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<div class="pg_page_title">Central Kurdish Grammar - Adjectives</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Central Kurdish Grammar - Adjectives</div>
Hi Central Kurdish learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be discussing adjectives in Central Kurdish. Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns and pronouns. They can be used to give more information about the noun or pronoun they are modifying. In this lesson, we will look at how adjectives are formed in Central Kurdish, as well as how they are used in sentences.  
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/central-kurdish Central Kurdish] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn about adjectives in Central Kurdish. Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns and pronouns. They often answer questions like "what kind?", "how many?", or "which one?".
 
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__TOC__


== Formation of Adjectives ==
== Basic Adjectives ==
 
In Central Kurdish, adjectives are usually placed after the noun that they modify. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| کەڵ || /ke:L/ || red
|-
| سەر || /sær/ || big
|-
| ژانەر || /dʒɑnær/ || yellow
|-
| ژمارە || /dʒæmɑræ/ || many, much
|}


Adjectives in Central Kurdish are formed by adding suffixes to nouns and verbs. The suffixes used depend on the gender and number of the noun or pronoun being modified.  
For example, to say "a red car", we would say "ژیانەکە کەڵ" /dʒiɑnækæ ke:L/, with "کەڵ" coming after "ژیانەکە".


=== Masculine Singular ===
== Comparative and Superlative Adjectives ==


For masculine singular nouns and pronouns, the suffix -î is added to the end of the word. For example:  
We often want to compare things, and in Central Kurdish, we use "زۆر" (zor) and "ناوەندی" (navandi) for the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives, respectively. For example:


* xwendin (student) → xwendinî (studious)  
* "ئەو خۆشترە لەم کۆتاییە" /ew xʷeʃtɾæ lɛm kɔtɑji/ - "That is a prettier dress than this one." (comparative)
* zarok (child) → zarokî (childish)  
* "ئەو خۆشترین کۆتاییەی قوتابخانە" /ew xʷeʃtri:n kɔtɑji:ji qʷotɑbxɑnæ/ - "That is the prettiest dress in the store." (superlative)


=== Feminine Singular ===
Notice that for the comparative form, we add -تر (-tir) to the end of the adjective, and for the superlative form, we add نی (-ni) to the end of the adjective. We also add the appropriate case-ending to the noun; in the above examples, the noun "کۆتاییە" (dress) takes the oblique -ی (-i) case-ending.


For feminine singular nouns and pronouns, the suffix -e is added to the end of the word. For example:
== Exceptions ==


* kur (dog) → kure (doggy)
Some adjectives in Central Kurdish are irregular, meaning they don't follow the usual rules. Here are a few examples:
* xanî (woman) → xanîe (womanly)


=== Masculine Plural ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| باش || /bash/ || good, nice
|-
| بد || /bed/ || bad
|-
| گران || /ɡɾɑ:n/ || expensive
|-
| راسپی || /ɾɑspi:/ || cheap
|}


For masculine plural nouns and pronouns, the suffix -an is added to the end of the word. For example:
For example, "یەکێک لەو کەسانەی کە باشیاون" /jɛkeɪk lɛw kɛsɑneɪ kæ bæʃi:jɑwæn/ means "One of those good people." Notice that "باش" comes before the noun "کەسان" in this sentence.


* dost (friend) → dostan (friendly)
== Dialogue ==
* kes (person) → kesan (personable)


=== Feminine Plural ===
Person 1: چەکە لە خۆشترین بووت منیشی /tʃekæ lɛ xʷeʃtri:n bo:t mæni:ʃi:/ (I bought the prettiest shoes.)
Person 2: زۆر باشە /zor bɑʃæ/ (Very nice!)


For feminine plural nouns and pronouns, the suffix -in is added to the end of the word. For example:
== Practice ==


* zarok (children) → zarokin (childlike)
1- Translate the following sentences to Central Kurdish:
* xanî (women) → xanîin (womanly)


== Usage of Adjectives ==
a. The new car is blue and expensive.
b. I like big dogs.
c. He is the tallest person in the room.


