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<div class="pg_page_title">Mesopotamian Arabic Grammar - Pronouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Mesopotamian Arabic Grammar - Pronouns</div>
Hi Mesopotamian Arabic learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be discussing pronouns in Mesopotamian Arabic. Pronouns are an important part of the language and can help you express yourself more clearly and accurately. We will look at the different types of pronouns, how they are used, and how to form them correctly.  
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/mesopotamian-arabic Mesopotamian Arabic] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will be focusing on pronouns in Mesopotamian Arabic. Pronouns are small words used in place of nouns to avoid repetition. They are key to building efficient and effective sentences.
 
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== Types of Pronouns ==
== Personal Pronouns ==
Personal pronouns are used to represent a specific person or thing. They can be either subject pronouns or object pronouns, depending on their function in the sentence. Here are the personal pronouns in Mesopotamian Arabic:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Mesopotamian Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| أنا || ana || I
|-
| أنتَ || anta || you (masculine, singular)
|-
| أنتِ || anti || you (feminine, singular)
|-
| هوَ || huwa || he
|-
| هيَ || hiya || she
|-
| نَحنُ || nahnu || we
|-
| أنتُما || antuma || you (dual)
|-
| أنتُم || antum || you (masculine, plural)
|-
| أنتُنَّ || antunna || you (feminine, plural)
|-
| هما || huma || they (dual)
|-
| هُم || hum || they (masculine, plural)
|-
| هُنَّ || hunna || they (feminine, plural)
|}
 
Here's an example dialogue:


Mesopotamian Arabic has three types of pronouns: personal, possessive, and demonstrative.  
* Person 1: أنا طالب. (Ana talib.) - "I am a student."
* Person 2: أنتِ طالبة؟ (Anti taliba?) - "Are you a student?"


=== Personal Pronouns ===
As you may have noticed, Arabic is a gendered language. The feminine and masculine forms of the pronouns are used depending on the gender of the noun being replaced.


Personal pronouns are used to refer to people or things. They can be singular or plural, and they can be either masculine or feminine. Here are some examples of personal pronouns in Mesopotamian Arabic:  
== Demonstrative Pronouns ==
Demonstrative pronouns are used to indicate specific people or objects in relation to the speaker. They can be either near or far in distance or time. Here are the demonstrative pronouns in Mesopotamian Arabic:


* Singular Masculine: انا (ana)
{| class="wikitable"
* Singular Feminine: هي (hiya)
! Mesopotamian Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
* Plural Masculine: نحن (naHnu)
|-
* Plural Feminine: هن (hunna)
| هذا || hadha || this (masculine)
|-
| هذه || hadhihi || this (feminine)
|-
| ذلك || dhalika || that (masculine)
|-
| ذلكَ || dhalika || that (feminine)
|}


=== Possessive Pronouns ===
Here's an example dialogue:


Possessive pronouns are used to indicate ownership or possession. They can also be used to indicate a relationship between two people. Here are some examples of possessive pronouns in Mesopotamian Arabic:  
* Person 1: هذا كتابي. (Hadha kitabi.) - "This is my book."
* Person 2: هذه قلمي. (Hadhihi qalami.) - "This is my pen."


* My: لي (li)
== Possessive Pronouns ==
* Your (singular): لك (lak)
Possessive pronouns show ownership of a specific object or person. In Mesopotamian Arabic, they are attached to the end of a noun. Here are the possessive pronouns in Mesopotamian Arabic:
* His: له (lah)
* Her: لها (laha)
* Our: لنا (lana)
* Your (plural): لكم (lakum)
* Their: لهم (lahum)


=== Demonstrative Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Mesopotamian Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ي || yi- || my
|-
| كَ || ka- || your (masculine, singular)
|-
| كِ || ki- || your (feminine, singular)
|-
| هُوَ || huwa- || his
|-
| هِيَ || hiya- || hers
|-
| نَحنُ || naHnu- || our
|-
| كُما || kuma- || you (dual)
|-
| كُم || kum- || your (masculine, plural)
|-
| كُنَّ || kunna- || your (feminine, plural)
|-
| هُمَا || huma- || their (dual)
|-
| هُم || hum- || their (masculine, plural)
|-
| هُنَّ || hunna- || their (feminine, plural)
|}


Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out or identify a person or thing. They can be either singular or plural, and they can be either masculine or feminine. Here are some examples of demonstrative pronouns in Mesopotamian Arabic:  
Here's an example dialogue:


* Singular Masculine: هذا (haDha)
* Person 1: هذا كتابي. (Hadha kitabi.) - "This is my book."
* Singular Feminine: هذه (haDheh)
* Person 2: هذه قلمي. (Hadhihi qalami.) - "This is my pen."
* Plural Masculine: هؤلاء (hu'ulaa')
* Plural Feminine: هؤلاء (hu'ulaa')


== Forming Pronouns ==
== Interrogative Pronouns ==
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. In Mesopotamian Arabic, they are similar to the English pronouns "who," "what," "where," "when," "why," and "how." Here are the interrogative pronouns in Mesopotamian Arabic:


When forming pronouns in Mesopotamian Arabic, it is important to remember that the gender and number of the pronoun must match the gender and number of the noun it is referring to. For example, if you are referring to a singular masculine noun, you must use a singular masculine pronoun.
{| class="wikitable"
! Mesopotamian Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| من || man || who
|-
| ما || ma || what, why
|-
| أين || 'ayna || where
|-
| متى || mata || when
|-
| لِماذا || limadha || why
|-
| كيف || kayf || how
|}


It is also important to note that the possessive pronouns change depending on the gender and number of the noun they are referring to. For example, if you are referring to a singular masculine noun, you must use the possessive pronoun "له" (lah).
Here's an example dialogue:


Finally, it is important to remember that the demonstrative pronouns also change depending on the gender and number of the noun they are referring to. For example, if you are referring to a singular masculine noun, you must use the demonstrative pronoun "هذا" (haDha).  
* Person 1: من هوَ هذا؟ (Man huwa hadha?) - "Who is this?"
* Person 2: هذا أخي. (Hadha akhi.) - "This is my brother."


<hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
Remember, to improve your [[Language/Mesopotamian-arabic|Mesopotamian Arabic]] [[Language/Mesopotamian-arabic/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=4390 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/mesopotamian-arabic/question questions]!


== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_pronouns Arabic Pronouns Wikipedia Page]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstrative Wikipedia Article on Demonstrative Pronouns]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possessive_pronoun Wikipedia Article on Possessive Pronouns]


==Related Lessons==
{{#seo:
* [[Language/Mesopotamian-arabic/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
|title=Mesopotamian Arabic Grammar - Pronouns
* [[Language/Mesopotamian-arabic/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
|keywords=mesopotamian arabic, language, grammar, pronouns, possessive, demonstrative, interrogative, personal, arabic
* [[Language/Mesopotamian-arabic/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
|description=Learn and understand the different types of pronouns in Mesopotamian Arabic with examples and useful tables.
* [[Language/Mesopotamian-arabic/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
}}
* [[Language/Mesopotamian-arabic/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]


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{{Mesopotamian-arabic-Page-Bottom}}
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