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<div class="pg_page_title">Slovenian Grammar - Nouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Slovenian Grammar - Nouns</div>
Hi Slovenian learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be discussing the basics of Slovenian nouns. We will cover topics such as gender, number, and case. By the end of this lesson, you will have a better understanding of how to use nouns in Slovenian.
__TOC__


== Gender ==
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/slovenian Slovenian] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will focus on Slovenian nouns, one of the most important parts of speech in the Slovenian language. Like in many other languages, it's crucial to master nouns to become fluent in Slovenian.


In Slovenian, nouns are either masculine, feminine, or neuter. To determine the gender of a noun, you must look at the ending of the word.  
First of all, what is a noun? A noun is a word that represents a person, a place, or a thing. In Slovenian, all nouns have a gender (masculine, feminine or neuter), which requires various inflections and different adjectives.


=== Masculine ===
__TOC__


Masculine nouns typically end in -a, -e, -i, -o, -u, -ar, -ec, -ek, -er, -ir, -or, -ur, -ž, -č, -šč, -c, -šc, -z, -šz, -žec, -žek, -žer, -žar.
== Gender ==
 
In Slovenian, there are three genders - masculine, feminine, and neuter. However, unlike many other languages, Slovenian nouns can be any gender, regardless of the object's actual gender. For example, a chair is feminine, but the word stol (chair) is masculine. In Slovenian, the gender of the noun is simply a grammatical feature, and its gender often cannot be determined by the object's real gender.  
Examples:
* mož (man)
* pes (dog)
* oče (father)
 
=== Feminine ===
 
Feminine nouns typically end in -a, -ca, -ka, -ica, -ica, -ka, -lka, -nka, -tka, -čka, -ška, -žka, -ja, -ija, -dija, -nija, -tija, -čija, -šija, -žija.
 
Examples:
* žena (woman)
* knjiga (book)
* ulica (street)
 
=== Neuter ===
 
Neuter nouns typically end in -e, -je, -ce, -ke, -ice, -ice, -ke, -lke, -nke, -tke, -čke, -ške, -žke, -m, -n, -p, -t, -č, -šč, -ž.  
 
Examples:
* mesto (city)
* jezero (lake)
* stanovanje (apartment)


== Number ==
== Number ==
In Slovenian, like in other languages, nouns can be singular or plural. To form a noun's plural, you need to conjugate it with different endings.


In Slovenian, nouns can be singular or plural. To form the plural of a noun, you must add the appropriate ending.
Here are some basic Slovenian rules for forming plurals:
 
=== Singular ===
 
Singular nouns do not have any special endings.
 
Examples:
* mož (man)
* žena (woman)
* mesto (city)
 
=== Plural ===
 
To form the plural of a noun, you must add the appropriate ending.
 
Masculine nouns typically end in -i, -ov, -ev, -ovje, -evje.
 
Examples:
* moži (men)
* očev (fathers)
* pesovje (dogs)
 
Feminine nouns typically end in -e, -i, -ke, -ice, -ice, -ke, -lke, -nke, -tke, -čke, -ške, -žke.
 
Examples:
* žene (women)
* knjige (books)
* ulice (streets)
 
Neuter nouns typically end in -a, -ja, -ca, -ka, -ica, -ica, -ka, -lka, -nka, -tka, -čka, -ška, -žka.
 
Examples:
* mesta (cities)
* jezera (lakes)
* stanovanja (apartments)
 
== Case ==
 
In Slovenian, nouns can be in one of seven cases. The cases are nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, locative, instrumental, and vocative.
 
=== Nominative ===
 
The nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence.
 
Examples:
* Mož je hodil po ulici. (The man was walking down the street.)
* Žena je brala knjigo. (The woman was reading the book.)
* Mesto je bilo lepo. (The city was beautiful.)
 
=== Genitive ===
 
The genitive case is used to indicate possession.
 
Examples:
* Moževega psa. (The man's dog.)
* Ženine knjige. (The woman's book.)
* Mestovega prebivalca. (The city's inhabitant.)
 
=== Dative ===
 
The dative case is used to indicate the indirect object of a sentence.
 
