Difference between revisions of "Language/Tamil/Grammar/Cases"

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== TAMIL Cases ==
== TAMIL Cases ==
Some special suffixes in Tamil are called case suffixes. There are about 7 case suffixes, and they are only added to names. Each has a different meaning. Examples of meanings of some case suffixes include "to" / "in", "for" / "to" and "from". In a sentence, words that have case suffixes usually appear after the noun but before the adverb.
Some special suffixes in Tamil are called case suffixes. There are about 7 case suffixes, and they are only added to names. Each has a different meaning. Examples of meanings of some case suffixes include "to" / "in", "for" / "to" and "from". In a sentence, words that have case suffixes usually appear after the noun but before the adverb.
===Video: Basic Tamil Grammar - வேற்றுமை - Intro to Tamil Cases===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PJmafm3KZA</youtube>


== Case Suffixes ==
== Case Suffixes ==
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அது changes very irregularly when adding case suffixes.
அது changes very irregularly when adding case suffixes.


See the following lesson on direct objects for examples of case suffix rules.


=== '''Suffixes''' ===
===Nominative===
 
===== '''1) Nominative''' =====
When the noun ends with ‘m’ sound , the ‘m’ sound is removed and ‘th’ sound is added .Nominative case has an unmarked suffix. 
When the noun ends with ‘m’ sound , the ‘m’ sound is removed and ‘th’ sound is added .Nominative case has an unmarked suffix. 


'''Example:'''
====Example====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|Tamil
|Tamil
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|}
|}


===== '''2) Accusative''' =====
====Video: Tamil Grammar - முதலாம் வேற்றுமை - Nominative Case====
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KqTrLyfaEQ</youtube>
 
===Accusative===
If the noun or the pronoun is used as the object of the verb, then it becomes '''Accusative case'''. It is also called an '''Objective case'''. It is optional only if it is a non-human object. '''ஐ (ai)''' is added at the end of the noun.
If the noun or the pronoun is used as the object of the verb, then it becomes '''Accusative case'''. It is also called an '''Objective case'''. It is optional only if it is a non-human object. '''ஐ (ai)''' is added at the end of the noun.


'''Example'''
====Example====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|Tamil
|Tamil
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|She sings a song
|She sings a song
|}
|}
====Video: Tamil Grammar - இரண்டாம் வேற்றுமை - Accusative Case====
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PJmafm3KZA</youtube>


===== '''3)  Associative''' =====
===Associative===
Associative case has ஓடு (odu) as a suffix.Sometimes also replaced by உடன் (udan).
Associative case has ஓடு (odu) as a suffix.Sometimes also replaced by உடன் (udan).
====Example====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|Tamil
|Tamil
Line 117: Line 123:
|}
|}


===== '''4)  Instrumental''' =====
===Instrumental===
Instrumental case has ஆல் (al) .Sometimes also replaced by கொண்டு (kondu).
Instrumental case has ஆல் (al) .Sometimes also replaced by கொண்டு (kondu).
====Example====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|Tamil
|Tamil
Line 130: Line 137:
|}
|}


===== '''5) Dative''' =====
===Dative===
Dative case has a suffix உக்கு (ukku) .Sometimes also replaced with அக்கு (akku)
Dative case has a suffix உக்கு (ukku) .Sometimes also replaced with அக்கு (akku).
====Example====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|Tamil
|Tamil
Line 143: Line 151:
|}
|}


===== '''6) Genetive''' =====
 
====Video: Tamil Grammar - இரண்டாம் வேற்றுமை - Dative Case====
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OsyQwV-2Xiw</youtube>
 
===Genetive===
Genetive case has அது ( athu ) as a suffix.Sometimes replaced with உடைய (udaya).
Genetive case has அது ( athu ) as a suffix.Sometimes replaced with உடைய (udaya).
====Example====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|Tamil Sentence
|Tamil Sentence
Line 156: Line 169:
|}
|}


===== '''7)  Locative''' =====
====Video: Tamil Grammar - இரண்டாம் வேற்றுமை - Genitive Case====
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDoTn92cqE</youtube>
 
===Locative===
Locative case has a suffix இல் (il).Sometimes for the noun , it has a suffix இடம் (idam).
Locative case has a suffix இல் (il).Sometimes for the noun , it has a suffix இடம் (idam).
====Example====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|Tamil Sentence
|Tamil Sentence
Line 169: Line 186:
|}
|}


===== '''8)  Vocative''' =====
===Vocative===
Vocative has the suffix ஏ (ee).
Vocative has the suffix ஏ (ee).
====Example====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|Tamil Sentence
|Tamil Sentence
Line 181: Line 199:
|Fear is evil
|Fear is evil
|}
|}
==Videos==
===Basic Tamil Grammar - வேற்றுமை - Intro to Tamil Cases===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PJmafm3KZA</youtube>
===Tamil Grammar - முதலாம் வேற்றுமை - Nominative Case===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KqTrLyfaEQ</youtube>
===Tamil Grammar - இரண்டாம் வேற்றுமை - Accusative Case===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PJmafm3KZA</youtube>
===Tamil Grammar - இரண்டாம் வேற்றுமை - Dative Case===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OsyQwV-2Xiw</youtube>
===Tamil Grammar - இரண்டாம் வேற்றுமை - Genitive Case===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDoTn92cqE</youtube>




