Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/The-Greek-Impact-on-English-Vocabulary

The Influence of Greek on English Vocabulary

Introduction

While English predominantly descends from the Germanic family of languages, its lexicon has been significantly influenced by Latin, French, and Greek among other languages. Greek, in particular, has contributed significantly, especially in the realms of science, medicine, and philosophy.

1. Special Letter Combinations

Greek has contributed unique letter combinations to English. The most noticeable are:

• ph as in philosophy, sphere, emphasis
• ps at the start of words like psychology, psalm, pseudonym
• pn and pt in words like pneumatic, pneumonia, pterodactyl

2. Greek Word Endings

Many English nouns and adjectives of Greek origin have specific endings.

• Nouns often end in -on, -is, or -ma, as in automaton, analysis, drama
• Adjectives frequently end in -ic', -ical, and -al, as in tragic, geographical, logical

3. Greek Word Beginnings

Recognizing Greek prefixes can assist in identifying a word's Greek origins. Common Greek prefixes include ana-, anti-, apo-, and dia- among others. Examples include analysis, antonym, apology, diagnosis.

4. Medical Terminology

Greek has a strong influence in medical jargon. Examples include anatomy, bacteria, cholesterol, pathology. The suffix -osis is commonly used to describe conditions, such as tuberculosis, necrosis.

5. Pronunciation of Greek words in English

Understanding the origin of a word can also guide its pronunciation.

• The ph is usually pronounced as /f/.
• pn-, ps-, and pt- are silent at the beginning of a word.
• The pronunciation of ch is usually /k/ in Greek-origin words.

Conclusion

Understanding the Greek influence on English vocabulary can enrich our understanding of the language and also aid in deducing the meaning or pronunciation of unfamiliar words.