Difference between revisions of "Language/Russian/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation"

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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Caps
|Caps
!Minisculs
|Minisculs
!Name
|Name
!Prononciation IPA
|Prononciation IPA
!Transcription
|Transcription
!English Equivalent
|English Equivalent
!Sound
|Sound
!Letter Name in Russian
|Letter Name in Russian
|Example
|Example (audio)
|-
|-
|А
|А
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|Like "a" in car
|Like "a" in car
|"ah"
|"ah"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| а́том
|}
|
|-
|-
|Б
|Б
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|Like "b" in bat
|Like "b" in bat
|"beh"
|"beh"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| бато́н
|}
|
|-
|-
|В
|В
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|Like "v" in van
|Like "v" in van
|"veh"
|"veh"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| ва́режки
|}
|
|-
|-
|Г
|Г
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|Like "g" in go
|Like "g" in go
|"geh"
|"geh"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| гру́ша
|}
|
|-
|-
|Д
|Д
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|Like "d" in dog
|Like "d" in dog
|"deh"
|"deh"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| ды́ня
|}
|
|-
|-
|Е
|Е
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|Like "ye" in yet
|Like "ye" in yet
|"yeh"
|"yeh"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| ежеви́ка
|}
|
|-
|-
|Ё
|Ё
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|ë
|ë
|YO yo
|YO yo
|Like "yo" in yonder
|Like "yo" in yonder
|"yo"
|"yo"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| ёж
|}
|
|-
|-
|Ж
|Ж
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|ž
|ž
|Zh zh
|Zh zh
|Like "s" in measure or pleasure or like "g" in beige (the colour)
|Like "s" in measure or pleasure or like "g" in beige (the colour)
|"zheh"
|"zheh"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| жук
|}
|
|-
|-
|З
|З
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|Like "z" in zoo
|Like "z" in zoo
|"zeh"
|"zeh"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| замо́к
|}
|
|-
|-
|И
|И
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|Like "ee" in see
|Like "ee" in see
|"ee"
|"ee"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| икра́
|}
|
|-
|-
|Й
|Й
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|like "y" in boy or  toy
|like "y" in boy or  toy
|"ee kratkoyeh"
|"ee kratkoyeh"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| йо́гурт
|}
|
|-
|-
|К
|К
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|k
|k
|K k
|K k
|Like "k" in kitten, "c" in cat.
|Like "k" in kitten, "c" in cat.
|"kah"
|"kah"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| клубни́ка
|}
|
|-
|-
|Л
|Л
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|Like "l" in light
|Like "l" in light
|"ehl"
|"ehl"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| лимо́н
|}
|
|-
|-
|М
|М
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|Like "m" in mat
|Like "m" in mat
|"ehm"
|"ehm"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| мали́на
|}
|
|-
|-
|Н
|Н
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|Like "n" in no
|Like "n" in no
|"ehn"
|"ehn"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| носки́
|}
|
|-
|-
|О
|О
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|/o/, /ɐ/
|/o/, /ɐ/
|o
|o
|Stressed: O  o
Unstressed: A a
|Like  "o" in bore
Like "a" in car
|"oh"
|
|
* Stressed: O o
{| class="wikitable"
* Unstressed: A a
| о́вощи
|}
|
|
* Like "o" in bore 
* Like "a" in car
|"oh"
|-
|-
|П
|П
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|Like "p" in pot
|Like "p" in pot
|"peh"
|"peh"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| пе́рец
|}
|
|-
|-
|Р
|Р
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|Like "r" in run  (rolled)
|Like "r" in run  (rolled)
|"ehr"
|"ehr"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| ры́ба
|}
|
|-
|-
|С
|С
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|Like "s" in sam
|Like "s" in sam
|"ehs"
|"ehs"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| стул
|}
|
|-
|-
|Т
|Т
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|Like "t" in tap
|Like "t" in tap
|"teh"
|"teh"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| торт
|}
|
|-
|-
|У
|У
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|Like "oo" in boot
|Like "oo" in boot
|"oo"
|"oo"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| у́дочка
|}
|
|-
|-
|Ф
|Ф
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|Like "f" in fat
|Like "f" in fat
|"ehf"
|"ehf"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| фру́кты
|}
|
|-
|-
|Х
|Х
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|x
|x
|H h, KH kh
|H h, KH kh
|Like "h" in hello or like the "ch" in Scottish 'loch' or German 'Bach'
|Like "h" in hello or like the "ch" in Scottish 'loch' or German 'Bach'
|"khah"
|"khah"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| хво́я
|}
|
|-
|-
|Ц
|Ц
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|Like "ts" in bits
|Like "ts" in bits
|"tseh"
|"tseh"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| ци́фры
|}
|
|-
|-
|Ч
|Ч
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|Like "ch" in chip
|Like "ch" in chip
|"cheh"
|"cheh"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| ча́шка
|}
|
|-
|-
|Ш
|Ш
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|Like "sh" in shut
|Like "sh" in shut
|"shah"
|"shah"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| ша́пка
|}
|
|-
|-
|Щ
|Щ
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|Like "sh" in sheep
|Like "sh" in sheep
|"schyah"
|"schyah"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| щётка
|}
|
|-
|-
|Ъ
|Ъ
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|Letter before is hard
|Letter before is hard
|"tvyordiy znahk"
|"tvyordiy znahk"
|съесть
|
|-
|-
|Ы
|Ы
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|Like "i" in ill
|Like "i" in ill
|"i"
|"i"
|ты
|
|-
|-
|Ь
|Ь
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|Letter before is soft
|Letter before is soft
|"myagkeey znahk"
|"myagkeey znahk"
|есть
|
|-
|-
|Э
|Э
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|Like "e" in pet
|Like "e" in pet
|"eh"
|"eh"
|экра́н
|
|-
|-
|Ю
|Ю
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|Like "u" in use or  university
|Like "u" in use or  university
|"yoo"
|"yoo"
|ю́бка
|
|-
|-
|Я
|Я
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|Like "ya" in yard.
|Like "ya" in yard.
|"yah"
|"yah"
|я́блоко
|
|}
|}