Adjectives in Central Kurdish are usually placed after the noun or pronoun they are modifying. For example:  
2- Translate the following adjective into Central Kurdish:


* zarokî bêxem (childish behavior)
a. Happy
* kesan xweş (personable people)
b. Sad
c. Hungry


Adjectives can also be used to form adverbs. To do this, the suffix -bûn is added to the end of the adjective. For example:  
3- Create sentences using the following adjectives:


* xwendinî (studious) → xwendinîbûn (studiously)
a. گران
* zarokin (childlike) → zarokinbûn (childishly)
b. ژانەر
c. راسپی


<hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
To improve your [[Language/Central-kurdish|Central Kurdish]] [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=1322 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/central-kurdish/question questions]!


<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


==Related Lessons==
{{#seo:
* [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
|title=Central Kurdish Grammar - Adjectives
* [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
|keywords=Central Kurdish, adjectives, comparative, superlative, irregular, vocabulary
* [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
|description=In this lesson, you will learn all about adjectives in Central Kurdish, including comparative and superlative forms, irregular adjectives, and more. Practice with examples and dialogue.
* [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
}}
* [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]


{{Central-kurdish-Page-Bottom}}
{{Central-kurdish-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 16:06, 2 March 2023

33B48169-1935-43CC-8104-4BB1790F7171.png
Central Kurdish Grammar - Adjectives

Hi Central Kurdish learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about adjectives in Central Kurdish. Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns and pronouns. They often answer questions like "what kind?", "how many?", or "which one?".

Basic Adjectives

In Central Kurdish, adjectives are usually placed after the noun that they modify. Here are some examples:

Central Kurdish Pronunciation English
کەڵ /ke:L/ red
سەر /sær/ big
ژانەر /dʒɑnær/ yellow
ژمارە /dʒæmɑræ/ many, much

For example, to say "a red car", we would say "ژیانەکە کەڵ" /dʒiɑnækæ ke:L/, with "کەڵ" coming after "ژیانەکە".

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

We often want to compare things, and in Central Kurdish, we use "زۆر" (zor) and "ناوەندی" (navandi) for the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives, respectively. For example:

  • "ئەو خۆشترە لەم کۆتاییە" /ew xʷeʃtɾæ lɛm kɔtɑji/ - "That is a prettier dress than this one." (comparative)
  • "ئەو خۆشترین کۆتاییەی قوتابخانە" /ew xʷeʃtri:n kɔtɑji:ji qʷotɑbxɑnæ/ - "That is the prettiest dress in the store." (superlative)

Notice that for the comparative form, we add -تر (-tir) to the end of the adjective, and for the superlative form, we add نی (-ni) to the end of the adjective. We also add the appropriate case-ending to the noun; in the above examples, the noun "کۆتاییە" (dress) takes the oblique -ی (-i) case-ending.

Exceptions

Some adjectives in Central Kurdish are irregular, meaning they don't follow the usual rules. Here are a few examples:

Central Kurdish Pronunciation English
باش /bash/ good, nice
بد /bed/ bad
گران /ɡɾɑ:n/ expensive
راسپی /ɾɑspi:/ cheap

For example, "یەکێک لەو کەسانەی کە باشیاون" /jɛkeɪk lɛw kɛsɑneɪ kæ bæʃi:jɑwæn/ means "One of those good people." Notice that "باش" comes before the noun "کەسان" in this sentence.

Dialogue

Person 1: چەکە لە خۆشترین بووت منیشی /tʃekæ lɛ xʷeʃtri:n bo:t mæni:ʃi:/ (I bought the prettiest shoes.) Person 2: زۆر باشە /zor bɑʃæ/ (Very nice!)

Practice

1- Translate the following sentences to Central Kurdish:

a. The new car is blue and expensive. b. I like big dogs. c. He is the tallest person in the room.

2- Translate the following adjective into Central Kurdish:

a. Happy b. Sad c. Hungry

3- Create sentences using the following adjectives:

a. گران b. ژانەر c. راسپی

To improve your Central Kurdish Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Template:Central-kurdish-Page-Bottom

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