Difference between revisions of "Language/Georgian/Grammar/The-Conjugation-System"

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==Sources==
==Sources==
http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf
http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf
==Related Lessons==
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Adverbial-forms-"to-have-breakfast,-dinner,-lunch-and-supper"|Adverbial forms "to have breakfast, dinner, lunch and supper"]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Cases-of-the-subject-and-direct-object-with-transitive-verbs|Cases of the subject and direct object with transitive verbs]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Adverbs-produced-from-Adjectives|Adverbs produced from Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Postpositions-of-the-Genitive|Postpositions of the Genitive]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Noun-Inflection|Noun Inflection]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Adverbs-of-Time|Adverbs of Time]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Inflection-of-adjectives-with-nouns|Inflection of adjectives with nouns]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Verbs-Destination-System|Verbs Destination System]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/The-adverbial-case|The adverbial case]]

Revision as of 13:30, 26 February 2023

Georgian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
The Conjugation System in Georgian

The Georgian verb has three series and 11 so called mts’krivi or screeves (rows) of conjugation. There are 11 rows of conjugation in Georgian.


I Series

ats’mq’o – Present Indicative – is indefinite or present continuous, narrative (vkhat’av – I paint / I am painting). Sometimes these forms without a preverb may be polysemantic with a meaning of future tense: vkhat’av – now and vkhat’av – tomorrow.


uts’q’vet’eli – Imperfect – is past continuous, narrative (vkhat’avdi – I was painting).


ats’mq’os k’avshirebiti – Present Subjunctive – is the present subjunctive (vkhat’avde – if I paint / if I were painting).


mq’opadi – Future Indicative – is the imperfect future indefinite, narrative (davkhat’av – I will paint).


kholmeobiti – Conditional – is the future in the past conditional (davkhat’avdi – I would paint).


mq’opadis k’avshirebiti – Future Subjunctive – is the future subjunctive, conditional (davkha’tavde – if I were to paint).


II Series

ts’q’vet’ili / aoristi – Aorist Indicative – is the general past, narrative: (da)vkhat’e – I have painted / I painted. It could be in the present/past perfect with preverbs.


II k’avshirebiti – Optative – is the future subjunctive: (da)vkhat’o – I should paint. It could also be in the present/past perfect with preverbs.


III Series

I turmeobiti – Perfect – is the past narrative (the subject can hardly believe in his act: turme – it seems): (da)mikhat’avs – it seems I painted / I have/had painted. It could be in the present/past perfect with preverbs.


II turmeobiti – Pluperfect – and III k’avshirebiti – Perfect Subjunctive – are very close rows; they are future in the past subjunctive conditional: (da)mekhat’a – (da)mekhat’os – if I had painted it.

The subjunctive mood is exposed by the following rows: ats’mq’os k’avshirebiti, kholmeobiti, mq’opadis k’avshirebiti, II k’avshirebiti and III k’avshirebiti.


The imperatives in modern Georgian don’t have special rows. They use the following rows:


a) ts’q’vet’ili – dakhat’e!


b) II k’avshirebiti – for the I and the III persons – (ar) davkhat’ot! (ar) dakhat’on! For negative imperatives of the II person – ar (da)khat’ot!


c) mq’opadi is seldom used, only for very categorical orders – (ar) davkhat’av!


Negative forms are produced by adding “ar” or “ver”. “ar” is more categorical.


Compare:

  • ar davkhat’av – I will not paint
  • ver davkhat’av – I can’t paint


Indefinite

1. Present – ats’mq’o

2. Past – ts’q’vet’ili (aoristi)

3. Future – mq’opadi

4. Future in the past – kholmeobiti

Continuous

1. Present – ats’mq’o

2. Past – uts’q’vet’eli

3. Future – ats’mq’o

4. Future in the past – II turmeobiti / III k’avshirebiti


Perfect

1. Present – ts’q’vet’ili (aoristi) or I turmeobiti

2. Past – ts’q’vet’ili (aoristi) or I turmeobiti

3. Future – mq’opadi

4. Future in the past – II turmeobiti / III k’avshirebiti


Perfect-continuous

1. Present – uts’q’vet’eli

2. Past – uts’q’vet’eli

3. Future – mq’opadi

4. Future in the past – II turmeobiti / III k’avshirebiti

Sources

http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf

Related Lessons