habelo, bona ba sa etsa. (I took care of myself, Tshepo and Habelo didn't)

Demonstrative Pronouns

In Southern Sotho, Demonstrative pronouns are used to indicate specific individuals or objects in a sentence. They distinguish between near and far by adding a suffix to a stem to change its meaning. For example, "ene" refers to something that is close, while "ho" refers to something that is far.

Southern Sotho Pronunciation English
Ena /ɛ́na/ This (near)
Ho /hɔ/ That (far)
Lena /lɛ́na/ This (near)
Hodima /hɔ́di:mɑ̀/ That one (far)

Example:

  • Person 1: Ena ke metsi a hae. (This is her water)
  • Person 2: Hodima ke tshepe hape. (That one is far away)
  • Person 1: Lena ke ke letse. (This is where I'm standing)

Indefinite Pronouns

An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun used to refer to something unspecified or nonspecific. Southern Sotho indefinite pronouns do not distinguish gender or number, and they refer to an unknown person/thing or an entire group. Common indefinite pronouns include:

Southern Sotho Pronunciation English
Lilemo /li:lɛmɔ/ Anyone, someone
Boemong /bɔɛ:mɔŋ/ Everyone, someone
Ntate /ntɑ̀tɛ́/ Someone, a person

Example:

  • Person 1: Lilemo ke tla o tšaba. (Someone will greet you)
  • Person 2: Boemong ba etsa lipontšo ha ba batla. (Everyone is different when shopping)
  • Person 1: Ntate u tlameha che ke tlore. (You want me to do it on your behalf)

Conclusion

Southern Sotho pronouns play an essential role in everyday communication. They assist in the formation of grammatically correct sentences and add coherence to a conversation or text.

Remember that the best way to learn any language is to put it into practice. Try to use these pronouns during your conversations or writing to improve your Southern Sotho skills. To improve your Southern Sotho Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Sources



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