Difference between revisions of "Language/Portuguese/Grammar/Adjectives"

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Os adjetivos > Adjectives
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Em português, os adjetivos têm géneros > In Portuguese, adjectives have genders.


Adjetivos que acabam com 'o' são masculino e otros que acabam com 'a' são feminino > Adjectives ending with 'o' are masculin and those ending with 'a' are feminine.


    Ocupado / ocupada: Busy
    Longo / longa: Long
    Caro / cara: Expensive
    Barato / barata: Cheap
    Cheio / cheia: Full
    Vazio / vazia: Empty
    Bonito / bonita: Beautiful
    Maravilhoso / maravilhosa: Wonderful
    Branco / branca: White
    Poderoso / poderosa: Powerful


    Duro / dura: Hard


    Macio / macia: Soft
Os adjetivos que acabam com outras letras não tem géneros. Podem ser masculinos o femininos > Adjectives ending with other letters don't have any gender. They can be both masculin and feminine.


      Possível: Possible
      Grande: Large
      Importante: Important
      Quente: Hot
      Diferente: Different
      Terrível: Terrible
      Amigável: Friendly
      Interessante: Interesting
      Disponível: Available
      Sensível: Sensitive
      Fácil: Easy


      Difícil: Hard
= Adjectives – Adjetivos =
Usamos os adjetivos com nomes como modificadores e depois alguns verbos como predicados > We use adjectives with nouns as modifiers and with(after) some verbs as predicates.
An adjective is word that attributes a quality or characteristic for a noun modifying it.


    A sala é vazia > The room is empty
Compare:
    Uma sala vazia > An empty room
{| class="wikitable"
!Without Adjective
!With Adjective
|-
|O carro – the car
|O carro pequeno – the small car. (Observe that the word “pequeno” – small – modifies the noun “carro” – car. Being “pequeno” is a characteristic of the car.)
|-
|A casa – the house
|A casa suja – the dirty house. (Observe that the word “suja” – dirty – modifies the noun “casa” – house. Being “suja” is a quality of the house.)
|}
The adjective may attribute a concrete or abstract quality to the noun, it may qualify the noun or indicate quantity.


    Esse homem é ocupado > That man is busy.
Compare:
    Um homem ocupado > A busy man
   
    Esta garota é inteligente > This girl is clever
    Uma garota inteligente > A clever girl


    O português é fácil > Portuguese is easy.
* A lição fácil – The easy lesson. (Observe that the word “fácil” – easy – modifies the noun “lição” – lesson. Being “fácil” is an abstract quality of the lesson)
    Uma lingua fácil > An easy language
* A casa branca– the white house. (Observe that the word “branca” – white – modifies the noun “casa” – house. Being “white” is a concrete quality of the house.)
      
* Poucas canetas – few pens. (Observe that the word “poucas” – few – quantifies the noun “canetas” – pens)
    Esse livro era caro > That book used to be expensive
 
    Um livro caro > An expensive book.
The adjective may have the same termination when it refers to masculine and feminine words. Observe in the examples below that the adjective remains unchanged even when it refers to a feminine word.
 
Examples:
 
* O homem forte – The strong man
* A mulher forte – The strong woman
 
Usually adjectives ending in “e” and “ista” have just one termination for both genders.
 
More examples:
 
* O menino inteligente – The intelligent boy
* A menina inteligente – The intelligent girl
* O professor idealista – The idealist teacher
* A professora idealista – The idealist teacher.
 
The adjective may have different terminations according to each gender. Adjectives ending in “o” can be either masculine or neutral. To compose the feminine form of adjectives ending in “o” just change the “o” for the letter “a”
 
Examples:
 
* O menino alto – The tall boy
* A menina alta – The tall girl
 
The adjective agrees in number with the noun. See the examples below:
 
Compare:
{| class="wikitable"
!Singluar
!Plural
|-
|O menino inteligente – the intelligent boy. (singular)
|Os meninos inteligentes – the intelligent boys. (plural)
|-
|A mesa grande – The big table. (singular)
|As mesas grandes – the big tables.(plura)
|}
Usually in Portuguese the adjective follows the noun.
 
Examples:
 
* A mulher bonita – The beautiful woman
* O carro pequeno – The small car
 
 
But in some cases the adjective may precede the noun. For these cases the adjective is more emphatic and may attribute a metaphoric quality to the noun.
 
Compare:
 
* Uma velha amiga – a longtime friend.
* Una amiga velha – an old friend.
 