Revision as of 19:37, 30 December 2022

Russian Alphabet & Pronunciation
Alphabet and Pronunciation in Russian.png
Russian-Alphabet-Letters-Polyglotclub.jpg

Привет! Russian lovers 😎 !

In today's lesson, you will learn how to write the different letters of the Russian alphabet (normal and cursive), how to pronounce these letters whether it is through the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), or through a video with the pronunciation of the letters by a native speaker. You will also find at the end of this lesson a virtual keyboard to be able to type each special character of this language.

Happy learning!

Russian Alphabet and IPA Pronunciation

Russian is a Slavic language, such as Polish or Czech, written with the Cyrillic alphabet, inspired by the Greek alphabet.

Caps Minisculs Name Prononciation IPA Transcription English Equivalent Sound Letter Name in Russian Example Example (audio)
А а а /a/ a А а Like "a" in car "ah"
 а́том
Б б бэ /b/, /bʲ/ b B b Like "b" in bat "beh"
 бато́н
В в вэ /v/, /vʲ/ v V v Like "v" in van "veh"
 ва́режки
Г г гэ /ɡ/, /gʲ/ g G g Like "g" in go "geh"
 гру́ша
Д д дэ /d/, /dʲ/ d D d Like "d" in dog "deh"
 ды́ня
Е е е /je/, / ʲe/, /e/ e YE ye Like "ye" in yet "yeh"
 ежеви́ка
Ё ё ё /jo/, / ʲɵ/ ë YO yo Like "yo" in yonder "yo"
 ёж
Ж ж жэ /ʐ/ ž Zh zh Like "s" in measure or pleasure or like "g" in beige (the colour) "zheh"
 жук
З з зэ /z/, /zʲ/ z Z z Like "z" in zoo "zeh"
 замо́к
И и и /i/, / ʲi/,, /ɨ/ i EE ee Like "ee" in see "ee"
 икра́
Й й и краткое /j/ j I i or Y y like "y" in boy or toy "ee kratkoyeh"
 йо́гурт
К к ка /k/, /kʲ/ k K k Like "k" in kitten, "c" in cat. "kah"
 клубни́ка
Л л эл, эль /l/, /lʲ/ l L l Like "l" in light "ehl"
 лимо́н
М м эм /m/, /mʲ/ m M m Like "m" in mat "ehm"
 мали́на
Н н эн /n/, /ɲ/ n N n Like "n" in no "ehn"
 носки́
О о о /o/, /ɐ/ o Stressed: O o