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* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KqTrLyfaEQ
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KqTrLyfaEQ
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDoTn92cqE
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDoTn92cqE
* https://ilearntamil.com/tamil-grammar/

Revision as of 14:02, 4 November 2021

Tamil-Language-PolyglotClub.png
TAMIL CASES


TAMIL Cases

Some special suffixes in Tamil are called case suffixes. There are about 7 case suffixes, and they are only added to names. Each has a different meaning. Examples of meanings of some case suffixes include "to" / "in", "for" / "to" and "from". In a sentence, words that have case suffixes usually appear after the noun but before the adverb.

Video: Basic Tamil Grammar - வேற்றுமை - Intro to Tamil Cases

Case Suffixes

Adding case suffixes is the second case where the word changes before adding a suffix. The first was when creating plural nouns.


Adding Case Suffixes:

  • If the word ends in -டு or -று:
    • add the case suffix using the [basic set of suffix addtion rules] if:
      • the word is made of two short letters
      • the final -டு or -று is preceded by a consonant
    • change -டு to ட்ட் or -று to ற்ற் and add the case suffix for any other word
  • If the word ends in -ம்: drop the -ம், add த்த், and add the case suffix


Remember that a consonant is a letter that does not have a vowel (eg க், ங், etc.).

Pronouns change uniquely before adding the suffix:

Case Suffixes - Word Changes
Word Change before adding case suffix Word Change Before Adding Case Suffix
நான் என்- நாம் நம்-
நாங்கள் எங்கள்-
நீ உந் நீங்கள் உங்கள்-
நீங்கள் உங்கள்-
அவன் அவன்- அவர்கள் அவர்கள்-
அவள் அவள்-
அவர் அவர்-
அது அத்-/அதன்- அவை அவற்று-
Word Change Before Adding Case Suffix
எல்லாம் எல்லாவற்ற்-

அது changes very irregularly when adding case suffixes.


Nominative

When the noun ends with ‘m’ sound , the ‘m’ sound is removed and ‘th’ sound is added .Nominative case has an unmarked suffix. 

Example

Tamil English
சிங்கத்தை கொன்றான் / சிங்கம் + கொன்றான் He Killed the Lion
மரத்தை வெட்டினான் / மரம் + வெட்டினான் He cut the tree

Video: Tamil Grammar - முதலாம் வேற்றுமை - Nominative Case

Accusative

If the noun or the pronoun is used as the object of the verb, then it becomes Accusative case. It is also called an Objective case. It is optional only if it is a non-human object. ஐ (ai) is added at the end of the noun.

Example

Tamil English
ராமனைக் கண்டேன் / ராமன் + கண்டேன் I saw Raman
பாட்டுப் பாடுகிறாள் / பாட்டு + பாடுகிறாள் She sings a song

Video: Tamil Grammar - இரண்டாம் வேற்றுமை - Accusative Case

Associative

Associative case has ஓடு (odu) as a suffix.Sometimes also replaced by உடன் (udan).

Example

Tamil English
இறைவனோடு பேசுவேன் / இறைவன் + பேசுவேன் I will talk with God
குடத்துடன் வந்தாள் / குடம் + வந்தாள் She came with a pot

Instrumental

Instrumental case has ஆல் (al) .Sometimes also replaced by கொண்டு (kondu).

Example

Tamil English
வில்லால் வென்றான் / வில் + வென்றான் Won with a bow
அறிவைக் கொண்டு ஆளலாம் / அறிவு + ஆளலாம் Rule with knowledge

Dative

Dative case has a suffix உக்கு (ukku) .Sometimes also replaced with அக்கு (akku).

Example

Tamil English
ஆசைக்கு அளவில்லை / ஆசை + அளவில்லை No limits for desire
எனக்கு பிடிக்கும் / என் + பிடிக்கும் I like


Video: Tamil Grammar - இரண்டாம் வேற்றுமை - Dative Case

Genetive

Genetive case has அது ( athu ) as a suffix.Sometimes replaced with உடைய (udaya).

Example

Tamil Sentence English Meanings
எனது ஆடை / என் + ஆடை My dress
அவனுடைய நண்பன் / அவன் + நண்பன் His friend

Video: Tamil Grammar - இரண்டாம் வேற்றுமை - Genitive Case

Locative

Locative case has a suffix இல் (il).Sometimes for the noun , it has a suffix இடம் (idam).

Example

Tamil Sentence English Meanings
கிணற்றில் நீர் இருக்கிறது / கிணறு + நீர் + இருக்கிறது Water is in the well
கண்ணணிடம் குழல் இருக்கிறது / கண்ணண் + குழல் + இருக்கிறது Kannan has the flute

Vocative

Vocative has the suffix ஏ (ee).

Example

Tamil Sentence English Meanings
உண்மையே வெல்லும் / உண்மை + வெல்லும் Truth Triumphs
பயமே பாவம் / பயம் + பாவம் Fear is evil


Sources

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