== Adjectives in Portuguese ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Portuguese
!English
|-
|Alto(a)
|Tall
|-
|Baixo(a)
|Low
|-
|Bom / Boa
|Good
|-
|Quente
|Hot
|-
|Cansado(a)
|Tired
|-
|Curto(a)
|Short
|-
|Fraco(a)
|Weak
|-
|Magro (a)
|Thin
|-
|Fácil
|Easy
|-
|Feio(a)
|Ugly
|-
|Frio(a)
|Cold
|-
|Forte
|Strong
|-
|Grande
|Big
|-
|Bonito (a)
|Beautiful
|-
|Honesto (a)
|Honest
|-
|Inteligente
|Intelligent
|-
|Longo(a)
|Long
|-
|Louco(a)
|Crazy
|-
|Novo(a)
|new
|-
|Pequeno(a)
|Small
|-
|Pobre
|Poor
|-
|Responsável
|Responsible
|-
|Rico(a)
|Rich
|-
|Delicioso(a)
|Delicious
|-
|Triste
|Sad
|-
|Velho(a)
|Old
|}
 
 
E
 
Ade.
 
 
     rd
 
  ft
O
 
  asy
 
rd
U
 
  oom
 
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Revision as of 06:40, 21 August 2022

Imagbz.jpg




Adjectives – Adjetivos

An adjective is word that attributes a quality or characteristic for a noun modifying it.

Compare:

Without Adjective With Adjective
O carro – the car O carro pequeno – the small car. (Observe that the word “pequeno” – small – modifies the noun “carro” – car. Being “pequeno” is a characteristic of the car.)
A casa – the house A casa suja – the dirty house. (Observe that the word “suja” – dirty – modifies the noun “casa” – house. Being “suja” is a quality of the house.)

The adjective may attribute a concrete or abstract quality to the noun, it may qualify the noun or indicate quantity.

Compare:

  • A lição fácil – The easy lesson. (Observe that the word “fácil” – easy – modifies the noun “lição” – lesson. Being “fácil” is an abstract quality of the lesson)
  • A casa branca– the white house. (Observe that the word “branca” – white – modifies the noun “casa” – house. Being “white” is a concrete quality of the house.)
  • Poucas canetas – few pens. (Observe that the word “poucas” – few – quantifies the noun “canetas” – pens)

The adjective may have the same termination when it refers to masculine and feminine words. Observe in the examples below that the adjective remains unchanged even when it refers to a feminine word.

Examples:

  • O homem forte – The strong man
  • A mulher forte – The strong woman

Usually adjectives ending in “e” and “ista” have just one termination for both genders.

More examples:

  • O menino inteligente – The intelligent boy
  • A menina inteligente – The intelligent girl
  • O professor idealista – The idealist teacher
  • A professora idealista – The idealist teacher.

The adjective may have different terminations according to each gender. Adjectives ending in “o” can be either masculine or neutral. To compose the feminine form of adjectives ending in “o” just change the “o” for the letter “a”

Examples:

  • O menino alto – The tall boy
  • A menina alta – The tall girl

The adjective agrees in number with the noun. See the examples below:

Compare:

Singluar Plural
O menino inteligente – the intelligent boy. (singular) Os meninos inteligentes – the intelligent boys. (plural)
A mesa grande – The big table. (singular) As mesas grandes – the big tables.(plura)

Usually in Portuguese the adjective follows the noun.

Examples:

  • A mulher bonita – The beautiful woman
  • O carro pequeno – The small car


But in some cases the adjective may precede the noun. For these cases the adjective is more emphatic and may attribute a metaphoric quality to the noun.

Compare:

  • Uma velha amiga – a longtime friend.
  • Una amiga velha – an old friend.

Adjectives in Portuguese

Portuguese English
Alto(a) Tall
Baixo(a) Low
Bom / Boa Good
Quente Hot
Cansado(a) Tired
Curto(a) Short
Fraco(a) Weak
Magro (a) Thin
Fácil Easy
Feio(a) Ugly
Frio(a) Cold
Forte Strong
Grande Big
Bonito (a) Beautiful
Honesto (a) Honest
Inteligente Intelligent
Longo(a) Long
Louco(a) Crazy
Novo(a) new
Pequeno(a) Small
Pobre Poor
Responsável Responsible
Rico(a) Rich
Delicioso(a) Delicious
Triste Sad
Velho(a) Old


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