Unstressed: A a

Like "o" in bore

Like "a" in car

"oh"
 о́вощи
П п пэ /p/, /pʲ/ p P p Like "p" in pot "peh"
 пе́рец
Р р эр /r/, /rʲ/ r R r Like "r" in run (rolled) "ehr"
 ры́ба
С с эс /s/, /sʲ/ s S s Like "s" in sam "ehs"
 стул
Т т тэ /t/, /tʲ/ t T t Like "t" in tap "teh"
 торт
У у у /u/ u U u Like "oo" in boot "oo"
 у́дочка
Ф ф эф /f/, /fʲ/ f F f Like "f" in fat "ehf"
 фру́кты
Х х ха /x/, /xʲ/ x H h, KH kh Like "h" in hello or like the "ch" in Scottish 'loch' or German 'Bach' "khah"
 хво́я
Ц ц цэ /t͡s/ c TS ts Like "ts" in bits "tseh"
 ци́фры
Ч ч че /t͡ɕ/ č CH ch Like "ch" in chip "cheh"
 ча́шка
Ш ш ша /ʂ/ š SH sh (hard) Like "sh" in shut "shah"
 ша́пка
Щ щ ща /ɕɕ/ šč SH sh (soft) Like "sh" in sheep "schyah"
 щётка
Ъ ъ твёрдый знак '' Hard Sign Letter before is hard "tvyordiy znahk" съесть
Ы ы ы /ɨ/ y I i Like "i" in ill "i" ты
Ь ь мягкий знак / ʲ/ ' Soft Sign Letter before is soft "myagkeey znahk" есть
Э э э /e/ è E e Like "e" in pet "eh" экра́н
Ю ю ю /ju/, / ʲu/ ju YU yu Like "u" in use or university "yoo" ю́бка
Я я я /ja/, / ʲa/ ja YA ya Like "ya" in yard. "yah" я́блоко


Notes

The Russian l is velar, it is pronounced as English well or as the old French chevals: one pronounced then s of the plural (that is why the pronunciation was then modified in "cheva-or "Then" chevo "writes Chevaux)

At the end of the word, the sound consonants become deaf, as in German, they pronounce then:

  • b > p
  • v > f
  • g > k
  • d > t
  • z > s 

The Russian has 5 vocalic phonemes noted by 10 graphemes: 

a e i o u  
а э ы о у   After a hard consonant
я е и ё ю   After a soft consonant or yod

NOTE: If Russian word contains 'ё', the accent is always on this vowel. Therefore, the accent mark is not placed above 'ё'.

The use of the letter 'ё' is mandatory in texts with consistently placed accent marks, in books for young children (including textbooks for elementary school students), in textbooks for foreigners. In ordinary printed texts, it`s written in cases where a misreading of the word is possible, when it`s necessary to indicate the correct pronunciation of a rare word or to prevent a speech error. The letter 'ё' should also be written in proper names. In other cases, the use of 'ё' is optional.

Examples

(In brackets the transcription & bracketed phonetics)

ад (ad) [at] Hell яд (jad) [jat] poison
мыло (mylo) [mɨlo] soap     мило (milo) [mjilo] nice
лук (luk) [luk] onion люк (ljuk) [ljuk] hatch

These wet sounds are not necessarily transcribed in French. Thus the name of the first president of Russia was Борис Ельцин in Russian, Boris Yeltsin in English and French: Boris Yeltsin (but pronouncing "Yeltsin").

Italic characters

The cursive letters which are significantly different from the normal printed version are noted in bold.

Those are worth learning because they are often used and look like the hand-written form of Russian.

А а Б б В в Г г Д д Е е Ё ё Ж ж З з И и Й й К к Л л М м Н н О о П п Р р С с Т т У у Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я
А а Б б В в Г г Д д Е е Ё ё Ж ж З з И и Й й К к Л л М м Н н О о П п Р р С с Т т У у Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я

Cursive Letters (hand writing

Watch the video below to learn how to write the cursive language letters of the Russian alphabet:

Cursive-Russian-Letters-HandWriting-PolyglotClub.jpg


Russian Keyboard

Real Russian Keyboard

This is what a Russian keyboard looks like: Russian-Cyrillic-Keyboard-PolyglotClub.png

Transform your keyboard to write Cyrillic

This video explains how you can write Russian/Cyrillic letter stickers on your native keyboard with the use of Russian letter sticker:

Russian Online Virtual Keyboard


Videos

Russian Alphabet Made Easy

Learn the Russian alphabet with examples and pronunciation

Learn the Cyrillic alphabet in one video

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