Examples:
* Možu sem dal knjigo. (I gave the man the book.)
* Ženi sem dal denar. (I gave the woman the money.)
* Mestu sem dal darilo. (I gave the city a gift.)
 
=== Accusative ===
 
The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of a sentence.
 
Examples:  
* Moža sem videl. (I saw the man.)
* Ženo sem videl. (I saw the woman.)
* Mesto sem videl. (I saw the city.)
 
=== Locative ===


The locative case is used to indicate location.  
- If masculine nouns have one syllable, the plural ending is -i, for example, stol > stoli (chair > chairs).
- If masculine nouns have two syllables, the plural ending is -je, for example, cest > ceste (road > roads).
- If masculine nouns have three or more syllables, the plural ending is -i, for example, zdravnik > zdravniki (doctor > doctors).
- Feminine nouns are often characterized by the ending -a in the singular. The plural ending for feminine nouns is -e. For example, hiša > hiše (house > houses).
- Neuter nouns often end with -o in the singular. The plural often ends with -a or -i. For example, oblak > oblaki or oblak i(cloud > clouds).


Examples:
== Cases ==
* Možu je bilo v mestu. (The man was in the city.)
Nouns in Slovenian also have seven cases that indicate their function in a sentence. Each case is associated with a specific preposition or verb.
* Ženi je bilo v knjigi. (The woman was in the book.)
* Mestu je bilo v državi. (The city was in the country.)


=== Instrumental ===
Here are the seven cases with their corresponding prepositions or verbs:


The instrumental case is used to indicate the means by which something is done.  
1. Nominative (kdo, kaj?) - used for the subject of a sentence, e.g., "Jaz sem dobil darilo." (I got a gift).
2. Genitive (koga, česa?) - used for possession, e.g., "To je torbica moje sestre." (This is my sister's bag).
3. Dative (komu, čemu?) - used for the indirect object of a sentence, e.g., "Mama je dala meni piškote." (Mom gave me cookies).
4. Accusative (koga, kaj?) - used for the direct object of a sentence, e.g., "Jaz vidim ptico." (I see a bird).
5. Locative (o kom, o čem?) - used to specify the location of an object, e.g., "Kuhinja našega stanovanja je velika." (The kitchen in our apartment is big).
6. Instrumental (s kom, s čim?) - used to describe the means of performing an action or the tool used, e.g., "Pismo pišem s svinčnikom." (I am writing the letter with a pencil).
7. Vocative (o!) - used when directly addressing a person, e.g., "Peter, preberi knjigo." (Peter, read the book).


Examples:
== Examples ==
* Mož je hodil z avtom. (The man was walking with a car.)
* Žena je brala s knjigo. (The woman was reading with a book.)
* Mesto je bilo obkroženo z gozdom. (The city was surrounded by a forest.)


=== Vocative ===
Let us practice what we have learned with some examples:


The vocative case is used to address someone directly.
{| class="wikitable"
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| hiša  || /hiːʃa/ || house
|-
| hiš e  || /h iːʃ ɛ/ || houses
|-
| ptica  || /ptɪtsa/ || bird
|-
| ptic e  || /ptɪt sɛ /|| birds
|-
| svinčnik  || /svinʧnɪk/  || pen
|-
| svinčniki  || /svinʧniːki/ || pens
|-
| majhen  || /maiehen/ || small
|-
| majhna  || /maiehna/ || small
|-
| majhno  || /maiehno/ || small
|}


Examples:  
* Person 1: Ali imaš majhen avto? (/Aliee ieemash maiehen auto?/) (Do you have a small car?)
* O mož! (Oh man!)
* Person 2: Ne, imam velik avto. (/Ne ieemam veliik auto/) (No, I have a big car.)
* O žena! (Oh woman!)
* O mesto! (Oh city!)


<br><hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
== Culture corner ==
The Slovenian language is a highly inflected Slavic language with various dialects. It has an interesting history - it was influenced by Latin, German, and other Central European languages. Slovenian is the official language of Slovenia, but it is also spoken in parts of Italy, Austria, and Hungary. To learn more about Slovenian grammar and language, be sure to visit [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club]. You can also find native speakers and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/slovenian/question questions] you may have!


== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovene_grammar Slovene Grammar]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovene_language Slovene Language]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Slovene_dialects List of Slovene dialects]


==Related Lessons==
{{#seo:
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
|title=Slovenian Grammar - Nouns
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
|keywords=Slovenian, grammar, nouns, gender, cases, plurals, language
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Slovenian grammar and nouns, gender, plurals, and cases. Improve your Slovenian with this lesson!
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Cases|Cases]]
}}
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Conjugation|Conjugation]]


{{Slovenian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Slovenian-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 20:10, 4 March 2023

Slovenian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Slovenian Grammar - Nouns

Hi Slovenian learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will focus on Slovenian nouns, one of the most important parts of speech in the Slovenian language. Like in many other languages, it's crucial to master nouns to become fluent in Slovenian.

First of all, what is a noun? A noun is a word that represents a person, a place, or a thing. In Slovenian, all nouns have a gender (masculine, feminine or neuter), which requires various inflections and different adjectives.

Gender

In Slovenian, there are three genders - masculine, feminine, and neuter. However, unlike many other languages, Slovenian nouns can be any gender, regardless of the object's actual gender. For example, a chair is feminine, but the word stol (chair) is masculine. In Slovenian, the gender of the noun is simply a grammatical feature, and its gender often cannot be determined by the object's real gender.

Number

In Slovenian, like in other languages, nouns can be singular or plural. To form a noun's plural, you need to conjugate it with different endings.

Here are some basic Slovenian rules for forming plurals:

- If masculine nouns have one syllable, the plural ending is -i, for example, stol > stoli (chair > chairs). - If masculine nouns have two syllables, the plural ending is -je, for example, cest > ceste (road > roads). - If masculine nouns have three or more syllables, the plural ending is -i, for example, zdravnik > zdravniki (doctor > doctors). - Feminine nouns are often characterized by the ending -a in the singular. The plural ending for feminine nouns is -e. For example, hiša > hiše (house > houses). - Neuter nouns often end with -o in the singular. The plural often ends with -a or -i. For example, oblak > oblaki or oblak i(cloud > clouds).

Cases

Nouns in Slovenian also have seven cases that indicate their function in a sentence. Each case is associated with a specific preposition or verb.

Here are the seven cases with their corresponding prepositions or verbs:

1. Nominative (kdo, kaj?) - used for the subject of a sentence, e.g., "Jaz sem dobil darilo." (I got a gift). 2. Genitive (koga, česa?) - used for possession, e.g., "To je torbica moje sestre." (This is my sister's bag). 3. Dative (komu, čemu?) - used for the indirect object of a sentence, e.g., "Mama je dala meni piškote." (Mom gave me cookies). 4. Accusative (koga, kaj?) - used for the direct object of a sentence, e.g., "Jaz vidim ptico." (I see a bird). 5. Locative (o kom, o čem?) - used to specify the location of an object, e.g., "Kuhinja našega stanovanja je velika." (The kitchen in our apartment is big). 6. Instrumental (s kom, s čim?) - used to describe the means of performing an action or the tool used, e.g., "Pismo pišem s svinčnikom." (I am writing the letter with a pencil). 7. Vocative (o!) - used when directly addressing a person, e.g., "Peter, preberi knjigo." (Peter, read the book).

Examples

Let us practice what we have learned with some examples:

Slovenian Pronunciation English
hiša /hiːʃa/ house
hiš e /h iːʃ ɛ/ houses
ptica /ptɪtsa/ bird
ptic e /ptɪt sɛ / birds
svinčnik /svinʧnɪk/ pen
svinčniki /svinʧniːki/ pens
majhen /maiehen/ small
majhna /maiehna/ small
majhno /maiehno/ small
  • Person 1: Ali imaš majhen avto? (/Aliee ieemash maiehen auto?/) (Do you have a small car?)
  • Person 2: Ne, imam velik avto. (/Ne ieemam veliik auto/) (No, I have a big car.)

Culture corner

The Slovenian language is a highly inflected Slavic language with various dialects. It has an interesting history - it was influenced by Latin, German, and other Central European languages. Slovenian is the official language of Slovenia, but it is also spoken in parts of Italy, Austria, and Hungary. To learn more about Slovenian grammar and language, be sure to visit Polyglot Club. You can also find native speakers and ask them any questions you may have!

Sources